| Hungarian Defence Forces | |
|---|---|
| Magyar Honvédség | |
 Emblem of the Hungarian Defence Forces | |
 Flag of the Hungarian Defence Forces | |
| Motto | A hazáért (transl. For the homeland) |
| Founded | 16 May 1848; 177 years ago (1848-05-16)[1][2] |
| Current form | 15 March 1990[3][4] |
| Service branches |  Hungarian Ground Forces Hungarian Air Force |
| Headquarters | Budapest |
| Website | defence |
| Leadership | |
| President | Tamás Sulyok |
| Prime Minister | Viktor Orbán |
| Minister of Defence | Kristóf Szalay-Bobrovniczky |
| Chief of General Staff | Colonel generalGábor Böröndi |
| Personnel | |
| Military age | 18–50[5] years of age[6] |
| Conscription | No (suspended on 3 November 2004)[7] |
| Active personnel | 41,600[8] |
| Reserve personnel | 20,000[9] |
| Deployed personnel | 868 (2019)[10] |
| Expenditure | |
| Budget | $5.23 billion (2024)[11] (ranked 41st) |
| Percent of GDP | 2.14% (2024)[11] |
| Industry | |
| Foreign suppliers |  Czech Republic France Germany Italy Sweden Turkey United States RussiaFormer:  Soviet Union |
| Related articles | |
| History | Military history of Hungary |
| Ranks | Military ranks of Hungary |
TheHungarian Defence Forces (Hungarian:Magyar Honvédség,lit. 'Hungarian Homeland-Guard',Hungarian pronunciation:[ˈmɒɟɒrˈhonveːt͡ʃːeːg]) is the nationaldefence force ofHungary. Since 2007, the Hungarian Armed Forces has been under a unified command structure. The Ministry of Defence maintains political and civil control over the army. A subordinate Joint Forces Command coordinates and commands the HDF corps. In 2020, the armed forces had 22,700 personnel on active duty. In 2019, military spending was $1.904 billion, about 1.22% of the country's GDP, well below the NATO target of 2%.[12] In 2016, the government adopted a resolution in which it pledged to increase defence spending to 2.0% of GDP and the number of active personnel to 37,650 by 2026.[13][14]
Military service is voluntary, thoughconscription may occur in wartime. In a significant move for modernization, Hungary decided in 2001 to buy 14JAS 39 Gripen fighter aircraft for about €800 million. It also bought two used Airbus A319 and two Falcon 7X transport aircraft. Three C-17 III Globemaster transport aircraft are operating from Pápa Air Base under Hungarian nationality mark but are maintained by the NATOHeavy Airlift Wing (HAW). An intensive modernization program started in 2016 under the name "Zrínyi 2026". New helicopters, tanks, IFVs and artillery equipment were purchased beside others. Hungarian National Cyber Security Center was re-organized in 2016.[15]
As of 2016, the Hungarian military has about 700 troops stationed in foreign countries as part of international peacekeeping forces, including 100 HDF troops in theNATO-ledISAF force inAfghanistan, 210 Hungarian soldiers inKosovo under command ofKFOR, and 160 troops inBosnia and Herzegovina. Hungary sent a 300-strong logistics unit to Iraq in order to help the US occupation with armed transport convoys, though public opinion opposed the country's participation in the war. One soldier waskilled in action by a roadside bomb in Iraq.
During theHungarian Revolution of 1848, the HDF drove Habsburg forces from the country in theSpring Campaign of 1849, but was defeated by an Austro-Russian offensive in the summer. TheRoyal Hungarian Honvéd was established in 1868. During World War I, out of the eight million men mobilized byAustria-Hungary, over one million died.Conscription was introduced on a national basis in 1939. The peacetime strength of theRoyal Hungarian Army grew to 80,000 men organized into seven corps commands.[16] During World War II theHungarian Second Army was destroyed on the banks of theDon River in December 1942 in theBattle of Stalingrad. During the Socialist and theWarsaw Pact era (1947–1989), the entire 200,000 strongSouthern Group of Forces was garrisoned in Hungary, complete with artillery, tank regiments, air force and missile troops with nuclear weapons.
The central element of the emblem of the Hungarian Defence Forces is theTurul bird with extended wings holding the sword of KingSaint Stephen in its claws. The element is surrounded by aturkey oak branch on the right and anolive branch on the left. At the meeting point of the branches is the "Hungarian Defense Shield" in thenational color. The inscription"A HAZÁÉRT" can be read at the top as "for the homeland", and"MAGYAR HONVÉDSÉG" can be read in a semicircle at the bottom as "Hungarian Defence Forces". The flag of the Hungarian Defence Forces is white, and the emblem is placed in the middle of the flag.[17]
The Hungarian tribes ofÁrpád vezér who came to settle in theCarpathian Basin were noted for their fearsomelight cavalry, which conductedfrequent raids throughout much ofWestern Europe (as far as present-daySpain), maintaining their military supremacy with long-range and rapid-firingreflex bows. Not until the introduction of well-regulated, plate-armored knightheavy cavalry could German emperors stop the Hungarian armies.
During the Árpáds the light-cavalry-based army was transformed slowly into a western-style one. The light cavalry lost its privileged position, replaced by a feudal army formed mainly from heavy cavalry.
The Hungarian field armies were drawn up into an articulated formation (as it happened inBattle of Przemyśl (1099),Battle at Leitha (1146),Battle of Morvamező (1278), (1349), in three mainbattle (formation) (1146, 1278, 1349). According to the contemporary sources and later speculations, the first line was formed by light cavalry archers (Battle of Oslava (1116, 1146, 1260, 1278). Usually, they started the battle followed by a planned retreat (1116, 1146),Battle of Kressenbrunn (1260). The major decisive battles of the Hungarian army were placed in the second or third lines consisted mainly of the most valuable parts of the army – in general heavy cavalry (1146, 1278, 1349).
The commanders of theHungarian Kingdom's army used different tactics, based on a recognition of their own and the enemies' (Holy Roman Empire,Pechenegs,Uzes,Cumans,Mongols,Byzantine Empire) abilities and deficiencies.
The Hungarian knight army had its golden age under KingLouis the Great, who himself was a famed warrior and conducted successful campaigns inItaly due to family matters (his younger brother marriedJoanna I, Queen of Naples who murdered him later.) KingMatthias Corvinus maintained very modern mercenary-based royal troops, called theBlack Army. King Matthias favoured ancient artillery (catapults) as opposed to cannons, which were the favourite of his father,Johannes Hunyadi, formerRegent of Hungary.
During theOttoman invasion of Central Europe (between late 14th century and circa 1700) Hungarian soldiers protected fortresses and launched light cavalry attacks against the Turks (seeHungarian Hussars). The northern fortress ofEger was famously defended in the autumn of 1552 during the 39-daySiege of Eger against the combined forces of two Ottoman armies numbering circa 120,000 men and 16 ultra-heavy siege guns. The victory was very important, because two much stronger forts ofSzolnok andTemesvár had fallen quickly during the summer. Public opinion[citation needed] attributed Eger's success to the all-Hungarian garrison, as the above two forts had fallen due to treason by the foreign mercenaries manning them. In 1596,Eger fell to the Ottomans for the same reason.
In the 1566Battle of Szigetvár,Miklós Zrínyi defendedSzigetvár for 30 days against the largest Ottoman army ever seen up to that day,[18] and died leading his remaining few soldiers on a final suicide charge to become one of the best-known national heroes. His great-grandson,Miklós Zrínyi, poet and general, became one of the better-known strategists of the 1660s. In 1686, the capital cityBudawas freed from the Ottomans by an allied Christian army composed of Austrian, Hungarian, and Western European troops, each roughly one-third of the army.[citation needed] TheHabsburg empire then annexed Hungary.
UnderHabsburg rule,Hungarian Hussars rose to international fame and served as a model for light cavalry in many European countries. During the 18th and 19th centuries hundreds of thousands of forcibly enrolled Hungarian males served 12 years or more each as line infantry in the Austrian Imperial Army.
Two wars of independence interrupted this era, that of PrinceFrancis II Rákóczibetween 1703 and 1711 and that ofLajos Kossuth in 1848–1849. A July 11, 1848 act of parliament in Budapest called for the formation of an army, theHonvédség, of 200,000 which would use theMagyar language of command. It was to be formed around already extant imperial units, twenty battalions of infantry, ten hussar regiments, and two regiments ofSzékely from theTransylvanian Military Frontier. They were further joined by eight companies of two Italian regiments stationed in Hungary and parts of the Fifth Bohemian Artillery Regiment.[19]
In 1848–1849 the Honvédség (mostly made up of enthusiastic patriots with no prior military training) achieved incredible successes against better-trained and -equipped Austrian forces, despite the obvious advantage in numbers on the Austrian side. The Winter Campaign ofJózef Bem and the Spring Campaign ofArtúr Görgey are to this day taught at prestigious military schools around the globe, including atWest Point Academy in the United States. Having suffered initial setbacks, including the loss ofPest-Buda, the Honvéd took advantage of the Austrians' lack of initiative and re-formed around theDebrecen-based Kossuth government.[20] The Hungarians advanced again and by the end of spring 1849, Hungary was basically cleared of foreign forces, and would have achieved independence, were it not for the Russian intervention. At the request of theAustrian emperorFranz Joseph,[21] the Russians invaded with a force of 190,000 soldiers – against the Honvédség's 135,000 – and decisively defeated Bem's Second Army in Transylvania, opening the path into the heart of Hungary. This way the Austrian-Russian coalition outnumbered Hungarian forces 3:1, which led to Hungary'ssurrender at Világos on 13 August 1849.Sándor Petőfi, the great Hungarian poet, wentmissing in action in theBattle of Segesvár, against invading Russian forces.
In April 1867, theAustro-Hungarian Empire was established. Franz Josef, the head of the ancientHabsburg dynasty, was recognized as bothEmperor of Austria andKing of Hungary. Nevertheless, the issue of what form the Hungarian military would take remained a matter of serious contention between Hungarian patriots and Austrian leaders.[22] As the impasse threatened the political union, Emperor Franz Josef ordered a council of generals in November of the same year. Ultimately, the leaders resolved on the following solution: in addition to thejoint (k.u.k.) army, Hungary would have its own defence force, whose members would swear their oath to the King of Hungary (who was also Emperor of Austria) and the national constitution, use the Hungarian language of command, and display their own flags and insignia. (Austria would also form its own parallel national defence force, theLandwehr.)[23] As a result of these negotiations, on 5 December 1868, theRoyal Hungarian Honvéd (Magyar Kiralyi Honvédség, or Defence Force) was established.
The Honvédség was usually treated generously by theDiet in Budapest.[24] By 1873 it already had over 2,800 officers and 158,000 men organized into eighty-six battalions and fifty-eight squadrons. In 1872, theLudovika Academy officially began training cadets (and later staff officers). Honvédség units engaged in manoeuvres and were organized into seven divisions in seven military districts. While artillery was not allowed, the force did form batteries ofGatling guns in the 1870s.[25]
In the midst of trouble between the imperial government and the parliament in 1906, the Honvédség was further expanded and finally received its own artillery units. In this form, the force approached the coming world war in most respects as a truly "national" Hungarian army.[26]
Hungarian soldiers "fought with distinction" on every front contested by Austria-Hungary in theFirst World War.[26] Honvédség units (along with theAustrian Landwehr) were considered fit for front line combat service and equal to those of the joint forces K.U.K. army.[27] They saw combat especially on theEastern Front and at theBattles of the Isonzo on theItalian Front. Out of the eight million men mobilized by Austria-Hungary, over one million died. Hungarians as a national group were second only to German Austrians in their share of this burden, experiencing twenty-eight war deaths for every thousand persons.[28]
After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire in late 1918, theRed Army of the Hungarian communist state (Hungarian Soviet Republic) conducted successful campaigns to protect the country's borders. However, in theHungarian–Romanian War of 1919 Hungary came under occupation by theRomanian,Serbian,American, andFrench troops, as after four years of extensive fighting, the country lacked both the necessary manpower and equipment to fend off foreign invaders.
In accordance with theTreaty of Bucharest, upon leaving, theRomanian army took substantial compensation for reparations. This included agricultural goods and industrial machinery as well as raw materials.[29] TheTrianon Treaty limited theHungarian National Army to 35,000 men and forbade conscription. The army was forbidden to possess tanks, heavy armor, or an air force.
On 9 August 1919, AdmiralMiklós Horthy united various anti-communist military units into an 80,000-strong National Army (Nemzeti Hadsereg). On 1 January 1922, the National Army was once again redesignated the Royal Hungarian Army.
During the 1930s and early 1940s,Hungary was preoccupied with the regaining the vast territories and huge amount of population lost in theTrianon peace treaty atVersailles in 1920. This required strong armed forces to defeat theneighbouring states and this was something Hungary could not afford. Instead, the HungarianRegent, Admiral Miklós Horthy, made an alliance withNazi Germany. In exchange for this alliance and via theFirst andSecond Vienna Awards, Hungary received back parts of its lost territories fromYugoslavia,Romania, andCzechoslovakia. Hungary was to pay dearly during and afterWorld War II for these temporary gains.[citation needed][clarification needed]
On 5 March 1938, Prime MinisterKálmán Darányi announced a rearmament program (the so-calledGyőr Programme, named after the city where it was announced to the public). Starting 1 October, the armed forces established a five-year expansion plan with Huba I-III revised orders of battle.Conscription was introduced on a national basis in 1939. The peacetime strength of theRoyal Hungarian Army grew to 80,000 men organized into seven corps commands.[16]
In March 1939, Hungary launched an invasion of the newly formedSlovak Republic. Both the Royal Hungarian Army and theRoyal Hungarian Air Force fought in the briefSlovak-Hungarian War. This invasion was launched to reclaim a part of the Slovakian territory lost after World War I.
On 1 March 1940, Hungary organized itsground forces into three field armies. The Royal Hungarian Army fielded theHungarian First Army, theHungarian Second Army, and theHungarian Third Army. With the exception of the independent "Fast Moving Army Corps" (Gyorshadtest), all three Hungarian field armies were initially relegated to defensive and occupation duties within the regained Hungarian territories.
In November 1940, Hungary signed theTripartite Pact and became a member of theAxis withNazi Germany andFascist Italy.
In April 1941, in order to regain territory and because of the German pressure, Hungary allowed theWehrmacht to cross her territory in order to launch theinvasion of Yugoslavia. The Hungarian foreign minister,Pál Teleki who wanted to maintain a pro-allied neutral stance for Hungary, could no longer keep the country out of the war, as the British Foreign SecretaryAnthony Eden had threatened to break diplomatic relations with Hungary if it did not actively resist the passage of German troops across its territory, and GeneralHenrik Werth, chief of the Hungarian General Staff made a private arrangement - unsanctioned by the Hungarian government - with the German High Command for the transport of the German troops across Hungary. Pál Teleki, no longer being able to stop the unfolding events, committed suicide on April 3, 1941, and Hungary joined the war on April 11 after the proclamation of theIndependent State of Croatia.
After the controversialKassa attack, elements of the Royal Hungarian Army joined the German invasion of theSoviet Union,Operation Barbarossa, one week later than the start of the operation. In spite of the arguments made that Hungary (unlike Romania) had no territorial claims in the Soviet Union, the fateful decision was made to join the war in the East. In the late summer of 1941, the Hungarian "Rapid Corps" (Gyorshadtest), alongsideGerman and Romanian army groups, scored a huge success against the Soviets at theBattle of Uman. A little more than a year later and contrasting sharply with the success at Uman, was the near-total devastation of theHungarian Second Army on banks of theDon River in December 1942 during theBattle for Stalingrad.
During 1943, theHungarian Second Army was rebuilt. In late 1944, as part ofPanzerarmee Fretter-Pico, it participated in the destruction of a Sovietmechanized group at theBattle of Debrecen. But this proved to be aPyrrhic victory. Unable to rebuild again, theHungarian Second Army was disbanded towards the end of 1944.
To keep Hungary as an ally, the Germans launchedOperation Margarethe and occupied Hungary in March 1944. However, during theWarsaw Uprising, Hungarian troops refused to participate.[30]
On 15 October 1944, the Germans launchedOperation Panzerfaust and forced Horthy to abdicate. Pro-NaziFerenc Szálasi was made prime minister by the Germans.
On 28 December 1944, aprovisional government under the control of theSoviet Union was formed in liberatedDebrecen withBéla Miklós as itsprime minister. Miklós was the commander of theHungarian First Army, but most of the First Army sided with the Germans and most of what remained of it was destroyed about 200 kilometres north of Budapest between 1 January and 16 February. The pro-Communist government formed by Miklós competed with the pro-Nazigovernment of Ferenc Szálasi. The Germans, Szálasi, and pro-German Hungarian forces loyal to Szálasi fought on. On 20 January 1945, representatives of the provisional government ofBéla Miklós signed an armistice inMoscow. But forces loyal to Szálasi still continued to fight on.
TheRed Army, with assistance from Romanian army units, completed the encirclement of Budapest on 29 December 1944 and theSiege of Budapest began. On 2 February 1945, the strength of the Royal Hungarian Army was 214,465 men, but about 50,000 of these had been formed intounarmed labor battalions.[30] The siege of Budapest ended with the surrender of the city on 13 February. But, while the German forces in Hungary were generally in a state of defeat, the Germans had one more surprise for the Soviets.
In early March 1945, the Germans launchedthe Lake Balaton Offensive with support from the Hungarians. This offensive was almost over before it began. By 19 March 1945, Soviet troops had recaptured all the territory lost during a 13-day German offensive.[31]
After the failed offensive, the Germans in Hungary were defeated. Most of what remained of theHungarian Third Army was destroyed about 50 kilometres west of Budapest between 16 March and 25 March 1945. Officially, Soviet operations in Hungary ended on 4 April 1945 when the last German troops were expelled.
Some pro-fascist Hungarians like Szálasi retreated with the Germans into Austria and Czechoslovakia. During the very last phase of the war,Fascist Hungarian forces fought inVienna,Breslau,Küstrin, and along theOder River.[30]
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On 7 May 1945,GeneralAlfred Jodl, the GermanChief of Staff, signed the document of unconditional surrender for all German forces. Jodl signed this document during a ceremony inFrance. On 8 May, in accordance with the wishes of theSoviet Union, the ceremony was repeated in Germany byField MarshalWilhelm Keitel. On 11 June, the Allies agreed to make 9 May 1945 the official "Victory in Europe" day.[32] Szálasi and many other pro-fascist Hungarians were captured and ultimately returned to Hungary's provisional government for trial.
During the Socialist and theWarsaw Pact era (1947–1989), the SovietSouthern Group of Forces, 200,000 strong, was garrisoned in Hungary, complete with artillery, tank regiments, air force and missile troops (with nuclear weapons). It was, by all means, a very capable force but which had little contact with the local population. Between 1949 and 1955 there was also a huge effort to build a big Hungarian army. All procedures, disciplines, and equipment were exact copies of theSoviet Armed Forces in methods and material, but the huge costs collapsed the economy by 1956.
During the autumn1956 revolution, the army was divided. When the opening demonstrations on 23 October 1956 were fired upon byÁVH secret policemen, Hungarian troops sent to crush the demonstrators instead provided their arms to the latter or joined them outright. While most major military units in the capital were neutral during the fighting, thousands of rank-and-file soldiers went over to the Revolution or at least provided the revolutionaries with arms.[33] Many significant military units went over to the uprising in full, such as the armored unit commanded by ColonelPál Maléter which joined forces with the insurgents at theBattle of the Corvin Passage. However, there were 71 recorded clashes between the people and the army between 24 and 29 October in fifty localities; these were typically either defending certain military targets from rebel attack or fighting the insurgents outright, depending on the commander.[33] When the Soviets crushed the Revolution on 4 November, the Army put up sporadic and disorganized resistance; lacking orders, many of their divisions were simply overpowered by the invading Soviets.
After the Revolution was crushed inBudapest, the Soviets took away most of the Hungarian People's Army's equipment, including dismantling the entire Hungarian Air Force, because a sizable percentage of the Army fought alongside the Hungarian revolutionaries. Three years later in 1959, the Soviets began helping rebuild the Hungarian People's Army and resupplying them with new arms and equipment as well as rebuilding the Hungarian Air Force. Satisfied that Hungary was stable and firmly committed once again to the Warsaw Pact, the Soviets offered the Hungarians a choice of withdrawal for all Soviet troops in the country. The new Hungarian leader,János Kádár, asked for all the 200,000 Soviet troops to stay, because it allowed thesocialistHungarian People's Republic to neglect its own draft-based armed forces, quickly leading to deterioration of the military. Large sums of money were saved that way and spent on feel-good socialist measures for the population, thus Hungary could become "the happiest barrack" in theSoviet Bloc. Limited modernization though, would happen from the mid-1970s onward to replace older stocks of military equipment with newer ones. Thus enabling the HPA, in a small way, to honor its Warsaw Pact commitments coupled with a mid-1980s organization which abolished divisions and replaced them with ground force brigades and a singular air force command.
The HPA was divided into the Ground and Air Forces. Until 1985, the Ground Forces were organized into:
Air Forces Headquarters atVeszprém
Training for conscripts was poor and most of those drafted were actually used as a free labour force (esp. railway track construction and agricultural work) after just a few weeks of basic rifle training. Popular opinion grew very negative towards the Hungarian People's Army and most young men tried to avoid the draft with bogus medical excuses.
In 1997, Hungary spent about 123 billion HUF (US$560 million) on defence. Hungary became a member ofNATO on 12 March 1999. Hungary provided airbases and support forNATO's air campaign againstSerbia and has provided military units to serve inKosovo as part of the NATO-ledKFOR operation. Hungary has sent a 300 strong logistics unit toIraq in order to help the US occupation with armed transport convoys, though public opinion opposed the country's participation in thewar. One soldier waskilled in action due to a roadside bomb in Iraq. The parliament refused to extend the one year mandate of the logistics unit and all troops have returned from Iraq as of mid-January 2005. Hungarian troops were still inAfghanistan as of early 2005 as part of theInternational Security Assistance Force. There were reports that Hungary would most probably replace its old UAZ 4x4 vehicles with the modernIveco LMV types, but it never happened. Hungarian forces deploy theGepárd anti-materiel rifle, which is a heavy 12.7 mm portable gun. This equipment is also in use by the Turkish and Croatian armed forces, among other armies.
In a significant move for modernization, Hungary decided in 2001 to lease 14JAS 39 Gripen fighter aircraft (the contract includes 2 dual-seater airplanes and 12 single-seaters as well as ground maintenance facilities, a simulator, and training for pilots and ground crews) for 210 billion HUF (about 800 million EUR). Five Gripens (3 single-seaters and 2 two-seaters) arrived inKecskemét on 21 March 2006, expected to be transferred to the Hungarian Air Force on March 30.10 or 14 more aircraft of this type might follow up in the coming years.
In early 2015, Hungary and Sweden extended the lease-program for another 10 years with a total of 32,000 flight-hours (95% increase) for only a 45% increase in cost.[34]
In 2016, PMOrbán confirmed that Hungary will meet its NATO obligations by increasing its defense spending to about 2 percent of GDP. The official government "Zrínyi 2026" program of upgrading military equipment is scheduled to last until 2026, but the timeline has been expanded until 2030–2032.[35][36] New purchased and ordered equipment so far includes newCZ BREN 2 assault rifles (to be manufactured locally),helicopters,transport and trainer aircraft, tanks,armored vehicles,radars and surface-to-air missiles.
Hungary ordered 20H145M and 16H225M in 2018.[37][38] All H145M aircraft had been delivered by the end of 2021. H225M are expected to arrive between 2023 and 2024.
In early 2019 the first batch ofCarl Gustaf M4s has arrived, starting to replace the oldRPG-7s.[39]
In late 2019, Hungary signed a contract for 44Leopard 2 A7+ tanks and 24PzH 2000 howitzers for €300 million to be delivered in 2021 to 2025. In 2020 Hungary andRheinmetall Group have signed a contract to start manufacturing theLynx infantry fighting vehicle family in Hungary. Estimated to start arriving around 2024–2025, the first batch of 200+ Lynx vehicles are expected to reach operational capability in the Hungarian Defence Forces by 2026-2027[40][41]
In 2020 the Hungarian airforce ordered twoKC-390 cargo and tanker aircraft to be delivered in 2023 and 2024.[42] This yearKongsberg andRaytheon were awarded a 410 million EUR contract by Hungary forNASAMS surface-to air missile systems.[43] 11ELM-2084 radars were also ordered in late 2020.[44] TheMistral SAM system has been upgraded: new M3 missiles were purchased and both the launchers and the MCPs were modernized.[45]
In 2021Spike LR2 anti-tank missiles has been ordered, mainly for the Lynx IFVs.[46] In August 2021 contract has been signed with SAAB to upgrade the Hungarian Gripen fleet to the MS20 Block 2 standard. This upgrade greatly increases both Gripen's combat and communication capabilities, as well as access to a wide range of weapons that can be integrated on Hungarian Air Force Gripen fighters.[47] The cutting edgeIRIS-T missile has been also ordered in 2021.[48]Meteor andGBU-49 is planned to be purchased for the Gripen's arsenal. There is a plan to also set up a second fighter squadron, but it has not been confirmed.[49]
The Hungarian Defence Forces currently takes part in the following international missions:[50]
Other missions include:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon,EUNAVFOR MED,MINURSO andEUMM
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
