Kaiping 开平市 Hoiping | |
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 Dixi Road inChikan, Kaiping | |
.png) Location of Kaiping City Centre (red) in Kaiping (pink), Guangdong province, and the PRC | |
  Kaiping Location of the Kaiping city centre in Guangdong | |
| Coordinates:22°22′38″N112°41′54″E / 22.3773°N 112.6982°E /22.3773; 112.6982 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| Prefecture-level city | Jiangmen |
| County seat | Changsha Subdistrict (长沙街道) |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,659 km2 (641 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census) | |
• Total | 748,777 |
| • Density | 450/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 529300 |
| Area code | 0750 |
| Website | www |
| Kaiping | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 开平 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 開平 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Taishanese | Hoi3-pen6 (local) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Kāipíng | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Hoiping | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Kaiping (simplified Chinese:开平;traditional Chinese:開平),alternatelyromanized inCantonese asHoiping,[a] in local dialect asHoihen, is acounty-level city inGuangdongProvince, China. It is located in the western section of thePearl River Delta and administered as part of theprefecture-level city ofJiangmen. The surrounding area, especiallySze Yup (四邑), is the ancestral homeland of manyoverseas Chinese, particularly in theUnited States.[2] Kaiping has a population of 748,777 as of 2020 and an area of 1,659 square kilometres (641 sq mi).[3][4] The locals speak a variant of theSze Yup dialect.
During theNorthern Song dynasty (960–1127), Kaiping was under the administration of Xin'an county (信安縣)[5][full citation needed]Under theQing (1649),Hoiping County made up part of thecommandery ofShiuhing (Zhaoqing).[1] From AD 1649 to AD 1949, the administration centre of Kaiping was Cangcheng (蒼城鎮), from AD 1950 to AD 1953, the administration center moved to Chican (赤磡鎮)， from AD 1953 until nowadays, the administration center is Sanbu (三埠鎮). It was promoted tocounty-level city status in 1993.
Administratively, Kaiping is administered as part of theprefecture-level city ofJiangmen.
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010)[6] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sanbu Subdistrict | 三埠街道 | Sānbù Jiēdào | 173,100 |
| Changsha | 长沙街道 | Chángshā Jiēdào | 124,829 |
| Shatang | 沙塘镇 | Shātáng Zhèn | 24,667 |
| Chacheng | 苍城镇 | Cāngchéng Zhèn | 26,750 |
| Longsheng | 龙胜镇 | Lóngshèng Zhèn | 26,161 |
| Dasha | 大沙镇 | Dàshā Zhèn | 22,298 |
| Magang | 马冈镇 | Mǎgāng Zhèn | 30,728 |
| Tangkou | 塘口镇 | Tángkǒu Zhèn | 22,626 |
| Chikan | 赤坎镇 | Chìkǎn Zhèn | 37,260 |
| Baihe | 百合镇 | Bǎihé Zhèn | 17,621 |
| Xiangang | 蚬冈镇 | Xiǎngāng Zhèn | 13,280 |
| Jinji | 金鸡镇 | Jīnjī Zhèn | 16,493 |
| Yueshan | 月山镇 | Yuèshān Zhèn | 46,700 |
| Chishui | 赤水镇 | Chìshuǐ Zhèn | 25,894 |
| Shuikou | 水口镇 | Shuǐkǒu Zhèn | 90,835 |
Kaiping's city centre is located on theTanjiang River [zh], 140 kilometres (87 mi) away fromGuangzhou, on the edge of the county Kaiping west of thePearl River Delta. Kaiping consists of broken terrain, mostly either rocky or swampy, with only a third of the land arable.[2] The county is shaped like a giant question mark (see map, in pink) and includes rural areas as well as three port cities: Changsha, Xinchang, and Dihai.
| Climate data for Kaiping, elevation 29 m (95 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.5 (83.3) | 29.3 (84.7) | 31.7 (89.1) | 33.8 (92.8) | 35.2 (95.4) | 38.0 (100.4) | 39.4 (102.9) | 37.8 (100.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 35.8 (96.4) | 33.3 (91.9) | 29.3 (84.7) | 39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.7 (72.9) | 26.7 (80.1) | 30.2 (86.4) | 31.9 (89.4) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.8 (91.0) | 31.6 (88.9) | 28.9 (84.0) | 25.1 (77.2) | 20.6 (69.1) | 26.9 (80.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.1 (73.6) | 26.4 (79.5) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.8 (83.8) | 28.6 (83.5) | 27.6 (81.7) | 24.9 (76.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.3 (61.3) | 22.9 (73.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) | 13.4 (56.1) | 16.4 (61.5) | 20.5 (68.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 25.6 (78.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 24.8 (76.6) | 21.9 (71.4) | 17.7 (63.9) | 13.1 (55.6) | 20.1 (68.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) | 3.3 (37.9) | 6.9 (44.4) | 9.3 (48.7) | 17.3 (63.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 14.3 (57.7) | 8.9 (48.0) | 2.5 (36.5) | 2.5 (36.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 46.6 (1.83) | 47.5 (1.87) | 73.9 (2.91) | 183.7 (7.23) | 265.3 (10.44) | 323.5 (12.74) | 273.0 (10.75) | 299.2 (11.78) | 197.0 (7.76) | 63.2 (2.49) | 37.7 (1.48) | 36.7 (1.44) | 1,847.3 (72.72) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.2 | 9.0 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 16.6 | 19.4 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 12.8 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 142.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 73 | 78 | 82 | 83 | 82 | 83 | 81 | 82 | 78 | 71 | 69 | 67 | 77 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 111.8 | 84.9 | 70.7 | 92.2 | 137.6 | 160.1 | 201.0 | 184.3 | 170.2 | 177.4 | 156.1 | 139.8 | 1,686.1 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 33 | 26 | 19 | 24 | 34 | 40 | 49 | 46 | 47 | 50 | 47 | 42 | 38 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Kaiping Diaolous (碉楼) are fortified multi-storey towers constructed in the village countryside of mainly the Kaiping area. They were built from the earlyQing dynasty to the early 20th century, reaching a peak in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid ofoverseas Chinese, when there were more than three thousand of these structures. Today, 1,833diaolou are still standing, with the most in the towns of Shuikou (水口镇), Tangkou (塘口镇), Baihe (百合镇), Chikan (赤坎镇), and Xiangang (蚬冈镇), in that order (see map in article by Batto).[10]
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, and a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back byoverseas Chinese,Huaqiao, made good.[2] As a consequence, many watchtowers incorporated architectural features from China and the West. These were examples of the Qiaoxiang (僑鄉) architecture.[11] Thediaolou were built by villagers during a time of chaos and served two purposes: housing and protecting against forays by bandits.[10]
In 2007, theKaiping diaolou and villages were added to the list ofUNESCO World Heritage Sites and consist of four separate restored village areas: Zilicun village (自力村) in Tangkou, Sanmenli village (三门里) in Chikan, Jinjiangli village (锦江里) in Xiangang, and Majianglong village cluster (马降龙村落群) in Baihe township.[12]
The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movieLet the Bullets Fly (让子弹飞).[13]
Examples of diaolous include:
Chikan (赤坎) is officially designated as a National Historic and Cultural Town of China (中国历史文化名镇). The old town of Chikan has many historical sites that are about one hundred years old. For example, it has over 600 late-Qing and early-Republic historicTong laus or Qilous (唐樓/ 騎樓) continuous, spanning over a length of 3 kilometers, including the riverside stretch along Dixi Lu (堤西路), sometimes referred to as 'European Styled Street'. Part of old Chikan town has been designated Chikan Studio City (赤坎影视城) for filming of historical scenes.
Chikan township also has two restoreddiaolous:Yinglonglou, built by the Guan (关族) lineage in the Ming dynasty, andNanlou, memorialized by the martyrdom of seven Situ clan (司徒族) members in the early 20th century.
Historically, Chikan has been shaped by these two competing clans.[2] One example is the existence of two libraries: theSitu's library, opened in 1926, and, not to be outdone, theGuan's library, opened in 1931; both libraries funded by overseas Chinese and incorporated architecture features from overseas.
It is a famous and well-known location for braised pork in noodles to locals.
Chikan is to become a tourist destination and the closing of local stores, dining posts, and streets are scheduled for the summer of 2017.[14]
Kaiping has been twinned withMesa, Arizona, United States, since October 18, 1993.
Kaiping was a major source of emigrants at the turn of the 20th century. As a result, a large number of early Chinese Canadian and Chinese American communities had people who originated from Kaiping and its neighboring counties ofTaishan, Enping and Xinhui, which is known collectively asSze Yup. It is said that there are more Kaipingnese people living abroad today than there are Kaipingnese in Kaiping. In a 2016 report, Deloitte estimated that there are 750,000 Kaiping-born overseas Chinese.[15]
In 1973, various people originated from Kaiping started theHoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School inHong Kong.
...the diaolou were built in the countryside, in villages and on the initiative of the peasants themselves. Contrary to normal expectations, thanks to emigration we can see a certain "cosmopolitanism" among the peasants in Kaiping... the diaolou are the epitome of overseas Chinese culture, embodied in stone.
4. < 廣東省廣州市佛山地區韶關地區沿革地理》(history and geographical cha es of Guangzhou region, Foshan region and Shaoguan region)
{{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help), reprinted 2000.Guangdong Zheng Guangzhou shi fishan di qu Shaoguan di qu yuan he di Li (history of geographical alterations of Guangzhou, Foshan and Shaoguan (廣東省廣州市佛山地區韶關地區沿革地理》) Author: Zhu, peng Xur Lin publishing limited 1984
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Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area) | ||
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