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Hoosier National Forest

Coordinates:38°28′39″N86°31′30″W / 38.47750°N 86.52500°W /38.47750; -86.52500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
United States National Forest in Indiana

Hoosier National Forest
Hoosier National Forest
Map showing the location of Hoosier National Forest
Map showing the location of Hoosier National Forest
LocationIndiana, United States
Nearest cityBloomington, IN
Coordinates38°28′39″N86°31′30″W / 38.47750°N 86.52500°W /38.47750; -86.52500
Area204,303 acres (826.78 km2)[1]
EstablishedOctober 1, 1961[2]
Governing bodyU.S. Forest Service
WebsiteHoosier National Forest

TheHoosier National Forest is a property managed by theUnited States Forest Service in the hills ofsouthern Indiana. Composed of four separate sections, each of which has many parcels, it has a total area of 204,303 acres (827 km2; 319 sq mi).[1] Hoosier National Forest's headquarters are located inBedford, with a regional office inTell City. Prominent places within the Forest include theLick Creek Settlement Site, thePotts Creek Rockshelter Archeological Site, and theJacob Rickenbaugh House.

History

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Hoosier National Forest was first touched by humanity 12,000 years ago, whenNative Americans in the United States hunted in the forest. Europeans reached the forest in the late 17th century, and began building villages in the forest. Actual lumbering began in the 19th century, with the cutting of more difficult terrain occurring after 1865. By 1910 most of the area had been cut. In the early 1930s the governor of Indiana pushed for the federal government to do something with the eroding lands that saw its residents leaving, with the act being accomplished on February 6, 1935.[3]

Within Hoosier National Forest, two miles (3 km) south ofChambersburg, lies the formerLick Creek Settlement, a settlement of free blacks led by theQuaker Jonathan Lindley from around 1819 to around 1865.[4]Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest near Paoli contains an excellent example of virgin forest. Hemlock Cliffs Recreation Area in Crawford County contains one of the most scenic hiking trails in Indiana.

Most ofThomas Hines'Hines' Raid was within the present-day Hoosier National Forest.

Hickory Ridge Lookout Tower is the sole remaining fire tower out of eight that once stood within Hoosier National Forest. When built, there was a two-room house for the ranger and his dependents to live within, but it has since been destroyed. Visitors may still climb the tower but are advised to be cautious when climbing.[5]

Maumee Scout Reservation and Lake Tarzian are also located within the Hoosier National Forest.[6] Lake Tarzian is named afterSarkes Tarzian who led the capital campaign to build the camp.[7]

Science

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Forested hills in Orange County nearPatoka Lake

Much of Hoosier National Forest is overkarst, responsible for the many caves in southern Indiana.[8]

Included in Hoosier National Forest is theCharles C. Deam Wilderness Area, the only recognized wilderness area left in Indiana. This means that no motorized vehicles are allowed in the area, and instead mules and horses must be used to maintain hiking trails.[9][10]

In the Clover Lick Barrens, the southern portion of Hoosier National Forest near theOhio River, the vegetation is more typical of that found on prairies in theGreat Plains. This was discovered by a botanist and biologist from theIndiana Department of Natural Resources, who later found that in the first recorded survey of the area in 2005, the land was described not as forest, but as "a mile of poor barrens and grassy hills". It is believed that the inability of talloaks to grow in the area allows for this prairie vegetation to persist in such an unlikely location. In 2006 a conscious effort was made to keep the barren look to the area; previous federal efforts on renovating Hoosier National Forest meant adding nonnative species to low-growth areas.[11] It was around Clover Lick in 1972 that Indiana decided to reintroducewild turkeys back to Indiana, dedicating 6,000 acres (2,400 ha) for the purpose.[12]

Also found in Hoosier National Forest is Sundance Lake, a 5.3-acre (2.1 ha) lake.

Hoosier National Forest lies in parts of nine counties in southern Indiana.

Recreation

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The trail system has almost 266 miles (428 km), and allows horseback riding andmountain bikes, along with hiking. Hikers are to yield to horses, and mountain bikers are to yield to both of them.[13] Within the Hemlock Cliffs Valley, located within the central portion of the National Forest, there is the 1.2 mile Hemlock Cliffs trail. The trail is noted as access to sandstone cliffs and seasonal waterfalls as well as Hemlock trees and rare wintergreen plants.[14]

Hoosier National Forest Trail System

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All trail locations are within the state of Indiana.[15]

TrailLocationUsesLength (miles)
Birdseye Trail[16]BirdseyeHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking12.1
Brown County D TrailElkinsvilleHiking and horse riding2.1
Buzzard Roost Trail[17]MagnetHiking0.8
Celina Interpretive Trail[18]Indian-Celina Lake Recreation AreaHiking0.8
Fork Ridge Trail[19]Norman, north ofKurtzHiking3.5
German Ridge Trail[20]DerbyHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking24.0
German Ridge Lake TrailDerbyHiking1.9
Hardin Ridge TrailLake Monroe; Hardin Ridge Recreation AreaHiking and biking2.0
Hemlock Cliffs Trail[21]EnglishHiking1.0
Hickory Ridge Trail[22]NormanHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking48.7
Lick Creek Trail[23]PaoliHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking7.7
Mogan Ridge West Trail[24]DerbyHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking12.3
Mogan Ridge East Trail[24]DerbyHiking6.7
Nebo Ridge Trail[25]NashvilleHiking, horseriding, and mountain biking8.6
Oriole West Trail[26]SulphurHiking, horseriding, and mountain biking7.2
Oriole East Trail[26]SulphurHiking, horseriding, and mountain biking6.5
Pate Hollow Trail[27]Lake Monroe; Paynetown State Recreation AreaHiking7.7
Pioneer Mothers Trail[28]PaoliHiking1.3
Saddle Lake Trail[29]Gatchel; east ofDerbyHiking2.2
Shirley Creek Trail[30]West Baden SpringsHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking19.4
Spring(s) Valley Trail[31]PaoliHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking12.7
Tipsaw Trail[32]Branchville; Tipsaw Lake Recreation AreaHiking and mountain biking5.9
Twin Oaks Interpretive TrailLake MonroeHiking1.4
Two Lakes Loop National Recreation Trail[18]Indian-Celina Lake Recreation AreaHiking15.7
Wilderness WestLake Monroe;Charles C. Deam WildernessHiking and horse riding32.4
Wilderness SycamoreLake Monroe;Charles C. Deam WildernessHiking4.9
Youngs Creek Trail[33]PaoliHiking, horse riding, and mountain biking11.0

See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"Land Areas Report (LAR) - as of September 30, 2023". U.S. Forest Service. September 2023. RetrievedAugust 13, 2024.
  2. ^"The National Forests of the United States"(PDF). ForestHistory.org.Archived(PDF) from the original on October 28, 2012. RetrievedJune 20, 2012.
  3. ^Mohlenbrock, Robert (2006).This Land: A Guide to Eastern National Forests.University of California Press. p. 97.ISBN 9780520930551.
  4. ^Mohlenbrock 2006, p. 100, 101.
  5. ^Mohlenbrock 2006, p. 99.
  6. ^"Lake Tarzian".hoosiertimes.com. March 15, 2019. Archived fromthe original on July 25, 2021. RetrievedFebruary 25, 2020.
  7. ^"Maumee Scout Reservation".hoosiertrailsbsa. Archived fromthe original on February 25, 2020. RetrievedFebruary 25, 2020.
  8. ^"Hoosier National Forest - Home". Fs.fed.us. RetrievedDecember 24, 2019.
  9. ^"Hoosier National Forest - Home". Fs.fed.us. RetrievedDecember 24, 2019.
  10. ^"Hoosier National Forest - Home". Fs.fed.us. RetrievedDecember 24, 2019.
  11. ^Mohlenbrock pg.103,104
  12. ^"Hoosier National Forest - Home". Fs.fed.us. RetrievedDecember 24, 2019.
  13. ^"Hoosier National Forest - Home". Fs.fed.us. RetrievedDecember 24, 2019.
  14. ^Hemlock Cliffs, United States Forest Service Information
  15. ^"Hoosier National Forest: Trail Information"(PDF).United States Forest Service. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on October 8, 2013. RetrievedDecember 31, 2014.
  16. ^"Birdseye Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  17. ^"Buzzard Roost Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  18. ^ab"Two Lakes/Celina Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  19. ^"Fork Ridge Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  20. ^"German Ridge Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  21. ^"Hemlock Cliffs Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  22. ^"Hickory Ridge Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on November 7, 2012.
  23. ^"Lick Creek Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  24. ^ab"Mogan Ridge Trails Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  25. ^"Nebo Ridge Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on November 7, 2012.
  26. ^ab"Oriole Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  27. ^"Pate Hollow Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on October 8, 2013.
  28. ^"Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  29. ^"Saddle Lake Trail Map"(PDF).[dead link]
  30. ^"Shirley Creek Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  31. ^"Springs Valley Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  32. ^"Tipsaw Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.
  33. ^"Youngs Creek Trail Map"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 3, 2015.

External links

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