Howard W. Gilmore | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Birth name | Howard Walter Gilmore |
| Born | (1902-09-29)September 29, 1902 Selma, Alabama, U.S. |
| Died | February 7, 1943(1943-02-07) (aged 40) off theSolomon Islands |
| Place of burial | remains not recovered; listed on the Walls of the Missing,Manila American Cemetery and Memorial, Manila, Philippines |
| Branch | United States Navy |
| Years | 1920–1943 |
| Rank | Commander |
| Commands | |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | |
Howard Walter Gilmore (September 29, 1902 – February 7, 1943) was a submarine commander in theUnited States Navy who posthumously received theMedal of Honor for his self-sacrifice duringWorld War II.
Howard Gilmore was born in Selma, Alabama, on September 29, 1902, and enlisted in the Navy on November 15, 1920. In 1922 he was appointed to theUnited States Naval Academy by competitive examination.[1] Standing 34th of a class of 436, Gilmore was commissioned in 1926[1] and reported to thebattleshipUSS Mississippi (BB-41). His Naval Academy classmates includedWade McClusky,Max Leslie,Lofton Henderson, andCarlton Hutchins.[2] Gilmore underwent submarine training during 1930 and in the years that followed served in various submarines and at stations ashore.[3]
Gilmore served as the executive officer of the submarineUSS Shark (SS-174), and in a near-fatal incident during the submarine's shakedown cruise, narrowly survived an assault by a group of thugs inPanama, who cut his throat during an excursion ashore. He had to deal with several other instances of tragedy in his life, including the death of his first wife from disease, and at the time of his Medal of Honor action his second wife was still in a coma from a fall she had taken down a flight of stairs.[1] In 1941, he assumed his first command, USSShark (SS-174), only to be transferred the day after theattack on Pearl Harbor to command the still-unfinished submarineUSS Growler (SS-215).[3]
Gilmore commanded his submarine skillfully during fourPacific War patrols. During his first, on 5 July 1942Growler attacked three enemydestroyers offKiska, sinking one and severely damaging the other two, while narrowly avoiding two torpedoes fired in return, for which Gilmore received theNavy Cross.
During his second patrol,Growler sank four merchant ships totaling 15,000 tons in theEast China Sea nearFormosa for which the Navy awarded him another Navy Cross.
During October 1942,Growler patrolled off Truk in the Caroline Islands as part of a repositioning of submarine assets on the way to Brisbane, Australia. No significant action occurred.[4]
_at_the_submarine_base_at_New_Farm%2c_Australia%2c_in_February_1943.jpg)
.jpg)
The submarine continued to take a heavy toll on shipping on its fourth war patrol, and during the night of 6–7 February 1943, it approached aconvoy stealthily for a surface attack. Suddenly a convoy escort namedHayasaki closed and prepared to ram. As the small ship charged out of the darkness, Gilmore sounded the collision alarm and shouted, "Left full rudder!" — to no avail. Perhaps inadvertently,Growler hit the Japanese adversary amidships at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph), heeling the submarine 50 degrees, bending 18 feet (5.5 m) of its bow sideways to port, and disabling the forward torpedo tubes.
Simultaneously, the Japanese crew began a burst of machine gun fire atGrowler's bridge, killing the junior officer of the deck and a lookout,[5] while wounding Gilmore himself and two other men. "Clear the bridge!" Gilmore ordered as he struggled to hang on to a frame. As the rest of the bridge party dropped down the hatch into the conning tower, the executive officer, Lieutenant Commander Arnold Schade — shaken by the impact and dazed by his own fall into the control room — waited expectantly for his captain to appear. Instead from above came the shouted command, "Take her down!" Realizing that he could not get below in time if the ship were to escape, Gilmore chose to make the supreme sacrifice for his shipmates. Schade hesitated briefly — then obeyed his captain's last order and submerged the crippled ship.
Surfacing some time later in hope of reattacking theHayasaki, Schade found the seas empty. The Japanese ship had, in fact, survived the encounter, but there was no sign of Gilmore, who apparently had drifted away during the night. Schade andGrowler's crew managed to control the ship's flooding and voyaged back to Brisbane on February 17.
For sacrificing himself to save his ship, Commander Howard Gilmore was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, "the second man of the submarine force to be so decorated."[6]
| Departing From | Date | Days | Wartime Credit Ships/Tonnage | JANAC[7] Credit Ships/Tonnage | Patrol Area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growler-[8] | Pearl Harbor, TH (Territory of Hawaii) | May 1942 | 15 | zero / zero[9] | zero / zero[10] | Midway Estimated |
| Growler-1 | Pearl Harbor, TH | June 1942 | 27 | 2 / 3,400[11] | 1 / 1,850[10] | Alaska |
| Growler-2 | Pearl Harbor, TH | August 1942 | 49 | 4 / 26,000[12] | 4 / 14,974[10] | East China Sea |
| Growler-3 | Pearl Harbor, TH | October 1942 | 49 | zero / zero[13] | zero / zero[10] | -->Brisbane Via Truk |
| Growler-4 | Brisbane, Australia | January 1943 | 48 | 2 / 7,900[14] | 1 / 5,857[10] | Solomons |
| Ranking | Number of Patrols | Ships/Tons Credited | Ships/Tons JANAC |
|---|---|---|---|
| 74 | 5 | 8 / 37,300[15] | 6 / 22,681[10] |
.gif) | |||
 | |||
  |  |  | |
  |  |  | |
 |  |  | |
For distinguished gallantry and valor above and beyond the call of duty as commanding officer of the U.S.S. Growler during her Fourth War Patrol in the Southwest Pacific from 10 January to 7 February 1943. Boldly striking at the enemy in spite of continuous hostile air and antisubmarine patrols, Comdr. Gilmore sank one Japanese freighter and damaged another by torpedo fire, successfully evading severe depth charges following each attack. In the darkness of night on 7 February, an enemy gunboat closed range and prepared to ram the Growler. Comdr. Gilmore daringly maneuvered to avoid the crash and rammed the attacker instead, ripping into her port side at 11 knots and bursting wide her plates. In the terrific fire of the sinking gunboat's heavy machineguns, Comdr. Gilmore calmly gave the order to clear the bridge, and refusing safety for himself, remained on deck while his men preceded him below. Struck down by the fusillade of bullets and having done his utmost against the enemy, in his final living moments, Comdr. Gilmore gave his last order to the officer of the deck, "Take her down". The Growler dived; seriously damaged but under control, she was brought safely to port by her well-trained crew inspired by the courageous fighting spirit of their dead captain.[4]
Even today "Take her down!" remains one of the legendary phrases of the U.S. Submarine Force.[6]
Howard Gilmore's sacrifice inspired five different authors and screenwriters.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
This article incorporates text from thepublic domainDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. This article incorporatespublic domain material from websites or documents of theUnited States Navy.