Hydrogen deuteride is a minor component of naturally occurring molecular hydrogen. It is one of the minor but noticeable components of the atmospheres of all thegiant planets, with abundances from about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm. HD has also been found insupernova remnants,[2] denseinterstellar clouds,[3] andprotoplanetary disks.[4][5]
Occurrence of HD vs.H2 in giant planets' atmospheres
H NMR spectrum of a solution of HD (labeled with red bars) andH2 (blue bar). The 1:1:1 triplet arises from the coupling of the1H nucleus (I = 1/2) to the2H nucleus ( I = 1).
HD and H2 have very similaremission spectra, but the emission frequencies differ.[9]
The frequency of the astronomically important J = 1-0rotational transition of HD at 2.7 THz has been measured with tunableFIR radiation with an accuracy of 150 kHz.[10] In astronomy, this J = 1-0 line has been used to determine the masses of protoplanetary disks surroundingT Tauri stars[4] andHerbig Ae/Be stars.[5]
^Bautista, Maria T.; Cappellani, E. Paul; Drouin, Samantha D.; Morris, Robert H.; Schweitzer, Caroline T.; Sella, Andrea; Zubkowski, Jeffery (1991). "Preparation and Spectroscopic Properties of the η2-Dihydrogen Complexes [MH(η2-H2)PR2CH2CH2PR2)2]+ (M = Iron, Ruthenium; R = Ph, Et) and Trends in Properties Down the Iron Group Triad".Journal of the American Chemical Society.113 (13):4876–87.doi:10.1021/ja00013a025.
^Neufeld, David A.; Hollenbach, David J.; Kaufman, Michael J.; Snell, Ronald L.; Melnick, Gary J.; Bergin, Edwin A.; Sonnentrucker, Paule (2007). "SpitzerSpectral Line Mapping of Supernova Remnants. I. Basic Data and Principal Component Analysis".The Astrophysical Journal.664 (2):890–908.arXiv:0704.2179.Bibcode:2007ApJ...664..890N.doi:10.1086/518857.S2CID15286019.
^Drapatz, S.; Michel, K. W. (November 1974). "On the intensity of rotational lines of H2 and HD from dense interstellar clouds".Astronomy & Astrophysics.36 (2): 211-216.Bibcode:1974A&A....36..211D.
^Evenson, K. M.; Jennings, D. A.; Brown, J. M.; Zink, L. R.; Leopold, K. R. (1988). "Frequency measurement of the J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD".Astrophysical Journal.330: L135.Bibcode:1988ApJ...330L.135E.doi:10.1086/185221.
