Hotel Theresa
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
New York City Landmark No. 1843
View from the north (2006)
Location	2082–2096 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Blvd. Manhattan,New York City
Coordinates	40°48′31″N73°56′58″W / 40.80861°N 73.94944°W /40.80861; -73.94944
Built	1912–1913[2]
Architect	George & Edward Blum
NRHP reference No.	05000618[1]
NYCL No.	1843
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 16, 2005
Designated NYCL	July 13, 1993

TheHotel Theresa is located at 2082–96Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard betweenWest 124th and125th Streets in theHarlem neighborhood ofManhattan,New York City. In the mid-20th century, it was a vibrant center of African American life in the area and the city.

The 13-story hotel was built in 1912–13 by German-born stockbrokerGustavus Sidenberg (1843–1915), whose wife the hotel is named after,^[3] and was designed by the firm ofGeorge &Edward Blum, who specialized in designing apartment buildings. The hotel, which was known in its heyday as "theWaldorf of Harlem", exemplifies the Blums' inventive use ofterracotta for ornamentation, and has been called "one of the most visually striking structures in northern Manhattan".^[2]

The building, now an office building known asTheresa Towers, was designated aNew York City landmark in 1993^[2] and was added to theNational Register of Historic Places in 2005.^[1]

The 13-story^[4] hotel – with its striking white terracotta façade with ornamentation made specifically for the project and not pre-fabricated stock items, as was standard practice^[2] – opened in 1913 and was, until the construction of theAdam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building across the street in 1973, the tallest building in Harlem. It was primarily anapartment hotel, but also accepted temporary guests as well.^[2] In its early years, the hotel accepted only white guests, but it was bought in 1937 by Love B. Woods, an African American businessman who, in 1940, ended its racial segregation policy.^[3][4]

The hotel had a two-story penthouse dining room which featured views ofLong Island Sound to the east andthe Palisades to the west,^[4] as well as a bar and grill. In the 1940s and 1950s, the Theresa became a center of the social life of the black community of Harlem; it was then that it was known as "the Waldorf of Harlem". The hotel profited from the refusal of prestigious hotels elsewhere in the city to accept black guests. As a result, black businessmen, performers, and athletes were thrown under the same roof. The building was also the location of such institutions asA. Philip Randolph'sMarch on Washington Movement, the March Community Bookstore, and theOrganization of Afro-American Unity created byMalcolm X^[2] after he left theNation of Islam.

In 1960,Fidel Castro came to New York for the opening session of theUnited Nations, and, after storming out of the Hotel Shelburne on Lexington Avenue in Midtown Manhattan because of the management's demand for a $20,000 deposit, he and his entourage stayed at the Theresa,^[5] where they rented 80 rooms for $800 per day.^[6]Malcolm X and other civil rights leaders arranged for their stay.^[7] According to theNew York Times, Castro felt that "Negroes would be more sympathetic" to his cause, and indeed he drew enthusiastic crowds of supporters, along with some protesters.^[2] While Castro was there, he was visited by Soviet PremierNikita Khrushchev, activist Malcolm X, poetsLangston Hughes andAllen Ginsberg, PresidentGamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru of India, and radical sociologistC. Wright Mills.^[2] In a repudiation of segregationist policies, Castro also thanked the hotel's all-black staff by hosting them at a steak dinner held in the hotel's own banquet room.^[8] Subsequent to Castro's visit, otherThird World leaders, such asPatrice Lumumba of theBelgian Congo, chose to stay at the Theresa.^[2]

In October 1960,John F. Kennedy campaigned for the presidency at the hotel, along withEleanor Roosevelt and other leading figures in theDemocratic Party.

Ron Brown, who was theUnited States Secretary of Commerce in theClinton administration, grew up in the hotel, where his father worked as manager, and U.S. CongressmanCharles Rangel (D-Harlem) once worked there as a desk clerk.

The hotel suffered from the continued deterioration of Harlem through the 1950s and 1960s and, ironically, from the end of segregation elsewhere in the city. As African Americans of means now had alternatives, they stopped coming to Harlem. The owners had not upgraded or modernized the hotel in decades and it was said to be "dowdy" at best.^[2]

New owners began converting the building to office space beginning in 1966,^[2] and the hotel closed in 1967. The building was renovated and restored, with the exterior largely kept as it had originally been, instead of being replaced with an aluminum and glass façade, an alternative which had been considered.^[2] The building reopened in 1970^[2] asTheresa Towers, though a sign with the old name is still painted on the side of the building, and the old name is still commonly used. As well as housing commercial and professional tenants, it serves as an auxiliary campus forColumbia University'sTeachers College and theTouro College of Pharmacy.

• Some scenes ofAlfred Hitchcock's movieTopaz, the plot of which revolves around the 1962Cuban Missile Crisis, are set in and in front of the Hotel Theresa.
• The Hotel Theresa is one of the settings in the novelPush and the filmPrecious (2009). Precious'Each One Teach One alternative school is on the "nineteenth floor".
• WLIB-1190 AM (known as Harlem Radio Center) maintained studios here from 1952–1962.
• In Guy Johnson's novelStanding at the Scratch Line, the hotel lobby is where King, Big Ed and Professor plan the execution of the heads of two Mafia families trying to muscle in on their club.
• Colson Whitehead's "The Theresa Job" (The New Yorker, July 26, 2021) is about a 1959 robbery at the hotel. This robbery premise was later expanded and became the focal point of Whitehead's 2021 novelHarlem Shuffle.

• List of former hotels in Manhattan
• List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan above 110th Street
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 110th Street

Notes

Sources

• Popkik, Barry."Waldorf of Harlem" (June 4, 2005)

Media related toHotel Theresa at Wikimedia Commons

• 1913 establishments in New York City
• Apartment hotels
• Columbia University campus
• Defunct hotels in Manhattan
• Buildings and structures in Harlem
• Hotel buildings completed in 1913
• Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
• Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan

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