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Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

HCAR3

Identifiers

Aliases

HCAR3, GPR109B, HCA3, HM74, PUMAG, Puma-g, Niacin receptor 2, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3

External IDs

OMIM:606039;MGI:1933383;HomoloGene:130547;GeneCards:HCAR3;OMA:HCAR3 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)^[1]

Band	12q24.31	Start	122,714,756bp^[1]
Band	12q24.31	End	122,716,811bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)^[2]

Band	5\|5 F	Start	124,001,633bp^[2]
Band	5\|5 F	End	124,003,562bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

blood

granulocyte

gonad

spleen

monocyte

mucosa of esophagus

bone marrow

skin of abdomen

skin of leg

appendix

Top expressed in

granulocyte

esophagus

skin of external ear

morula

subcutaneous adipose tissue

skin of back

transitional epithelium of urinary bladder

trachea

skin of abdomen

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	G protein-coupled receptor activity signal transducer activity
Cellular component	integral component of membrane cell junction plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway signal transduction
Sources:Amigo /QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


8843


80885

Ensembl


ENSG00000255398


ENSMUSG00000045502

UniProt


P49019


Q9EP66

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_006018


NM_030701

RefSeq (protein)


NP_006009


NP_109626

Location (UCSC)

Chr 12: 122.71 – 122.72 Mb

Chr 5: 124 – 124 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA₃), also known asniacin receptor 2 (NIACR2) andGPR109B,^[5] is aprotein which in humans is encoded by theHCAR3gene.^[6]^[7] HCA₃, like the otherhydroxycarboxylic acid receptors HCA₁ andHCA₂, is aG_i/o-coupledG protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).^[5]^[8] The primaryendogenous agonists of HCA₃ are3-hydroxyoctanoic acid andkynurenic acid.^[5]^[8]^[9] HCA₃ is also alow-affinity biomolecular target forniacin (aka nicotinic acid).^[10]

Ligands

[edit]

Agonists

IBC 293

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000255398 –Ensembl, May 2017
^^a ^b ^cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000045502 –Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^^a ^b ^cOffermanns S, Colletti SL, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, IJzerman AP (June 2011)."International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B)".Pharmacological Reviews.63 (2):269–290.doi:10.1124/pr.110.003301.PMID 21454438.
^"Entrez Gene: GPR109B G protein-coupled receptor 109B".
^Nomura H, Nielsen BW, Matsushima K (October 1993). "Molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding a LD78 receptor and putative leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptors".International Immunology.5 (10):1239–1249.doi:10.1093/intimm/5.10.1239.PMID 7505609.
^^a ^bOffermanns S, Colletti SL, IJzerman AP, Lovenberg TW, Semple G, Wise A, et al."Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors".IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved13 July 2018.
^Kapolka NJ, Taghon GJ, Rowe JB, Morgan WM, Enten JF, Lambert NA, et al. (June 2020)."DCyFIR: a high-throughput CRISPR platform for multiplexed G protein-coupled receptor profiling and ligand discovery".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.117 (23):13117–13126.Bibcode:2020PNAS..11713117K.doi:10.1073/pnas.2000430117.PMC 7293659.PMID 32434907.
^Peters A, Krumbholz P, Jäger E, Heintz-Buschart A, Çakir MV, Rothemund S, et al. (May 2019)."Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria present in fermented foods are highly potent agonists of human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3".PLoS Genetics.15 (5) e1008145.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008145.PMC 6532841.PMID 31120900.

External links

[edit]

"Nicotinic Acid Receptor Family: GPR109B".IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved2008-12-09.

Cell surface receptor:G protein-coupled receptors

Class A:Rhodopsin-like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3
Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)
Serotonin	(all but5-HT3)5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)
Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 GHB receptor Histamine H1 H2 H3 H4 Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 1 2 FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin DP (1 2),EP (1 2 3 4),FP Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2,GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Hydroxycarboxylic acids 1 2 3 Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide

B/W (1
2)
FF (1
2)
S
Y (1
2
4
5)
Neuromedin (B
U (1
2))
Neurotensin (1
2)

Other

Anaphylatoxin (C3a
C5a (1
2))
Angiotensin (1
2)
Apelin
Bombesin
- BRS3
- GRPR
- NMBR)
- Bradykinin (B1
- B2)
Chemerin
- 1
- 2
Chemokine
Cholecystokinin (A
B)
Endothelin
- A
- B
Formyl peptide (1
2
3)
FSH
Galanin (1
2
3)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
2)
Ghrelin
Kisspeptin
Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
MAS (1
1L
D
E
F
G
X1
X2
X3
X4)
Melanocortin (1
2
3
4
5)
MCHR (1
2)
Motilin
Opioid (Delta
Kappa
Mu
Nociceptin &Zeta, but notSigma)
Orexin (1
2)
Oxytocin
Prokineticin (1
2)
Prolactin-releasing peptide
Relaxin (1
2
3
4)
Somatostatin (1
2
3
4
5)
Tachykinin (1
2
3)
Thyrotropin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Urotensin-II
Vasopressin (1A
1B
2)

Miscellaneous

Taste, bitter	TAS2R 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60 Vomeronasal receptor type 1
Orphan	GPR (3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 78 82 83 84 85 87 88 101 103 109A 119 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B:Secretin-like

Adhesion	ADGRB Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 2 3 ADGRC Cadherin 1 2 3 ADGRE EMR 1 2 3 CD97 ADGRG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ADGRL Latrophilin 1 2 3 ELTD1
Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)
Other	Calcitonin CALCRL Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth-hormone-releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C:Metabotropic glutamate /pheromone

Taste, sweet	TAS1R 1 2 3 Vomeronasal receptor, type 2
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA_B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F:Frizzled &Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)
Smoothened	Smoothened

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Ligands

References

Further reading

External links