PrincessHuyền Trân (Vietnamese:Huyền Trân Công Chúa,Chữ Nôm:玄珍公主) (1289-1340) was a princess of theTrần Dynasty ofĐại Việt, who later married to KingJaya Simhavarman III ofChampa and titled queen consortParameshvari of Champa from 1306 to 1307.
She was the daughter of EmperorTrần Nhân Tông[1]: 211 and the younger sister of EmperorTrần Anh Tông. There are few details in the historical record about Huyền Trân's life. In 1293, Trần Nhân Tông abdicated in favor of his son, Trần Anh Tông, in order to become a monk in a pagoda on Mount Yên Tử in what is nowQuảng Ninh Province.
In 1301, her father, retired emperor Trần Nhân Tông, visited the Kingdom of Champa and was given a lavish royal welcome by King Jaya Simhavarman III (Vietnamese:Chế Mân, 制旻). The visit lasted nine months. When Trần Nhân Tông left Champa forĐại Việt (the name of Vietnam at the time), he promised to give his daughter in marriage, even though the Cham king was already married to aJavanese woman named Tapasi. Jaya Simhavarman III thereafter sent many envoys to Đại Việt to urge the Trần emperor to carry out the marriage plan as Trần Nhân Tông had promised but the Emperor refused. Among the Emperor's men, only General Văn Túc Đạo Tái and Minister Trần Khắc Chung supported the marriage.
In 1306, on orders of Trần Anh Tông, Huyền Trân was married to the Champa king as Queen Parameshvari of Champa, in return for the two provinces ofChâu Ô and Châu Lý (or Châu Rí) (today these provinces areQuảng Bình,Quảng Trị,Huế andDanang).[2][3]
Huyền Trân went to Champa but a year later, in May 1307, Jaya Sinhavarman III died and the crown princeChế Chí sent an ambassador to Đại Việt to offer white elephants as gifts and announced the death of his king. According to the Hindu- and Cham - Sati tradition, all of the royal wives would be cremated with the dead king. Trần Anh Tông ordered a general named Trần Khắc Chung to go to Champa to officially attend the funeral but the real mission was for Trần Khắc Chung to rescue Huyền Trân and take her back to Đại Việt. Following an extravagant rescue plot, the trip back by boat took a year. Legends had it that Trần Khắc Chung fell in love with Huyền Trân and the two disappeared from sight together but there is no historical proof to back up this story. The kidnapping plot was the primary reason that lead to a downgrade of the relationship between the two countries since the Mongol invasion, leading to successive wars in the future.
The adventure and rescue of princess Huyền Trân (well known in Vietnamese literature and history as "Huyền Trân Công Chúa") has become an attractive topic for poems, arts and music in Vietnamesechữ Nôm.[4] Her marriage is also proverbial.[5]
Most cities in Vietnam have named major streets after her.[7]
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