Construction began in 2012 with the groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, and the first phase opened on March 15, 2019. Agreements between various entities, including thelocal government, theMetropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), and the state of New York, made the development possible. Upon completion, structures on theWest Side ofMidtown South would sit on a platform built over theWest Side Yard, a storage yard forLong Island Rail Road trains (hence the development's name). The first of its two phases comprises a public green space and eight structures that contain residences, a hotel, office buildings, a mall, and a cultural facility. The special zoning for Hudson Yards (an area roughly bound by 30th Street in the south, 41st Street in the north,11th Avenue in the west, andEighth Avenue in the east) further incentivized the building of other large-scale projects. Hudson Yards is adjacent but unrelated toManhattan West,3 Hudson Boulevard, andThe Spiral.
The eastern portion of the site, developed as Phase 1, is located between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. It contains three office towers onTenth Avenue, two of which have a retail podium between them. Phase 1 also includesThe Shed performing arts center, a public plaza, theVessel sculpture, and three residential skyscrapers on Eleventh Avenue.[4] Developers plan to build Phase 2, the western portion of the development, above tracks between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues. Phase 2 will provide additional office and residential space.[5]
The 52-story, 895-foot (273 m) 10 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 30th Street, along the southeastern corner of Phase 1. It opened in 2016.[6] Ground was broken for the building on December 4, 2012.[1] Construction began with 10 Hudson Yards as it was not built over railroad tracks. However, 10 Hudson Yards does straddle theHigh Line spur toTenth Avenue.[7] 10 Hudson Yards opened on May 31, 2016,[6] and was the first structure in the Hudson Yards development to be occupied by tenants.[8] Companies with offices in the building includeL'Oreal,BCG,Coach,SAP,Intercept Pharmaceuticals,VaynerMedia, andSidewalk Labs.[9] Early on during construction, Coach purchased a stake in the building, which was sold back to Related toward the end of construction.[10] Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the building.[11]
15 Hudson Yards, originally proposed as Tower D, is located on Eleventh Avenue and West 30th Street, near Phase 1's southwestern corner. The building connects to a semi-permanent structure, a performance and arts space known asThe Shed.[12] 15 Hudson Yards started construction in December 2014,[13] was topped out in February 2018, and opened in early 2019. When completed, 15 Hudson Yards included 285 residential units.[14] Its original design, with a pronounced "corset" at the middle of the tower's height, attracted attention.[15][16] 15 Hudson Yards[17] is designed byDiller Scofidio + Renfro (Lead Architect) andRockwell Group (Interior Architect).[18]
The Shed is an arts center housed in the Bloomberg Building,[19] a three-story structure adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards. The space is focused on providing cultural programming, and is maintained by an organization of the same name.[20] Its most prominent feature is a retractable "shell" that wraps around its roof and its northern and southern facades.[21][22] The Shed opened on April 5, 2019.[23]
Construction began after caissons were sunk to support the platform over the tracks, the latter of which was raised 12 to 27 feet (4 to 8 m) above ground level, at the same elevation as the High Line.[28] 30 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019.[29][30][31] Edge observation deck on the building's 100th floor opened in March 2020.[32]
35 Hudson Yards is located at Eleventh Avenue and 33rd Street. Construction on the building's foundation was started in January 2015,[33] and it topped out in June 2018.[34] 35 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019.[29][30][31] The mixed-use building contains 137 condominiums, anEquinox brand hotel, anEquinox brand gym, medical offices, and retail space.[34][35]David Childs, the chairman ofSkidmore, Owings & Merrill, contributed the designs.[36]
Work on the 985-foot (300 m)-tall[37] 50 Hudson Yards, located at Tenth Avenue between 33rd and34th Streets, began in May 2018,[38] with construction completed in 2022.[39] Designed byFoster + Partners, 50 Hudson Yards is New York City's fourth largest commercial office tower at 2.9 million square feet (270,000 m2).[2]
The 780-foot-tall (240 m), 1.3-million-square-foot (120,000 m2) 55 Hudson Yards, located at Eleventh Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets, was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Roche-Dinkeloo, which is the first collaborative effort between the two firms.[3][48] To lower costs and allow flexibility during the build, construction emphasized the use of concrete over steel.[49]
55 Hudson Yards started construction on January 22, 2015,[50] and topped out in August 2017.[51] Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92.09 percent stake in the building. Like 50 Hudson Yards, 55 is not located over the rail yard, and was not included in the original master plan as created by KPF.Cooley, a law firm, occupies 130,000 square feet (12,000 m2) across five stories.[52] Another law firm,Milbank, occupies 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2).[53] American cryptocurrency trading platformCoinbase sublets 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) fromPoint72 Asset Management in the building.[54]
Construction on 70 Hudson Yards, located on Hudson Boulevard between 35th and 36th Street and directly adjacent to the No. 7 subway, broke ground in June 2025. Designed by Gensler and Roger Ferris + Partners and interiors by INC, 70 Hudson Yards will rise 717 feet (219 m) and span 1,400,000 feet (430,000 m).[55][56][57]
Phase 1 included a seven-story mall with 100 shops and 20 restaurants, called the Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards. It has 1 million square feet (93,000 m2) of space.[28][33]
In September 2014,Neiman Marcus signed to become the anchor tenant of the Hudson Yards Retail Space.[58] The retail space, designed byKohn Pedersen Fox andElkus Manfredi Architects[59][60] with a connection to the bases of 10 and 30 Hudson Yards, started construction in June 2015,[33][61] with a 100,000-short-ton (91,000,000 kg) order of steel, one of the largest such orders in the history of the United States.[62] The mall opened on March 15, 2019.[30][31][63]
The Neiman Marcus store occupied the top 3 levels and1⁄4 of the mall, or 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) before it was converted to office space.[58][64][65] There is fine dining on the fifth through seventh floors as well as more casual fare on the second through fourth floors.[66] The mall is anchored byDior as a ground floor tenant, with "a 'Fifth Avenue' mix of shops", such asH&M andZara, below them.[33] Tenants at the Shops at Hudson Yards include retailers such asUniqlo,Edge,Alo Yoga,Bulgari,Monica Rich Kosann,Mango, andPanerai.[67][68][69] The Shops at Hudson Yards also has dining options, includingShake Shack andEataly Caffè, and theEdge attraction.[67][69]
In November 2023, it was announced that the top three stories of the former Neiman Marcus store would be repurposed into 445,000 square feet of office space for Wells Fargo. Designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and developed by Related Companies, the new space will accommodate 2,300 employees. As of June 2024, the facade of 20 Hudson Yards has begun its replacement process.[70][71]
Four new restaurants were opened in 2025: Sailor's Choice, NAYA,José Andrés’ Oyamel (10 Hudson Yards), and Eataly Caffè (20 Hudson Yards).[72][73][74]
There is a 5-acre (2 ha) public square,[75] with 28,000 plants and 225 trees,[76] on the platform.[28] The public square is a ventilation area for the West Side Yards, as well as a storm water runoff site. Storm water that runs off into the square is reused throughout the development.[4] Because it is located on top of an active rail yard, the public square is located over a 6-foot (1.8 m) deepplenum above a cooling slab with 15 fans blowing air at 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) and a 60,000-US-gallon (230,000 L; 50,000 imp gal) rainwater storage tank. The entire platform is supported by 234caissons. The plantings are rooted within "smart soil".[33][76] The plaza opened along with the mall on March 15, 2019.[63][30][31]
Vessel, a permanent art installation designed byThomas Heatherwick, is located at the center of the plaza. The installation, a 16-story freestanding structure of connected staircases, cost US$150 million.[77][78] Heatherwick took inspiration from Indian step wells in the design.[79]Stephen M. Ross has compared the structure to theEiffel Tower,[80] and it has also been informally dubbedTheShawarma.[81]Vessel opened on March 15, 2019.[63] After three suicides at the Vessel, Related closed the structure temporarily in January 2021.[82][83]Vessel reopened in May 2021, with a rule requiring visitors to come in groups and a new ticket fee for most visitors,[84][85] butVessel was closed again in July 2021.[86][87]Vessel reopened in October 2024 with new safety measures, including floor-to-ceiling steel mesh barriers.[88]
Hudson Residences buildingLantern House under construction in March 2019
The Hudson Yards development sits directly west of the second-largest project in the area: Manhattan West, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) mixed-use multi-building development also built above previously exposed rail yards.[89][90] Two large-scale, single-building office developments border the eastern portion of Hudson Yards. The larger, known asThe Spiral, is owned by Tishman Speyer.[91] The smaller development is known as3 Hudson Boulevard.[92]
Several existing or planned residential buildings border Phase 1. Related owns three:One Hudson Yards,Abington House and 451 Tenth Avenue.[93] Despite sharing a developer, these buildings are distinct from the main Hudson Yards project.[94]
Another Related development also on the West Side, originally dubbed "Hudson Residences", was under construction at the same time as Hudson Yards.[95] The project consists of two residential buildings, one designed by Thomas Heatherwick, the other by Robert A.M. Stern Architects.[96]
601 West 29th Street[97] and606 West 30th Street are under construction south of the two Related developments.[98] Despite the involvement of two separate real estate companies, they are being developed together due to their proximity.[98]
In 2020,Spitzer Enterprises andRelated Companies received $276 million in loans for a 526-unit housing development in Hudson Yards at 451 10th Avenue.[99] The building, also given the address 455 10th Avenue, includes a mix of "upscale urban senior living communities" and executive apartments.[100] The senior living and executive apartments are respectively be marketed under the brands "The Coterie" and "The Set".[101][102] Handel Architects designed 451 10th Avenue.[103]
In October 2021, Related purchased 99.9% stakes in three sites owned by Spitzer Enterprises at 511 West 35th Street, 506 West 36th Street, and 512 West 36th Street.[104]
Several developers and other entities proposed uses for the rail yard during the 20th century. In 1956,William Zeckendorf suggested the construction of the "Freedom Tower", which would have risen 1,750 feet (530 m),[105] making it the tallest building in the world at the time.[106] Transportation to the new complex would have been via a "passengerconveyor belt" from further east in Midtown. Zeckendorf never purchased the rights, as he was unable to secure financing for the deal, given that large-scale speculative real estate projects were not an asset class that institutional investors and lenders took an interest in at the time.[107] The administration of MayorRobert F. Wagner Jr. released a $670 million development plan in 1963, which was ultimately never realized.[108]
In the 1980s, both theJets and theYankees proposed new stadiums above the rails, though none of these projects succeeded. Another ultimately unsuccessful plan for a new stadium for the Yankees was proposed above the West Side Yard in 1993.[109] A similar plan for a Yankee stadium above the West Side Yard was proposed in 1996,[110] and was endorsed by mayorRudy Giuliani.[111] However, the plan also received opposition from many other public figures,[111] and was also not built.[109]
By the early 2000s, plans for the rail yard included a newOlympic stadium,[112] to become the home of the Jets after the games ended.[113] Proposers dubbed the structure the "New York Sports and Convention Center". In addition to the stadium, rezoning the adjacent area would have incentivized the construction of some 13,000 new residential units and 28 million square feet (2,600,000 m2) of office space.[114][115] This effort, led byDaniel Doctoroff, was unpopular with the public and politicians.[116]
In January 2005, theNew York City Council approved the 60-block rezoning, including the eastern portion of the West Side Yard.[117]Michael Bloomberg, then the city's mayor, subsequently separated the city's broader rezoning plans from the rail yard stadium.[118][119] In conjunction with the city, theMetropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a 12.7-million-square-foot (1,180,000 m2) mixed-use development to be built on platforms over the rail yard, which would remain in use throughout.[120]
The MTA received three bids to cap and lease the rail yard.Cablevision (the owner of the nearbyMadison Square Garden), theNew York Jets organization, andTransGas Energy all submitted proposals.[121] The Jets won the development rights, but several lawsuits filed after the bidding process alleged they won without paying a fair price.[122] In June 2005,New York State Assembly speakerSheldon Silver voted against the stadium, definitively eliminating the possibility of support at the state level and the possibility of the stadium's construction.[123] Although Bloomberg and others expressed doubts about interest in the area from real estate companies after the stadium fell through, development nevertheless continued.[124] The former mayor later expressed that the loss of the stadium may have been a "blessing" for New York.[125]
The MTA received proceeds from the development's 2006 bond offering to pay foran extension of theNew York City Subway's7 and <7> trains to34th Street–Hudson Yards station.[126] With funding assured, the MTA proceeded quickly to construct the extension.[127] The first construction contracts were awarded in October 2007,[128][129] and the subway extension opened on September 13, 2015.[130][131]
Brookfield'sSkidmore, Owings and Merrill-designed master plan known as "Hudson Place" and "Hudson Green" proposed constructing 15 towers (four office and 11 residential/hotel) that would range in height from 300 feet (91 m) to 1,280 feet (390 m). The buildings would include 7.4 million square feet (690,000 m2) of office space and 4,000 residential units, including 400 devoted to affordable housing.[135] "Hudson Place" encompassed the office component covering the eastern portion of the railyards while "Hudson Green" was residential-focused and planned for the western railyards.[136] Individual towers would have been designed bySHoP Architects,SANAA,Thomas Phifer,Handel Architects, andDiller Scofidio + Renfro.[137][138] The development would have also included two hotels, a cultural center, school, two parks (4.4 acres for Hudson Green and 3.4 acres for Hudson Place), and 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of space for theChildren's Museum of Manhattan.[139]
Durst and Vornado hiredFXCollaborative andCésar Pelli to design a development named "Hudson Center" which would have included 13 towers ranging from 250 feet (76 m) to 1,200 feet (370 m) tall.[139] The development would be split between 6 million square feet (560,000 m2) of office space and 6,500 residential units, 600 of which would have been affordable. The developers also would have included 12 acres of open space and a subterraneanpeople mover system connecting the complex to Penn Station.[135][140] Media companyCondé Nast agreed to anchor the development by taking all 1.5 million square feet (140,000 m2) of office space in the largest office tower and move from their headquarters at Durst's4 Times Square in 2015.[141][142]
Extell, in a master plan designed bySteven Holl, proposed 11 towers with just two featuring office space and the rest devoted to 3,812 residential units.[135] The company's proposal also featured 19.5 acres of outdoor space including an outdooramphitheatre and asculpture garden named afterSol LeWitt.[139] The company also would have built a newferry terminal on the Hudson River as well as a Long Island Rail Road stop at the site.[140] Extell's proposal was fundamentally different than the others as they proposed constructing a suspension deck over the rail yards similar to asuspension bridge rather than thetruss structure every other developer proposed.[141] Extell claimed this method would be more cost-effective but the suspension structure also would not have been strong enough to support large buildings. Due to this, all of Extell's proposed towers were clustered at the edges of the site in order to sit on solid ground while the deck itself would hold only the proposal's open spaces and park. Other unique aspects included a central reservoir to collect stormwater, a geothermal cooling system, and cogeneration which together would reduce energy use by almost 50%.[143] Writing inThe Wall Street Journal,Ada Louise Huxtable praised the proposal, writing that it "could have the unity, character and potential beauty of aRockefeller Center."[141]The New York Times added to the praise, writing that the "proposal is the only one worth serious consideration."[137]
Related's initial proposal envisioned 13 towers split between 3 office building and 10 residential structures. The company divided the space between 6.7 million square feet (620,000 m2) of office space and 4,962 residential units.[135] The towers would have varied in height from 350 feet (110 m) to 1,100 feet (340 m) and been designed by a diverse array of architects includingArquitectonica,Robert A. M. Stern, and Kohn Pedersen Fox.[141] Proposed amenities included a school,winter garden, and 15.1 acres of open space.[139] Related also secured a commitment fromRupert Murdoch'sNews Corporation to move their headquarters into one of the new office towers at the development.[141] However, News Corporation later pulled out of the deal which led Related to bid only on the residential-focused Western railyard rather than the entire site. Due to this, the MTA disqualified the Related bid.[144]
Tishman Speyer's bid, designed byHelmut Jahn, covered 11 towers centered on four large office towers surrounded by seven smaller residential buildings. Two of the office towers would have stood at 900 feet (270 m) while the other two would be taller at 1,100 feet (340 m) with the accompanying residential buildings varying between 400 feet (120 m) and 570 feet (170 m) tall.[139] The company's bid was the most office-focused with plans featuring 10.6 million square feet (980,000 m2) of commercial space and 3,000 residential units.[135] The proposed buildings would total over 12 million square feet (1,100,000 m2) of space with 13 acres of open space and also include 379 units of affordable housing.[145] Investment bankMorgan Stanley would have occupied all 3 million square feet (280,000 m2) of office space in both the taller office towers as the company's headquarters and also would have provided equity and debt financing for the project.[146]
Tishman Speyer, a New York-based real estate conglomerate, won the bid in March 2008.[147] Tishman Speyer won a $1 billion bid to lease and cap the West Side Yard, with payment due as annual rent over a 99-year period.[148] It would also spend another $2 billion for development over the rail yards, including for the two platforms over the yards to support 15 acres (6.1 ha) of public spaces, four office buildings, and ten high-rise residential towers.[147] Tishman had secured the investment bankMorgan Stanley as both an anchor tenant and financial backer.[149]
Two months later, the deal broke down when Morgan Stanley pulled out due to the2008 financial crisis.[150] Subsequently, the MTA chose the Related Companies andGoldman Sachs to develop Hudson Yards under the same conditions.[148][151] Related's revised plan included 13 buildings encompassing 12 million square feet of space including 2,154 rental apartments, 20% of which would be affordable. Other components included 2,619 condominiums, 5.5 million square feet (510,000 m2) of offices, a hotel, about 757,000 square feet (70,300 m2) of retail, a school and a 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2) cultural facility.[144]
In December 2009, theNew York City Council approved Related Companies' revised plan for Hudson Yards, and the western portion of the West Side Yard was rezoned.[120] Following the rail yards' successful rezoning, the MTA signed another 99-year lease to the air rights over the rail yard in May 2010. The air rights were signed over to a joint venture of Related Companies andOxford Properties Group, which invested $400 million to build a platform above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings.[120][152]
In April 2013, the Related/Oxford joint venture obtained a $475 million construction loan from parties includingBarry Sternlicht'sStarwood Capital Group and luxury retailerCoach. The financing deal was unique in several aspects, including the fact that it included a construction mezzanine loan, that Coach was a lender on both the debt and equity sides,[153] and that the MTA reused a "severable lease" structure (previously used byBattery Park City) that allowed for the loans. A portion of the project was also financed by theEB-5 investment program.[154]
The groundbreaking for10 Hudson Yards, which was not built on the platform, occurred on December 4, 2012. At that event, the start of construction was also announced for30 Hudson Yards.[155][156] No tenants had been secured for any building in the complex when construction started on 10 Hudson Yards. However, three tenants—L'Oreal,Coach, andSAP—were announced in 2013.[157]
In October 2013, New York's Industrial Development Agency granted Related a $328 million tax exemption for 20 and 30 Hudson Yards, in addition to the previously approved $106 million exemption for 10 Hudson Yards.[158] Shortly after, Related announced construction would begin on the platform covering the eastern railyards in January 2014 and cost $721 million.[159] Construction on the platform began in March 2014 after Related secured a $250 million loan fromDeutsche Bank.[160] The erection of the platform was necessary in order to start construction on 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards.[161][162] The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015, and the western platform was completed by 2016.[4] In anticipation of the completion of the structures at Hudson Yards, the section of theHigh Line elevated park adjacent to the development opened in September 2014.[163][164][165] After several delays in the completion of the 34th Street subway station,[166] the station opened the following September.[167] However, the first building in the complex, 10 Hudson Yards, did not open until May 31, 2016.[6]
Groundbreaking occurred for15 Hudson Yards in December 2014,[13] and work on35 Hudson Yards and55 Hudson Yards both started the following month.[33][50] Construction onThe Shed, adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards, began in mid-2015 after its pilings were completed.[168][4] A 16-story,honeycomb-shaped structure with stairwells namedVessel, in the center of Hudson Yards' public plaza, was unveiled to the public in September 2016.[169] The pieces ofVessel were fabricated off-site and were brought to Hudson Yards for assembly starting in April 2017.[170][171] Work on the final building in the first phase, 50 Hudson Yards, began in May 2018.[38]
Further construction, August 2018
55 Hudson Yards topped out in August 2017,[51] while 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards all topped out in 2018.[14][34] All four structures were opened on March 14, 2019, as were the Shed, shopping center, andVessel.[63] In addition, neither the High Line nor the 34th Street station were completed at the time of their respective openings. A second entrance to the 34th Street station was opened in September 2018,[172] while the High Line spur adjacent to 10 Hudson Yards opened in June 2019.[173][174]
Beginning in late 2017, unions working at the site alleged that the developers "continue[d] to look for deeper and deeper concessions" in their negotiations, and begin organizing a campaign referred to as "#CountMeIn".[175][176] Their push to change the site to anopen shop has affected the second phase of construction, on the western yard,[177] despite meetings between labor leaderGary LaBarbera and Related executive Bruce Beal Jr.[178]
Edge observation deck on the 100th floor of 30 Hudson Yards had opened on March 11, 2020, but the onset of theCOVID-19 pandemic in New York City caused Related to close Edge two days later.[32][179] The restaurant on the 101st floor of the same building, Peak, also opened on March 11 but closed the following day after a staff member contracted COVID-19.[180] In April 2020,The Wall Street Journal reported that condominium sales had slowed due to the pandemic.[181] TheJournal also noted a downturn in retail rent collections at the development. This decline occurred in part due to unique contracts between Related and its tenants, which meant the developer collected income based on sales, rather than traditional fixed payments.[181] In May 2020, theFinancial Times noted the development had become a "ghost town".[182]
The Wall Street Journal reported in July that the Hudson Yards Neiman Marcus location, the flagship of the development's retail offerings, would close.[183] Related opted to turn the Neiman Marcus store into offices instead of a store.[184] Thomas Keller closed his TAK restaurant in the complex in August 2020.[185] The Hudson Yards mall reopened in September 2020, thoughBloomberg noted few visitors.[186] The Edge observation deck also reopened that month.[187][188]
Despite the closures,Barclays reportedly considered Hudson Yards as a location for a new American headquarters in late 2020.[189][190] Additionally,BlackRock indicated in early 2021 that it still intended to move its headquarters to 50 Hudson Yards in 2022 or 2023.[191] It joinedErnst and Young in companies relocating to Hudson Yards by 2024.[192] Due to the financial problems caused by the pandemic, Related has sought a low-interest loan from the Department of Transportation to cap the western yard, the first step in beginning the project's second phase.[193] A 2023 study fromThe Real Deal magazine found that rental rates for Class A office space, the highest class of offices, were twice the rates for Class B office space.[194] As a result, its developers were paying the city government $200 million more annually than the city had anticipated.[195]
By early 2024, more than 90 percent of the office space at Hudson Yards was occupied, including all of the space in several buildings. Additionally, average monthly visits increased 19 percent year-on-year and over 80 percent of employees at Hudson Yards worked in-person between Monday and Thursday, triple the comparable rate citywide.[192][196] In 2025,Deloitte leased much of the space at 70 Hudson Yards, allowing work on that building to begin; at the time, 70 Hudson Yards was to be completed in 2027–2028.[197][198] The building was to have 47 stories and would be located on Hudson Boulevard East between 35th and 36th Streets.[199]
Hudson Yards hosted the 2024 Stonewall Day benefit concert, with proceeds supporting the Stonewall National Monument. Cynthia Erivo headlined the show and other featured performers included Conchita Wurst, Lina Bradford, and Loren Allred.[200] In September 2024, Hudson Yards, through a partnership withWME andIMG, hostedNew York Fashion Week runway shows.[201]
The western portion ofWest Side Yard, visible in the foreground, is the site for the proposed Phase 2
The western portion of the yard is bordered by 30th Street and 33rd Street in the north and south, and Eleventh and Twelfth avenues in the east and west. The western phase of the project was originally to contain up to seven residential towers, an office building at 33rd Street and Eleventh Avenue tentatively known as "West Tower", and a school serving Pre-K to eighth grade students.[4] The third phase of the High Line will traverse Phase 2 of the project.[12] According toArchitectural Digest magazine,Santiago Calatrava,Robert A.M. Stern Architects,Thomas Heatherwick, andFrank Gehry are involved in the design of the second phase's residential towers.[202][203] Related Companies had previously commissioned works from Stern,[204] Heatherwick,[205][206] and Gehry.[207]
Work on the platform to cover the second half of the tracks was originally scheduled to begin in 2018;[208][209] however, construction was later rescheduled to begin in 2019.[30] Around $500 million of financing for Phase 2 was approved in mid-2018.[210]
In late 2022, multiple sources reported that Related had entered into a partnership withWynn Resorts to attempt to develop anintegrated resort with a casino on the western yard, presumably replacing earlier plans.[213][214] The next year, it was announced that the plan would include a "'resort' tower", developed with Wynn, as well as a casino and hotel. The plan includes a previously unannounced 2-million-square-foot office tower, as well as a previously disclosed apartment building, school, and park.[215][216] This plan would require that the partnership secure one of several available licenses, issued by New York state, for casinos in New York City and its surroundings.[213][217] Competitors for the casino licenses included a joint venture betweenSL Green Realty andCaesars Entertainment,Soloviev Group, and other bidders.[218]
The 1,189 feet (362 m) proposed hotel, located west of 11th Avenue, would have been 80 stories tall and would have included 1,500 or 1,750 rooms,[219] making it one oflargest hotels in New York City if built.[220] In March 2024, Wynn Resorts released renderings of the proposed resort and other components of the western portion of the project.[221][222] In July 2024, the non-profit groupFriends of the High Line claimed that the plan to build a 20-story podium and skyscraper on the western section of the site would overwhelm the park.[223][224] In response, a revised plan was presented in mid-2024, with 5.6 acres (2.3 ha) of public green space.[224][225] In January 2025,Manhattan Community Board 4 completed a non-binding vote to recommend that the casino not be approved.[226] Manhattan Borough PresidentMark Levine also opposed zoning changes for the casino in favor of adding more housing; the new proposal reduces the number of total residential units, though with the same number of affordable units.[227][228] Despite this opposition, the project secured approval from the City Planning Commission in April 2025.[229][230] Later that month, Wynn and Related added 2,500 apartments to the proposal, increasing the amount of proposed housing units in the area to 4,000.[231][232] Wynn Resorts canceled the Wynn New York City proposal when they withdrew their bid for a downstate New York casino license on May 19, citing community opposition and complex zoning laws. Wynn would instead focus on their existing properties and their upcomingWynn Al Marjan Island development.[233][234]
In May 2025, Related announced their new development plans for the western portion of the Hudson Yards. Under this plan, 4,000 housing units would be built and a new office building would be included. A 6.6-acre (2.7 ha) public park would surround the new development.[235][236][237] That June, Related and New York City mayorEric Adams announced that 625 of the new apartments would be affordable and that, in addition to the park, there would be a daycare and a 750-student public school.[238][239] The City Council subsequently rezoned the western part of Hudson Yards to allow for the new development.[240] That September, the state offered Related $2 billion for the development of the western part of Hudson Yards, which would cover the cost of a platform, rent payments to the MTA for the use ofair rights, and some funding for a new school on the site.[241]
30th Street staging area for construction equipment and materials
The Hudson Yards development stands atop a platform that is bordered by 10th and 12th Avenues and by 30th and 33rd Streets.[242][243] In 2014, it was expected to cost more than $20 billion[244] and was projected to eventually see 65,000 visitors a day.[245] Construction on the platform began in March 2014.[161][162] Construction was overseen byRelated Companies' executive vice president, Timur Galen.[246]
The 28-acre (11 ha) Hudson Yards project[28][247] is located in theHudson Yards area of Manhattan, between theChelsea andHell's Kitchen neighborhoods.[248] It was constructed over the existing at-gradeWest Side Yard, allowingLIRR trains to continue to be stored during midday hours.[249] To minimize construction impact on the LIRR's ability to store trains during midday and peak hours, caissons were drilled into bedrock throughout much of the site, over which the platform was to be built.[249] However, only 38% of the ground level at West Side Yard was to be filled in with columns to support the development.[250] Much of the platform itself was built by a hugeManitowoc 18000 crane.[251] The eastern platform, supporting the towers, comprises 16 bridges.[252] The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015, and the western part of the platform was completed the following year.[4]
In 2013,Amtrak announced it would build a "tunnel box" through the project areas to reserve the space for a future railright-of-way such as the proposedGateway Project.[253][254] Construction began September 2013 and took two years.[255] The underground concrete casing is 800 ft (240 m) long, 50 ft (15 m) wide, and approximately 35 ft (11 m) tall.[256]
Projected to cost $25 billion upon its completion, Hudson Yards is one of the most expensive real estate developments ever built in the United States,[257][258] and the largest private development in the country's history.[259] Under the terms of their agreement with Oxford, Related retains a 60 percent stake in the complex.[260] Related develops and subsequently retains ownership of rental buildings it constructs, meaning it has a large portfolio of affordable rental properties that provide consistent income.[261] Initial funding came exclusively from Related and partner Goldman Sachs. After Goldman exited this arrangement, Related and its new partner, Oxford, secured a number of capital sources.[262][263] These include conventional lenders, such asWells Fargo, foreign investors through theEB-5 program, and a debt raise on theTel Aviv Stock Exchange.[262] Other lenders includeThe Children's Investment Fund Foundation,Deutsche Bank, andAllianz. As of September 2017, Related had raised about $18 billion in funds.[264]
Related has also received or otherwise benefited from $6 billion in investments and tax breaks from the city in conjunction with Hudson Yards' construction.[265] WhileThe New York Times described the $6 billion as comprising numerous "tax breaks", a columnist forCrain's New York Business disputed this statement, saying, "There are two significant tax breaks which the New School totals at a little more than $1.36 billion", and that the rest of the investment was in infrastructure such as parks and the 7 Subway Extension.[266] The $6 billion sum includes:
$1.6 billion given byEmpire State Development Corporation to Hudson Yards. The agency, which distributes funding through geographical districts, classified Hudson Yards as being in the same "economically troubled area" as the sparsely populatedCentral Park and low-income housing developments inHarlem, thereby qualifying the project for EB-5 funds.[267]
Funds for infrastructure projects that will serve the new development, including:
$2.4 billion spent on the 7 Subway Extension project.[265]
An additional $1 billion was given to other developers who were building nearby projects.[265]
In 2023,New York City ComptrollerBrad Lander publicly stated onNY1 News that "Hudson Yards is giving about $200 million more a year than we expected" and that the number is going "to grow to $300 million." Lander also admitted that he "got it wrong" and that "the Hudson yards mega-project was not the money-for-the-rich boondoggle he and so many naysayers claimed it was doomed to be."[268]
10 Hudson Yards is occupied by Tapestry Inc., theBoston Consulting Group, L'Oréal, SAP, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, VaynerMedia, and Sidewalk Labs.[6][9][269][270]
30 Hudson Yards is occupied by Warner Brothers Discovery, Covington & Burling, Susquehanna International Group (SIG), DNB Bank, Wells Fargo Securities, and KKR.[25][26][27][271][272]
50 Hudson Yards, which opened in 2022,[273] hosts the corporate headquarters ofBlackRock and Meta.[41][42] It also features Truist Financial, Russ & Daughters and Starbucks as tenants.[44][45][46]
The Shops at Hudson Yards include retailers and businesses such as: Uniqlo, Shake Shack, Edge, Alo Yoga, Bulgari, Monica Rich Kosann, Mango, Eataly, and Panerai.[67][68][69]
Joe Patrice, writing forAbove the Law, noted that with the move of Cooley LLP to 55 Hudson Yards from theGrace Building there was an "official trend" of law firms moving to the new office buildings on the far West Side.[276] This move westward follows a trend from earlier in the 21st century, when firms began moving from parts ofMidtown such as the Plaza District toTimes Square and other areas with new office towers.[277]
A number of financial firms have left offices in Midtown or theFinancial District for the development.[278] Following speculation thatprivate equity companyKKR might move to Hudson Yards, other finance-focused companies became more interested in the possibility of relocating there. KKR's long-time occupancy at theSolow Building in Midtown produced a similar effect, asApollo Global Management,Och-Ziff Capital Management, andSilver Lake Partners had also taken space in the Midtown building.[279] KKR ultimately decided to move to 30 Hudson Yards; Silver Lake announced it would leave the Solow Building for 55 Hudson Yards in 2017 after speculation it would do so.[279][280]BlackRock, another major financial company, signed on as an anchor tenant at 50 Hudson Yards, where it occupies 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2).[40]Financial Times wrote that Hudson Yards "is the boldest expression of a new fashion in corporate real estate that buildings and 'space' should be potent weapons in a fight to recruit and retain talented young workers."[281]
Equinox Fitness also operates the world's largest Equinox-branded gym at 35 Hudson Yards.[278]
Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the site's master plan, as well as four individual buildings: 10, 30, and 55 Hudson Yards and the shopping center. Firms and individual architects working on distinct buildings did not meet to produce a uniform aesthetic or review the plans for individual buildings together. Two architects involved in the project,Thomas Woltz and Bill Pedersen, have respectively compared the relationship between the buildings to "mastodons, pineapples, sheds, swizzlesticks and bubble mats" and "elephants dancing".[282]
Justin Davidson, writing forNew York in 2018, referred to 10 Hudson Yards as "taller, fatter, and greener" than historical New York City skyscrapers, despite more staid interiors with typical open floor plans and corresponding curtain wall.[283] Davidson later compared Hudson Yards unfavorably to Manhattan West, writing that the Brookfield development "[...] feels like a corner of New York conceived with actual human beings in mind" while Hudson Yards "[...] has aged from a shiny new space station to a disconsolate one".[284]
New York Times architecture critic Michael Kimmelman called Hudson Yards a "gated community" catering to the upper-class, writing: "A relic of dated 2000s thinking, nearly devoid of urban design, it declines to blend into the city grid."[285]The Guardian's architecture and design critic, Oliver Wainwright, said that "the real shock is that it's quite so bad", and that the new buildings represented "ungainly lumps", with the logic of design "presenting a mostly blank frontage of service hatches and lift lobbies to the city".[286]
In a review of the restaurant offerings at Hudson Yards written in anticipation of the complex opening to the public, Ryan Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for including only two establishments run by women[287] and for failing to provide opportunities for small, local operators to open in Hudson Yards, instead leasing to restaurateurs and organizations which had already experienced "great success".[287]
When Mercado Little Spain ultimately opened in 2019,Eater published a mixed review of its offerings, written by Robert Sietsema.[288] In a separate review by Sutton of the opened complex, published in 2019, the critic referred to Hudson Yards as "the worst place to eat fancy food in New York".[289]
The Equinox Hotel received a positive review fromVanity Fair in 2022.[290] Samantha Lewis praised the hotel for its emphasis on providing guests with "blissful slumber".[290] The hotel's restaurant, Electric Lemon, has received an "underwhelming" review from Pete Wells.[291]
In September 2023,Florence Fabricant of theNew York Times noted that BondSt Hudson Yards, a “hot spot for sushi and celebrities,” was “bigger, grander” and “splashier” than its original location inNoHo.[292] Fabricant went on to review the recently opened Locanda Verde location In November 2024, stating that “new and improved” is “the best way to describe this Hudson Yards location”. The two-story Locande Verde features artwork byRobert De Niro Sr. and is located on street level.[293]Pete Wells included Hudson Yards’ Mercado Little Spain on theNew York Times’ 100 Best Restaurants in New York City in 2024 list.[294]
The Hudson Yards development has had mixed public approval. TheNew York Times questioned if New York City needed another "gated community", which alludes to the premium nature of the development, shops and condominium offerings.[295] Bridget Read wrote forCurbed in 2022 that "the broad public benefit from the largest real-estate development in American history has not yet materialized".[296] A study byThe New School found that Hudson Yards had cost city residents an additional $2.2 billion in taxes, even though the project was supposed to have been self-financed.[296][297] However, by June 2023, the New York City Comptroller found that Hudson Yards significantly increased its contributions to city taxes – "$200 million more a year than we expected.[196]
ComedianConner O'Malley released a video titled "Hudson Yards Video Game" which was perceived as critical of the project.[298][299]
Recently, the development's public perception has shifted, with locals commenting that "Hudson Yards had to really change to be geared towards a local population." This involved leaning "into the community idea" by bringing in a barbershop, a cobbler and wine store, and a day spa.[196]
Retailers say the visitor mix today is "a balance among local residents, both American and international tourists, and the office workers who occupy the more than 7 million square feet of commercial real estate at the development."[196]
Street vendors who have legally[300] operated on public property near the development since before its opening allege they have been the targets of harassment from security employed by Related and the NYPD.[301] Related has installed landscaping with the alleged intention of depriving the vendors of adequate space to place their carts.[301] Related first installed new tree pits, leaving space for one cart, and later placed a large planter in the final available space.[301]
After receiving summonses from NYPD officers in May 2021—contravening a policy removing police from enforcing vendor compliance with laws—the vendors organized a protest. This protest was supported by Manhattan Borough PresidentGale Brewer.[300]
Hudson Yards sits within Manhattan's100-year floodplain, and the rail lines have previously been flooded despite preventive measures. Given that the bulk of the new structures would rise from an already elevated platform, the development is above the floodplain, and most mechanical systems are similarly raised. In addition, new elevator pits would be made waterproof.[302]
Klaus Jacob, a professor atColumbia University, has stated approval of the project stems from the "shortsightedness of decision-making" by its developers and the city in the face of impending climate change.[303] In his 2017 novelNew York 2140, authorKim Stanley Robinson mentions the inundation of the neighborhood by rising waters.[304]
The rail yard development was designed to be technologically advanced, in that the owners would collect all sorts of data within the buildings using sensors and other data-collecting instruments.[209][305] The innovations included:
New York University'sCenter for Urban Science and Progress designed the infrastructure with the developers of Hudson Yards. Fiber loops connected tosatellite dishes on rooftops, totransponders, and totwo-way radios would create a network covering the 14 acres (6 ha) of open space as well as 17 million square feet (1,600,000 m2) of commercial space.[305] The technology was designed to be adaptable: updates to infrastructure would be performed as new technological advances are made.[209]
^abcMoss, Mitchell L. (November 2011)."How New York City Won the Olympics"(PDF).Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service.New York University.Archived(PDF) from the original on September 26, 2015. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2015.
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