_on_September_6th.png) Satellite image of Dora on September 6th | |
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | August 28, 1964 |
| Extratropical | September 13, 1964 |
| Dissipated | September 15, 1964 |
| Category 4 major hurricane | |
| 1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 130 mph (215 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 942mbar (hPa); 27.82 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 5 total |
| Damage | $280 million (1964USD) |
| Areas affected | Bahamas,East Coast of the United States (especially Florida),Atlantic Canada |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the1964 Atlantic hurricane season | |
Hurricane Dora was the firsttropical cyclone on record to makelandfall over theAtlantic coast of North Florida at hurricane intensity. The sixth tropical storm and second hurricane of the1964 season, Dora developed from atropical wave near the coast ofSenegal on August 28. The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Dora late on August 31. It then curved northwestward and continued to strengthen. By late on September 2, Dora became a Category 1 hurricane. Intensification slowed somewhat, with Dora becoming a Category 2 hurricane on September 4 and then a Category 3 hurricane on next day. Deepening further, the storm briefly peaked as a Category 4 with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) on September 6. Dora soon weakened to a Category 3 hurricane and then a Category 2 hurricane while curving westward early the following day.
Dora maintained Category 2 intensity over the next few days, except for several hours on September 9. While approaching the northeast coast of Florida, Dora's motion became erratic, making a few cyclonic loops. Early on September 10, the hurricane made landfall nearSt. Augustine, Florida, with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h). Dora quickly weakened to tropical storm intensity over land on September 11 and then briefly drifted over southwesternGeorgia, until turning northeastward later the next day. Upon merging with acold front, Dora becameextratropical cyclone over coastalSouth Carolina on September 13. Early on September 14, the extratropical storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean over theOuter Banks ofNorth Carolina and accelerated, strikingNewfoundland on September 15 before being absorbed by another extratropical system.
Along the First Coast of Florida, tides reached up to 10 ft (3 m) above mean sea level. Strong winds lashed the region, with sustained wind of 125 mph (200 km/h) observed in St. Augustine. InJacksonville, approximately 156,000 customers lost power, while about 19% of phones inDuval County were out of service. Much of the damage in the Jacksonville area occurred to older buildings and those located in coastal areas. Additionally, sections of the city experienced wind-induced river flooding in the vicinity of theSt. Johns River. Heavy rainfall damaged many unharvested crops and inundated numerous roads and bridges, isolated some communities for several days. Throughout Florida, Dora demolished 74 dwellings and damaged 9,374 others, while 14 mobile homes were destroyed and 218 others suffered severe impact. About 50 farm buildings and 423 small businesses suffered major damage or destruction. Three deaths and at least $230 million in damage occurred. In Georgia, the storm damaged about 1,135 homes and obliterated 5 others. Additionally, 18 trailers suffered major impact, while 43 small businesses were destroyed or experienced severe damage. The state reported one death and at least $9 million in damage. Dora impacted a few other states theEast Coast of the United States, but to a much lesser degree. One death occurred in Virginia. Overall, Dora caused $280 million in damage, which is equivalent to $2.6 billion in 2022 USD, and five deaths.
Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depressionHurricane Dora was first identified as a broadarea of low pressure on August 28, 1964, that moved off the west coast of Africa into the Atlantic Ocean nearDakar, Senegal.[1] Traveling west-southwestward,[2] the system brushed theCape Verde Islands on the next day. By August 31, images from the eighthTelevision Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS VIII) depicted a developing storm with acentral dense overcast,banding features and cirrusoutflow. Observations from shipMormacscan, which passed closest to the storm, indicated decreasingbarometric pressures and wind gusts up to 40 mph (65 km/h).[1] As part of a review of the cyclone during theAtlantic hurricane reanalysis project in 2019, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Dora around 18:00 UTC on August 31. This was based on an extrapolation ofreconnaissance aircraft flight data on September 1, which observed sustained winds of 59 mph (95 km/h).[3]: 318 Shortly thereafter, theWeather Bureau inSan Juan, Puerto Rico, issued the first advisory on the storm, with the center estimated to be roughly 850 mi (1,370 km) east ofTrinidad.[1][4]
After advisories began on September 1, Dora turned northwestward and continued to intensify.[2] Several reconnaissance missions into the storm indicated that it attained hurricane status during the afternoon of September 2,[1] which the officialAtlantic hurricane database lists as 18:00 UTC.[2] Although contemporary reports indicated that Dora quickly became a major hurricane,[1] the 2019 reanalysis of Dora concluded that remained a Category 1 hurricane on the modern-daySaffir–Simpson hurricane scale until late on September 4 and did not intensify into a Category 3 hurricane until about 24 hours thereafter.[2] At the time,meteorologists expected the storm to maintain a northwesterly course and be steered over open waters by atrough associated withHurricane Cleo to the west.[4][5] However, Dora avoided the trough and instead gradually turned westward September 6.[4] That day, the hurricane attained its peak intensity as aCategory 4-equivalent storm with winds estimated at 130 mph (215 km/h) and a minimumatmospheric pressure of 942 mbar (27.82 inHg).[2]
While executing the turn, Dora steadily weakened as its low-levelinflow was disrupted,[4] falling to Category 3 intensity around 12:00 UTC on September 6 and then to Category 2 status by early the next day.[2] While initially thought to have re-intensified into a Category 3 hurricane on September 8,[1] the 2019 reanalysis on Dora indicated that the storm remained no stronger than a Category 2 hurricane for the remainder of its duration.[2] Tracking westward towards Florida, Dora's forward movement decreased and became erratic as it neared the coast. Early on September 9, the storm abruptly turned southeastward before moving north for several hours. Throughout the remainder of the day, Dora executed three distinct cyclonic loops while maintaining a general westward motion.[1] The cyclone weakened to a Category 1 hurricane intensity early on September 9, possibly due to aneyewall replacement cycle,[3]: 325 but re-strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane at 18:00 UTC while passing over theGulf Stream.[2] This resulted in its central pressure decreasing 9 mbar (hPa; 0.27 inHg) in a few hours.[6]
%2c_September_10%2c_1964_(398887661).jpg)
As Dora neared North Florida in the early hours of September 10, the diameter of itseye decreased from about 28 mi to 8 mi (44 to 13 km).[3]: 326 Around 06:00 UTC on September 10, the storm madelandfall nearSt. Augustine, as a strong Category 2 hurricane with sustained winds of 110 mph (175 km/h).[2] Dora became the only hurricane to strike theFirst Coast region during the 20th century.[1] The cyclone quickly weakened after moving ashore, losing hurricane status within 12 hours,[2] and turned to the north just west ofTallahassee on September 11. Early on the following day, Dora briefly became almost stationary over southwestGeorgia, before acold front caused it to accelerate northeastward.[3]: 328 Dora also began merging with the cold front, leading to its transition into anextratropical cyclone over coastalSouth Carolina around 12:00 UTC on September 13.[3]: 329 The extratropical remnants emerged into the Atlantic along theOuter Banks ofNorth Carolina early the following day and continued northeastward, strikingNewfoundland late on September 15,[2] shortly before being absorbed by another extratropical system.[3]: 330
Upon Dora's classification on September 1, asmall craft advisory was issued for theLeeward Islands and the northernWindward Islands.[4]
As Dora approached Florida,gale warnings were issued for the northeast section of the coastline.[7] As Dora moved inland, gale warnings were issued fromSarasota toPensacola.[8] In addition, small craft for much of the Gulf Coast to the west coast of Florida, and later in theMid-Atlantic were advised to remain in port until the storm subsided.[8]
The storm remained far enough from theLeeward Islands to cause little impact. OnSaint Kitts, sustained winds reached 23 mph (37 km/h) and gusts peaked at 32 mph (51 km/h). Additionally, the United States'Weather Bureau office inSan Juan, Puerto Rico, noted that "some slight erosion of beaches may have occurred due to heavy surf on September 3 and 4."[9]
Overall, Dora was responsible for five deaths and $280 million in damage in the United States, much of which occurred in Florida.[10] Within Florida and Georgia combined, the hurricane injured nearly 1,500 persons, with 72 of those people requiring hospitalization. Dora demolished at least 79 dwellings, 14 trailers, 2 farm buildings, and destroyed or severely damaged 205 boats and 466 small businesses. Additionally, Dora rendered major damage to at least 492 residences, 236 trailers, and 48 farm buildings, as well as minor damage to 10,017 residences. Approximately 13,476 families in the two states experienced losses relating to the storm.[11]
Along the coast of Florida, tides reached up to 10 ft (3.0 m) above mean sea level.[4] The hurricane also produced storm surge and abnormally high tides on the Gulf Coast of Florida, especially fromTampa Bay toSt. Marks, where tides between 2 and 6 ft (0.61 and 1.83 m) were observed. Residents were forced to evacuate their homes. Strong winds lashed northeastern Florida, with sustained wind of 125 mph (200 km/h) observed in St. Augustine.[4] Many locations north ofDaytona Beach received sustained winds of at least 100 mph (160 km/h).[12] Because of the slow movement of Dora, some places experienced the worst of the storm for as much as 24 hours.[4] Many areas of North Florida received at least 10 in (250 mm) of rainfall, damaging many unharvested crops and inundating numerous roads and bridges, which isolated some communities for several days.[4] Throughout Florida, 74 dwellings were flattened and 9,374 received damage, while 14 mobile homes were destroyed and 218 others suffered severe impact. About 50 farm buildings and 423 small businesses were severely damaged or demolished.[11]
Jacksonville was one of the most severely impacted cities. Approximately 156,000 customers were left without electricity, while about 19% of phones inDuval County were out of service. The power supply for Jacksonville and surrounding towns was lost for six days.[13] Much of the damage in the Jacksonville area occurred to older buildings and those located in coastal areas. Additionally, sections of the city experienced wind-induced river flooding in the vicinity of theSt. Johns River.[4] Along the coast,Atlantic Beach andJacksonville Beach were lashed by storm surge, which flooded low-lying areas and swept away houses and roads. One street in the latter was inundated with about 6 ft (1.8 m) of water. Three homes were destroyed and 3,992 suffered damage, while 5 mobile homes were demolished and 25 experienced impact, overall in Duval County.[14]
The storm was also one of the factors that nearly led to the cancellation of aBeatles concert atGator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville on September 11; other reasons included that the Beatles would not perform with asegregated audience, theAmerican Guild of Variety Artists forced the Fab Four to pay union dues, and that a group of filmmakers attempted to createbootleg footage of the concert. Those issues were eventually resolved. Initially, the Beatles planned to fly to Jacksonville after their concert inMontreal on September 8, but the storm forced their plane to be diverted toKey West. Just hours before the concert began, the Beatles arrived atImeson Field. More than 20,000 fans attended the concert, though thousands of others could not attend due to power outages in the city. Because winds were still gusting up to 45 mph (72 km/h),Ringo Starr's drums were nailed to the stage.[15]
InAmerican Beach, which was once an African-American beach community established byAbraham Lincoln Lewis, many of itshistorical buildings were damaged or destroyed.[16] Additionally, several homes and businesses were also affected or demolished.[17] Some homes were swept away inFernandina Beach, while the foundations of several other dwellings were threatened.[18] Approximately 40 residences were damaged or destroyed.[19] AtFort Clinch, located near the northern tip ofAmelia Island, the exterior of the fort was severely impacted by erosion.[20] ThroughoutNassau County, Dora destroyed about 50 homes and damaged 500 others, while 25 small businesses were either demolished or suffered major impact.[21]
InSt. Johns County, 14 beach homes and 2 car garages were destroyed by erosion betweenVilano Beach and southernPonte Vedra Beach. A number of other dwellings were damaged. Waves inundated many areas of St. Augustine with a few inches to as much as several feet of water.[22] The heaviest impact occurred at the bay front, in Davis Shores, and along the San Sebastian River. At Slave Market Square, floodwaters were "hip deep",[23] while floodwaters outside theMonson Motor Lodge was described as "hubcap deep".The St. Augustine Record office was submerged,[24] while some motel lobbies along theMatanzas River were flooded with 30 in (760 mm) of water.[25] Additionally,Castillo de San Marcos was surrounded by water.[23] Winds unroofed some homes and downed giant, centuries old oak trees.[22] Much of the city was left without electricity. Damage in St. Augustine totaled about $5 million.[25] The pier and boardwalk atSt. Augustine Beach were majorly damaged, as well as a section ofState Road A1A, causing it to be closed to traffic.[24] Approximately 1,027 homes and 19 others were destroyed, while 20 businesses suffered major losses or were demolished in St. Johns County alone.[21]
High tides were also reportedFlagler County, especially atFlagler Beach. About half of the municipal pier was destroyed, with some of its debris scattered over State Road A1A. In addition to the debris, washouts forced the road to be temporarily closed. Impact to private property was mainly limited to lost shingles, flooded yards, and a few downed trees. Seedling cabbage plants may have been completely ruined. Damage in the county was minor, reaching approximately $500,000.[26] Tides of about 8 ft (2.4 m) along the St. Johns River inPalatka threatened to wash away the eastern side of thememorial bridge. Extensive erosion occurred elsewhere inPutnam County along the river. A 75 ft (23 m) yacht was beached at a county commissioner's riverfront home. Then-State Road 309 was flooded in the vicinity ofGeorgetown.[27] Some trees were downed and a few classrooms suffered water leaks atSt. Johns River Junior College in Palatka, but damage overall was minor.[28] Approximately 1,800 people were left without telephone service in Palatka,Pomona Park, andWelaka.[27]
West of the Jacksonville area, the storm brought heavy rainfall, with over 10 in (250 mm) of precipitation falling in a 10,000 sq mi (26,000 km2) area.[4] InBradford County, impacts from Dora included major damage to 2 homes and 15 farm buildings and minor damage to 18 homes, as well as significant damage or destruction to 1 small business.[11] Eight dwellings inUnion County experienced minor damage.[29]Columbia andHamilton counties reported minor damage to 30 homes in the former and 5 homes in the latter.[14] InMadison County, 18 homes suffered minor damage.[21] InTaylor County, the city ofPerry was flooded, with water entering more than 100 homes.[29] As a result, an estimated 500 people fled the town.[30] Farther south, freshwater flooding and storm surge affectedSteinhatchee. High water leftState Road 51 – the only highway to and from Steinhatchee – closed for a few days. Throughout Taylor County, the storm damaged 300 homes to some degree, 25 severely. A total of 30 mobile homes suffered major impact. Additionally, 10 small businesses and 30 boats experienced major damage or destruction.[29]
Civil defense authorities ordered evacuations for people residing along a 50–65 mi (80–105 km) stretch of theSuwannee River.[30] Precipitation from the hurricane peaked at 23.73 in (603 mm) inMayo,[31] including 14.62 in (371 mm) that fell in a 24‑hour period.[24] Consequently, flooding inundated many roads inLafayette County, includingU.S. Route 27 andState Road 51,[32][33] causing school sessions to be canceled for several days. Much of the town of Mayo was inundated.[34] Thirteen homes were damaged in the county, while four mobile homes received major impacts.[14] Flooding inCross City impacted businesses, homes, and roads, causing approximately 200 families to evacuate. Damage in the city totaled about $2 million.[35] ThroughoutDixie County, Dora inflicted major damage on one trailer and two dwellings and minor damage on one hundred other dwellings. Ten boats also received substantial impacts or were destroyed. NeighboringLevy County reported significant impacts to one home and four trailers, as well as minor impacts to twelve homes.[14]
AtLive Oak, 18.62 in (473 mm) of precipitation was observed over the course of four days,[24] forcing 300–400 households to evacuate.[30] Flooding left the town almost completely isolated, with all highways leading into Live Oak closed. Portions of the downtown business district became inundated with more than 10 ft (3.0 m) of water, while floodwaters may have reached as high as 30 ft (9.1 m) above ground in parts of the town. Some homes floated away, while others were flooded with water above their second-story windows. In a few neighborhoods, only the tops of the chimneys remained visible, while many residents became stranded on their rooftops and required rescue by boats.[24] The storm also interfered with the operation of local sewage plants, although the mayor noted that the water supply remained potable.[30] One person died directly as a result of the storm from a drowning in Live Oak.[12] ThroughoutSuwannee County, 100 homes suffered major damage, while 219 other dwellings experienced minor damage and 5 mobile homes received severe impacts. Additionally, seven farm buildings were extensively damaged and 80 small businesses suffered either destruction or significant effects.[29]
Dozens of dwellings and 25 homes at Highland Court Manor and Lincoln Estates were invaded by water inGainesville. Several residences on Northwest 10th Avenue also flooded.[36] In Gainesville, Florida, Hogtown Creek flooded and many homes in surrounding neighborhoods, including Woodland Terrace and Gold Club Manor experienced flooding that lasted for days. Along with the flooding, power was lost for a long while. while another 25 dwellings experienced water damage inHigh Springs after theSanta Fe River overflowed.[34] A trailer park on Archer Road was inundated waist-deep. At Clear Lake, the rising body of water threatened several homes. A 25,000 US gal (95,000 L; 21,000 imp gal) fuel tank atStengel Field emerged from the ground due to saturation.[36] At theUniversity of Florida, thehalf-basements of Anderson, Flint, Matherly, and Tigert halls were flooded, though classes remained in session while crews pumped out the water.[37] Throughout the city, saturation downed trees, some of which fell on power lines, roads, and houses. Damage in Gainesville alone exceeded $300,000.[36] Overall, the storm damaged 225 dwellings and 36 mobile homes inAlachua County, while 4 businesses received major damage or were destroyed.[11]
InOcala, 11.7 in (300 mm) of rain fell since September 1, about 11.46 in (291 mm) in association with Dora. A few blocks were closed in the city due to flooding.[38] One lane alongRoute 441 was inundated atOrange Lake. ThroughoutMarion County, flooding submerged 15 to 20 county roads. Additionally,Interstate 75 was flooded betweenRoute 27 and County Road 318, resulting in the closure of that section of the highway.[39] The storm inflicted minor damage on 18 homes and severe impacts on 8 other residences in Marion County.[21] InCitrus County, nearly everyone evacuated from the small community ofHomosassa, where about 900 people lost electricity. Floodwaters in the town ofCrystal River reached 4 in (0.10 m) deep inside city hall, while the Port Paradise Hotel reported about 4 ft (1.2 m) of water in its lobby.[30]
InNew Smyrna Beach, two concrete decks at the beach were swept away. More than 200 ft (61 m) of sand was lost at the Coast Guard station.[24] Strong winds downed power lines and trees, which struck six homes.[40] Sixty-three dwellings inDaytona Beach were damaged and over 1,000 sq ft (93 m2) of the roof atDaytona Beach International Airport was lost.[24] One house burned down in Glenwood, a community betweenDeLeon Springs andDeLand, after the owner forgot to extinguish a kerosene lantern before falling asleep.[41] In DeLand, winds uprooted many trees and caused power and telephone service outages. The winds and rainfall ranging from 6 to 7 in (150 to 180 mm) caused some losses of oranges and grapefruits.[40] A total of 5 homes experienced significant damage inOrange City, while 8 other suffered light impacts. In westernVolusia County, one dwelling was destroyed and twenty-nine suffered major impact, while one hundred twenty-seven homes experienced minor damage. Additionally, 15 trailers were significantly impacted.[29] The hurricane destroyed 1 home, caused major damage to 19 homes, and inflicted minor damage to 397 homes in eastern Volusia County. Also in that section of the county, 5 mobile homes experienced substantial damage and 12 boats were either destroyed or severely damaged.[14]
InSeminole County, wind damage was mainly limited a to downed power lines, electrical poles, and trees, some of which fell on homes and blocked streets, particularly inAltamonte Springs,Geneva, andSanford.[42] Two deaths occurred on September 9 when a helicopter being evacuated from the storm crashed nearSanford, killing two Navy personnel.[4] Throughout Seminole County, 461 homes suffered minor damage and 8 mobile homes received minor damage. Additionally, 26 farm buildings were severely damaged and 12 boats were either extensively damaged or destroyed.[29] InBrevard County, the storm caused minor flood damage to homes inTitusville. A few power lines and telephone lines were downed by the wind. A loss of 10% of grapefruit crops and 2%–3% of oranges in the county.[40] Throughout southern Brevard County, Dora caused major damage to 4 homes and minor damage to 24 others. The cyclone also destroyed 4 mobile homes and inflicted major damage to 14 others. Additionally, 10 small businesses were either demolished or received extensive damage.[29] InIndian River County, a total of 45 homes suffered light damage.[14] Farther south, storm surge and above normal tides caused the loss of about 10 to 12 ft (3.0 to 3.7 m) of sand inFort Pierce. Winds in the area left some power outages and toppled a steel, concrete sign at a courthouse.[40]
Some locations in Georgia also experienced hurricane-force winds and heavy rainfall from the storm, particularly in the southeastern portion of the state. Winds estimated at 90 mph (140 km/h) were experienced on the coastal islands, while gale-force winds were observed as far north asSavannah and as far west asWaycross. Hundreds of trees were toppled, which downed trees and power lines, with some areas experiencing a near complete loss of electricity. The storm also brought heavy rainfall, with some areas observing more than 10 in (250 mm) of rain, while much of the southern half of Georgia experienced more than 3 in (76 mm) of precipitation. Storm surge and higher tides resulted in erosion andcoastal flooding.[43] OnJekyll Island, two motels lost portions of their roofs and a ferris wheel was destroyed. Extensive erosion also occurred on the island.[44] Damage on Jekyll Island was conservatively estimated at $1 million.[45] At least five homes were swept away onSt. Simons Island, while sections of the pier and seawall were demolished. TheF.J. Torras Causeway, a bridge connectingSea Island and St. Simons Island toBrunswick, was flooded.[44]
Many streets in Brunswick were covered with 1 to 3 ft (0.30 to 0.91 m) of water, leaving them impassible. In one section of the city, about 100 homes were deroofed, while 25 other homes in another section were severely damaged. An estimated 35%-40% of dwellings were damaged to some degree in Brunswick. Many trees, and power lines were downed, limiting communication between the islands and the mainland to radio networks. Portions ofRoute 17 south of Brunswick was washed out.[44] One man drowned in theLittle Satilla River near Brunswick while attempting to secure his boat.[46]Glynn County suffered over $3.6 million in damage.[45] Soil erosion caused by heavy rainfall in Waycross resulted in extensive damage to buildings and streets.[44] Throughout Georgia, the storm structurally impacted about 1,135 homes and obliterated five others. Additionally, 18 trailers suffered major impact, while 43 small businesses were destroyed or experienced severe damage.[11] Although many pastures were flooded,[43] impact on agriculture was minor.[46] Overall, the storm left at least $9 million in damage in Georgia.[4]
Winds and rains generated by Dora inSouth Carolina damaged some utility lines in the vicinity ofColumbia.[47] Gale-force winds in theCharleston metropolitan area damaged some buildings and home and uprooted trees.[48] Much ofHorry County observed at least 5 in (130 mm) of precipitation, including a peak total of 8.25 in (210 mm) inConway. Floods swept away a small home in the city. Several streams overflowed between Conway andLoris, which destroyed a small bridge. Offshore, the storm spawned three or four waterspouts to the southwest ofMyrtle Beach. InNorth Carolina, heavy rainfall in the northeastern portions of the state left a beachfront highway inaccessible for about 48 hours and caused water damage in several coastal homes. Winds left sporadic damage, including to corn crops.[43] A tornado inBrunswick County destroyed two homes and damaged four homes, a boat, and a boat trailer.[49]
Rains produced by the storm inVirginia caused flooding inNorfolk, inundating low-lying roads.Norfolk Municipal Airport also closed due to floodwaters along the roads leading to it. One indirect death occurred there due to a person suffering a heart attack while attempting to secure a boat[50] Flooding in theBuckroe Beach neighborhood ofHampton, causing about 40 residents to evacuate toKecoughtan High School, while winds downed trees and power lines.[51] OnAssateague Island, which is split between Virginia andMaryland, steady rainfall for approximately 36 hours left about 2 ft (0.61 m) of water on intersections at lower elevations.[52]
The remnants of Dora dropped about 2 to 3 in (51 to 76 mm) of precipitation along the Atlantic coast ofNova Scotia.[53] InNewfoundland, over 100 ships sought shelter at theSt. John's harbor. The central portions of the province experienced heavy rainfall and winds up to 59 mph (95 km/h).[54]
Following the storm, PresidentLyndon Johnson toured the devastated area withFlorida governorFarris Bryant,U.S. senatorsSpessard Holland andGeorge Smathers,Jacksonville mayor and Democraticnominee for governorHaydon Burns. President Johnson also personally assessed the damage in coastal Georgia, including at Brunswick and St. Simons Island.[55] In the flooded areas, theRed Cross deliveredtyphoidserum by helicopter.[24]
The name "Dora" had replaced "Donna" on the hurricane lists, and it was retired from theAtlantic hurricane lists and replaced with "Dolly" for the1968 season.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
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