Hounslow Heath Aerodrome 1918 overlaid on 2011 roads
Hounslow Heath Aerodrome was a grass airfield, operational 1914–1920. It was in the London borough ofHounslow, and hosted theBritish Empire's first scheduled daily international commercial flights, in 1919. The site today includes the main remaining part ofHounslow Heath.
The last commercial flights took place in 1920, after which services moved toCroydon Airport.
A British army cavalry unit had been based since 1793 atHounslow Barracks, centred 500 metres north of the site, regularly using most of Hounslow Heath for training exercises. Nine years before for the first precision mapmaking and surveying it saw General Roy's Baseline measured from one end of the heath to the other. The act marked a key stage in thePrincipal Triangulation of Great Britain and was repeated with greater precision on later occasions.
14 October 1914: Ten days after the outbreak ofWorld War I, theRoyal Flying Corps (RFC) delivered twoB.E.2c aircraft by air fromBrooklands aerodrome to what remained of the historic heath. The RFC progressively increased its presence on the heath.
March 1915: About 200 military personnel were receiving intensive training there. From then, the aerodrome was used for home defence, primarily against the threat ofZeppelin military airships, combined with development of pilots, aircraft and squadrons ready for transfer to battlefronts in France.
May 1915: 10 Squadron RFC was replaced by14 Squadron.
August 1915: 14 Squadron RFC was replaced by15 Squadron. All three squadrons were equipped with B.E.2cs.
1 September 1915:24 Squadron was formed at Hounslow Heath, commanded by MajorLanoe Hawker VC. It was the first single-seat fighter RFC squadron, first equipped with various types such asBristol Scout andVickers F.B.5, then it standardised onAirco D.H.2s.
29 January 1916:No. 19 Training Squadron was formed at Hounslow Heath - the station's first dedicated training unit.
"Map of Air Routes and Landing Places in Great Britain, as temporarily arranged by the Air Ministry for civilian flying", published in 1919, showing Hounslow as the hub of the network.
1 May 1919: The ban on non-military flying was lifted. One incoming flight to Hounslow Heath from Bristol, plus one outgoing flight toLympne Airport, both charters, became the first UK commercial flying journeys between 'appointed' aerodromes.
1 June 1919: The RAF vacated the airfield, and handed it over to civilian control.[3]
1919: During that first year of civilian operations, several thousand passengers were carried on 'joy flights'. Those flights often employed de-mobbed and modified Avro 504s, operated in military markings but with the name of the owners, e.g. Avro, added in large lettering. Two of the former RFC permanent hangars were used to house civilian aircraft. The third hangar, nearest to the entrance road from Staines Road, was converted into acustoms hall, with prominent external lettering 'Douane' and 'Customs' visible to air and ground visitors.[3][6]
14 July 1919: The first international commercial flight arrived in the form of aCaudron aircraft piloted by Etienne Poulet, carrying photos fromParis – Le Bourget Airport, in accordance with inter-government agreements celebrating theTreaty of Versailles. At that time, Hounslow Heath was the only approved aerodrome in the London area with customs facilities. In the following five weeks, various proving flights took place, sometimes without customs clearances or passports.[3][6]
25 August 1919: Several flights inaugurated scheduled international commercial flights. The first was by anAirco DH.4A (G-EAJC) owned byAircraft Transport and Travel (AT&T) and piloted by E.H. 'Bill' Lawford. That flight carried journalists, newspapers and various goods to Paris. The same day, incoming and outgoing proving flights were operated by Handley Page, typically usingO/400 aircraft. The first daily international service departed later in the day to Le Bourget, with anAirco DH.16 (K-130) of AT&T, piloted by Cyril Patterson.[3][6]
30 September 1919: North Sea Aerial Navigation Co Ltd started a regular passenger service between Roundhay Park (Leeds) and Hounslow Heath, usingBlackburn Kangaroos. Services were later extended to Amsterdam.[7]
Afterwards:Handley Page continued to operate London-Paris passenger services from its privateCricklewood Aerodrome, in competition with AT&T from Hounslow Heath. Handley Page had to land its aircraft at Hounslow Heath to embark or disembark passengers for customs clearance, until:-
17 February 1920: Customs facilities were provided at Cricklewood.
In 1919 the Australian government offered a prize of £10,000 for the first Australians in a British aircraft to fly from Great Britain to Australia. The departure points were defined as either Hounslow Heath Aerodrome (for landplanes) orRNAS Calshot, near Southampton (for seaplanes and flying boats).
27 March 1920: The last commercial flights took place at the heath, and AT&T moved its operations toCroydon Airport.
28 March 1920:Croydon Airport supplanted Hounslow Heath to become the approved airport serving London. The army then repossessed the land for use as a repair depot and training school.
A few aircraft demonstrations and occasional landings took place on the heath into the mid-1930s[3][6]
Hounslow Heath has largely reverted to an undeveloped public open space and nature reserve.[3]There are also several memorials to the aerodrome.[citation needed]
Bluffield, Robert. 2009. Imperial Airways - The Birth of the British Airline Industry 1914–1940. Ian AllanISBN978-1-906537-07-4
Chorlton, Martyn. 2014. Forgotten Aerodromes of World War 1 - British military aerodromes, seaplane stations, flying-boat and airship stations to 1920. Crecy Publishing Ltd, Manchester.
Halley, James J. 1988. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988.Air-BritainISBN0-85130-164-9
Halpenny, Bruce B. 1993. Action Stations Vol.8: Military Airfields of Greater London. PSLISBN1-85260-431-X
Lewis, Peter. 1970. British Racing and Record-Breaking Aircraft. PutnamISBN0-370-00067-6
.jpg)