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Holocaust studies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Study of the Holocaust
Not to be confused withHolocaust Studies (journal).

Holocaust studies, or sometimesHolocaust research, is a scholarly discipline that encompasses the historical research and study ofthe Holocaust. Institutions dedicated to Holocaust research investigate the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary aspects of Holocaust methodology,demography,sociology, andpsychology. It also covers the study ofNazi Germany,World War II,Jewish history,antisemitism,religion,Christian-Jewish relations,Holocaust theology,ethics,social responsibility, andgenocide on a global scale. Exploring trauma, memories, and testimonies of the experiences ofHolocaust survivors,[1]human rights,international relations,Jewish life,Judaism, andJewish identity in the post-Holocaust world are also covered in this type of research.[2]

Debates in the field

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The field of Holocaust studies has seen many debates, some acrimonious, such as theHolocaust uniqueness debate,[3][4]functionalism–intentionalism debate,[3][5] and debates over perpetrator-focused versus victim-focused research.[6]

During theGaza war, the field found itself in a state of crisis. While some Holocaust researchers suggested a continuity between the7 October attacks and the Holocaust, others expressed concerns about the mass violence committed by Israelis in the form of theGaza genocide.[4][3] Political scientist Ernesto Verdeja writes that "the crisis reflects more profound normative disagreements over who is a legitimate victim worth grieving, how and when – if at all –mass violence can be justified, and over the (exceptional) moral status of the state of Israel".[7]

Academic research

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Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum

Among the research institutions and academic programs specializing in Holocaust research are:

Scholars

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See also:Category:Historians of the Holocaust

Prominent Holocaust scholars include:

  • H. G. Adler (1910–1988), Czech-English Jew who survived the Holocaust and became one of the early scholars of the Holocaust.
  • Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German-American political theorist who is known for the term "banality of evil", used to describeAdolf Eichmann.
  • Yehuda Bauer (1926–2024), Czech-born Israeli historian and scholar on the Holocaust andantisemitism.
  • Doris Bergen (born 1960), Canadian academic and Holocaust historian.
  • Michael Berenbaum (born 1945), American scholar and rabbi who specializes in the study of the memorialization of the Holocaust. He served as Project Director of theUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1988–1993.
  • Alan L. Berger (born 1939), the Raddock Family Eminent Scholar Chair for Holocaust Studies atFlorida Atlantic University, Professor of Jewish Studies at Florida Atlantic University, Director of the Center for the Study of Values and Violence after Auschwitz,[11] Editor and Author of Interdisciplinary Holocaust Scholarship, Co-Editor ofSecond Generation Voices: Reflections by Children of Holocaust Survivors and Perpetrators,[12] and Member of the Florida Department of Education Holocaust Education Task Force.[13]
  • Christopher Browning (born 1944), American historian of the Holocaust who is best known for his workOrdinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, a study ofGerman Reserve Police Battalion 101 that massacred Jews in Poland.
  • Lucy Dawidowicz (1915–1990), among the earliest American historians of the Holocaust, whose work, including her bookThe War Against the Jews: 1933–1945 (1975), investigated the political and social context of the events.[14]
  • Martin Gilbert (1936–2015), British historian who has published many historical volumes about the Holocaust.
  • Alena Hájková (1924–2012), Czech Communist resistance fighter who became a chief historian on Jews in the Czechoslovak resistance.
  • Raul Hilberg (1926–2007),Austrian-born American political scientist and historian who is widely considered to be the world's preeminent Holocaust scholar.
  • Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), Polish Jewish lawyer who coined the termgenocide, which was later adopted by theUnited Nations in the 1948Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
  • Primo Levi (1919–1987), Italian Jewish chemist who survivedAuschwitz, and later published over a dozen works. He committed suicide on April 11, 1987.
  • Franklin Littell (1917–2009), Protestant scholar who is regarded by some as the founder of the field of Holocaust studies.
  • Peter Longerich (born 1955), German professor of history, author and director of the Research Centre for the Holocaust and Twentieth-Century History atRoyal Holloway, University of London.
  • Léon Poliakov (1910–1997), French historian who wrote on the Holocaust andantisemitism.
  • Laurence Rees (born 1957), British historian and documentary filmmaker.
  • Gerald Reitlinger (1900–1978), British art historian who wrote three works afterWorld War II aboutNazi Germany.
  • Carol Rittner (born 1943), Distinguished Professor of Holocaust & Genocide Studies atStockton University, who co-produced the Academy Award nominated documentaryThe Courage to Care, and has written a number of important works about the Holocaust and various genocides.
  • Richard L. Rubenstein (1924–2021), American scholar who is noted for his contributions toHolocaust theology.

Education about the Holocaust

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Main article:Education about the Holocaust

Education about the Holocaust, or Holocaust education, refers to efforts, in formal and non-formal settings, to teach about the Holocaust. Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust (TLH) addresses didactics and learning, under the larger umbrella of education about the Holocaust, which also comprisescurricula andtextbooks studies. The expression "Teaching and Learning about the Holocaust" is used by theInternational Holocaust Remembrance Alliance.[15]

See also

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Main article:Outline of genocide studies
Portals:

References

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  1. ^Berger, Alan L., ed. (1991).Bearing Witness to the Holocaust, 1939–1989. Philadelphia:Edwin Mellen Press. p. 20.ISBN 0773496440.Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved2021-08-18.
  2. ^Berger, Alan L. (Spring 2010). "Unclaimed Experience: Trauma and Identity in Third Generation Writing about the Holocaust".Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies.28 (3):149–158.doi:10.1353/sho.0.0453.S2CID 170535480.
  3. ^abcKlein, Shira (8 January 2025)."The Growing Rift between Holocaust Scholars over Israel/Palestine".Journal of Genocide Research:1–21.doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2448061.
  4. ^abSegal, Raz (2 April 2024)."Settler Antisemitism, Israeli Mass Violence, and the Crisis of Holocaust and Genocide Studies".Journal of Palestine Studies.53 (2):50–73.doi:10.1080/0377919X.2024.2384385.
  5. ^Lawson, Tom (19 July 2013). "'The Realisation of the Unthinkable': Searching for the origins of the 'Final Solution'".Debates on the Holocaust. Manchester University Press. pp. 125–153.ISBN 978-1-84779-321-8.
  6. ^"Omer Bartov on Gaza: "It's a Misnomer to Call It a War"".jacobin.com.
  7. ^Verdeja, Ernesto (20 January 2025)."The Gaza Genocide in Five Crises".Journal of Genocide Research:1–23.doi:10.1080/14623528.2025.2452707.
  8. ^European Union Commission, European Holocaust Research Infrastructure."European Holocaust Research Infrastructure". The European Union: European Commission 2010.Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved12 May 2014.
  9. ^"The Sam & Frances Fried Holocaust & Genocide Academy | The Sam & Frances Fried Holocaust & Genocide Academy | University of Nebraska Omaha".www.unomaha.edu. Retrieved2025-08-04.
  10. ^"About the Institute".Yad Vashem. The International Institute for Holocaust Research.Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved3 October 2017.
  11. ^Berger, Dr. Alan L."Dr. Alan Berger Raddock Family Eminent Scholar Chair for Holocaust Studies". Florida Atlantic University.Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved11 May 2014.
  12. ^Berger, Alan L.; Berger, Naomi (2001).Second Generation Voices: Reflections By Children of Holocaust Survivors and Perpetrators. New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 378.ISBN 0815628846.Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. Retrieved2022-07-28.
  13. ^"Task Force on Holocaust Education: Task Force Members".Florida Department of Education.Archived from the original on 4 April 2013. Retrieved11 May 2014.
  14. ^Butler, Deidre (1 March 2009). "Holocaust Studies in the United StatesArchived 2018-08-24 at theWayback Machine".Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive. jwa.org. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  15. ^UNESCO (2017).Education about the Holocaust and preventing genocide(PDF). Paris, UNESCO. p. 18.ISBN 978-92-3-100221-2.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2017-05-19. Retrieved2017-05-16.

Sources

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Main article:Bibliography of genocide studies

Further reading

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See also:Bibliography of The Holocaust § Hypotheses and historiography

External links

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