 | This articlerelies excessively onreferences toprimary sources. Please improve this article by addingsecondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Hoxhaism" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Hoxhaism (UK:/ˈhɒdʒə.ɪzəm/HOJ-ə-iz-əm,US:/ˈhɔːdʒ-/HAWJ-) is a variant ofMarxism–Leninism developed in the late 1970s as a result of aschism in theanti-revisionist movement, namely between theChinese Communist Party and theParty of Labour of Albania. The ideological dispute between the two parties brought about theSino-Albanian split.[1] The ideology is named afterEnver Hoxha, thefirst secretary of the Party of Labour from 1941 to 1985 and leader of thePeople's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1944 to 1985.
The term Hoxhaism is rarely used by the organizations associated with it, as they view Hoxha's theoretical contributions to Marxism–Leninism as an augmentation of anti-revisionism rather than a distinct ideology. Hoxhaists typically identify themselves with Marxism–Leninism orStalinism.[2][3]
Hoxhaism demarcates itself by a strict defense of the legacy ofJoseph Stalin, the organization of theSoviet Union under Stalin, and fierce criticism of virtually all other communist groupings asrevisionist.[4][5] Currents such asEurocommunism are regarded asanti-communist movements.[5]
Hoxha was critical of the United States andYugoslavia, condemning the latter associal imperialist. After thedeath of Stalin and the Sino-Albanian split, he extended his social imperialist critique to the Soviet Union and China. Hoxha condemned theWarsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, before withdrawing Albania from theWarsaw Pact in response.[6] Hoxhaism asserts the right of nations to pursuesocialism by different paths dictated by the conditions in those countries, although Hoxha personally held the view thatTitoism was "anti-Marxist" in overall practice.[7][8][9][10]
Following thefall of communism in Albania in 1991, Hoxhaist parties formed the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) in 1994, and its publicationUnity and Struggle.[11]
.svg)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)