Huang Jing | |
|---|---|
| 黄敬 | |
 Huang in the 1930s | |
| Party Secretary of Tianjin | |
| In office June 1949 – April 1952 | |
| Preceded by | Huang Kecheng |
| Succeeded by | Huang Huoqing |
| Mayor of Tianjin | |
| In office August 1949 – August 1952 | |
| Succeeded by | Wu De |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1912 |
| Died | 10 February 1958(1958-02-10) (aged 45–46) |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Spouse(s) | Li Yunhe (Jiang Qing) Fan Jin |
| Children | Yu Qiangsheng Yu Zhengsheng |
| Alma mater | Shandong University Peking University |
Huang Jing (Chinese:黄敬;Wade–Giles:Huang Ching; 1912 – 10 February 1958), bornYu Qiwei (Chinese:俞启威;Wade–Giles:Yü Ch'i-wei), was aChinese Communist revolutionary and politician who served as Mayor andCommunist Party Chief ofTianjin municipality, Minister of theFirst Ministry of Machine Building, and Chairman of the National Technological Commission. He was an ex-husband ofJiang Qing, who later marriedMao Zedong, and the father ofYu Qiangsheng, a top Chinese intelligence officer who defected to the United States in 1985, andYu Zhengsheng, the fourth-ranked member of the 18thPolitburo Standing Committee.
Yu Qiwei was born in 1912 to a prominent family inShaoxing,Zhejiang Province. His uncleYu Ta-wei [zh] later served asMinister of National Defense of theRepublic of China on Taiwan. The chemistZeng Zhaolun was also his uncle. Yu enrolled inShandong University inQingdao, majoring in physics. At the same time, he spent significant amount of time in underground political activism for theChinese Communist Party.[1]
While in Qingdao, Huang Jing met and marriedLi Yunhe (who would later change her name to "Jiang Qing" and marryMao Zedong), in 1932.[1] Huang introduced the 19-year-old Li to join the Communist Party in 1933. Soon afterwards, Huang was arrested by the government for his Communist activism. To avoid implicating Li, he sent a message asking her to leave him. Li was introduced to Shanghai film directorShi Dongshan, who was in Qingdao at the time, and followed Shi to Shanghai.[2] After Huang's release in 1934, he lived with Li for a while with his family in Shanghai. However, Huang's family was adamantly against their marriage, and they became separated.[2]
In 1935, Huang Jing, then attendingPeking University, co-led theDecember 9th Movement withYao Yilin andHuang Hua, demanding the Chinese government to actively resist Japanese aggression in the aftermath of theMukden Incident.[3]
After theJapanese invasion of China in 1937, Huang moved to the Communist base inYan'an in winter 1939.[1] Li Yunhe, now known as Jiang Qing, had also moved to Yan'an and married the Communist leader Mao Zedong. Huang later became a department head in the Communist bases inShanxi-Chahar-Hebei (Jin-Cha-Ji) and Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan (Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu) border areas.[1]
Following thesurrender of Japan in 1945, the Communists took over northern Hebei Province, and Huang was appointed Mayor ofZhangjiakou. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he became the Mayor of theTianjin municipality, as well as the city'sCommunist Party Chief.[1]
In 1952, Huang was appointed Minister of theFirst Ministry of Machine Building, which was in charge of the civilian industry (the Second Ministry was in charge of military work). When the National Technological Commission was established in 1956, he became its first chairman.[1] While serving in these capacities Huang praised the work of a young engineer in Shanghai namedJiang Zemin, the laterGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, who recalled that Huang invited him to a banquet at theQuanjude duck restaurant, and on another occasion, talked to him for four hours until 11 pm.[4]
Huang Jing was considered a promising young star of the Communist Party,[1] but was labelled a counterrevolutionary when theAnti-Rightist Campaign began in 1958. He died inGuangzhou that same year, at the age of only 46. The circumstances surrounding his death are unclear.[4] It is said that he suffered from mental and physical diseases and died of heart disease in a military hospital.[5]
After his relationship withJiang Qing ended, Huang went on to marry a journalist, Fan Jin, who, along with her friendGong Peng, was part ofZhou Enlai’s circle of female Chinese spies in the United States, which became close friends toPearl S. Buck andEleanor Roosevelt.[4] Their son,Yu Qiangsheng, was a top Chinese intelligence officer who defected to the United States in 1985.[6][4] Another son,Yu Zhengsheng, rose to become one of the seven members of thePolitburo Standing Committee in 2012, which effectively rules China. In 2020,Yu Zhengsheng’s eldest grandson married an investment banker, who is the youngest granddaughter of former President of ChinaHu Jintao.[6]