Hohenems Ems | |
|---|---|
 Town centre | |
 Coat of arms | |
 Location within Dornbirn district | |
  Hohenems Location within Austria | |
| Coordinates:47°22′00″N09°40′00″E / 47.36667°N 9.66667°E /47.36667; 9.66667 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Vorarlberg |
| District | Dornbirn |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Dieter Egger (FPÖ) |
| Area | |
• Total | 29.17 km2 (11.26 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 432 m (1,417 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01)[2] | |
• Total | 16,317 |
| • Density | 559.4/km2 (1,449/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6845 |
| Area code | 05576 |
| Vehicle registration | DO |
| Website | www.hohenems.at |
Hohenems (High Alemannic:Ems) is a town in the Austrianstate ofVorarlberg in theDornbirn district. It lies in the middle of the Austrian part of theRhine valley. With a population of 16,946,[3] it is the fifth largest municipality in Vorarlberg and currently has the fastest population growth in the state. Hohenems' attractions include aRenaissance palace dating back to the 16th century, a Jewish history museum, and the old town center.
The town is located at 432 metres (1,417 feet) above sea level, about 16 km (10 miles) south ofLake Constance. Hohenems extends for 5.5 km (3.4 mi) from north to south and 8.2 km (5.1 mi) from west to east. Its total area is 29 square kilometres (11 sq mi), of which 42% is covered with forest. Theoxbow lake of the river Rhine in the west, forming the border of Austria as well asEU to Switzerland, and the mountainside in the east is at the narrowest point of the Austrian Rhine valley. TheSchlossberg ("castle mountain"), elevation 740 metres (2,428 feet), offers a distinctive backdrop to the town center.
Hohenems is divided into the neighborhoods of Markt (centre), Oberklien and Unterklien (north), Hohenems-Reute (east), Schwefel (south) and Herrenried (west). It is surrounded by six other communities,Lustenau andDornbirn in the Dornbirn district (north and east),Fraxern,Götzis andAltach in theFeldkirch district (south) andDiepoldsau in theSwiss cantonSt. Gallen (west).
The summit of theSchlossberg rock, within 45 minutes walk from the town center, is crowned by the ruins ofAlt-Ems, a castle dating back to the 9th century CE. From the 12th century it was among the largest fortifications in the south of theGerman kingdom.[4] The stronghold was very extensive, with a length of up to 800 m (2,625 ft) and a width of 85 m (280 ft). It reached its peak of fame from the 13th to 16th centuries, as a residence of many lords and knights of Hohenems. As they were loyalministeriales of theHohenstaufen dynasty, the castle served as a prison for notable prisoners like the Norman kingWilliam III of Sicily, who probably died there in 1198.
Hohenems was granted municipal rights and liberties (GermanStadtrecht) in 1333, but the town did not make use of these rights for 650 years until, in 1983, the government of Vorarlberg granted Hohenems full status as a "municipality".
TheBurg Neu-Ems (also called "Schloss Glopper"), built in 1343, is located on a mountain promontory near Alt-Ems. In 1407 both castles were destroyed during theAppenzell Wars, but rebuilt shortly afterwards. Burg Neu-Ems is still intact today and is the private property of theWaldburg-Zeil family.
The Renaissance palace stands at the foot of the Schlossberg and dominates the main square of town, theSchlossplatz. It was built from 1562 to 1567, according to plans by architectMartino Longhi the Elder at the initiative of Cardinal Marcus Sittich Hohenems (Altemps), architect who also designed the Cardinal’s palace in Rome. Religious wars and a plague decimated the population and devastated the area over the next century, ironically the time of the greatest power of the (Protestant)Counts of Hohenems, when they acquiredVaduz Castle from what was later to becomeLiechtenstein.[5] Two manuscripts of theNibelungenlied were found in Hohenems, in 1755 and 1779, in the palace's library.[6]
The first café (1797), bank and printing office (1920) of Vorarlberg were opened in Hohenems.
The Jewish community in Hohenems had its beginnings with a charter in 1617. Soon thereafter asynagogue, a ritual bath (mikvah), a school and a poorhouse were built. A cemetery was established on the southern outskirts of town. Jewish economic activity in the town resulted in the first coffee house in 1797, and in 1841, the first bank and insurance company in Vorarlberg. The Hohenems Jewish community celebrated its golden era around 1862, with nearly 600 Jewish citizens, 12% of the population. The Jewish presence in town was terminated in 1942 with thedeportation of the last remaining Jew, Frieda Nagelberg, to Vienna and eventually toIzbica.[7] Recently three Jewish people have moved into Hohenems.
The synagogue survived theKristallnacht without damage. It was acquired by the municipality after the war and converted into a fire station. All objects pertaining to its use as a synagogue were removed or destroyed. In 2001 the synagogue was renovated and it now used as a cultural centre.[8] The Jewish quarter, which has had historical preservation status since 1996, includes numerous townhouses and mansions surrounding the synagogue. Along with the formerChristengasse ("Christian Lane"), renamedMarktstrasse (Market Street), it forms the urban core of Hohenems.
In 1991, theJewish Museum Hohenems was opened in a mansion in the center of the Jewish quarter. The museum commemorates the history of the Jewish community in Hohenems. The many remaining objects it exhibits bear witness to the former flourishing Jewish community in Hohenems. As part of its remembrance culture, a section of the museum is dedicated to the memory of the darkest chapter in Vorarlberg history – the national socialist period, and its attempts to eliminate all traces of Jewish culture in Vorarlberg and beyond. The Jewish cemetery south of the town dates to the first Jewish settlement in 1617 and is still in use today. It contains more than 500 graves, with 370 surviving gravestones.[9]
2004–2015: Richard Amann
Since December 2015: Dieter Egger (born 1969)
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 4,191 | — |
| 1880 | 4,428 | +5.7% |
| 1890 | 4,972 | +12.3% |
| 1900 | 5,652 | +13.7% |
| 1910 | 6,456 | +14.2% |
| 1923 | 5,153 | −20.2% |
| 1934 | 5,514 | +7.0% |
| 1939 | 5,734 | +4.0% |
| 1951 | 6,990 | +21.9% |
| 1961 | 9,188 | +31.4% |
| 1971 | 11,487 | +25.0% |
| 1981 | 12,666 | +10.3% |
| 1991 | 13,531 | +6.8% |
| 2001 | 13,891 | +2.7% |
| 2011 | 15,149 | +9.1% |
Apart from the historical sites, the town center is rapidly developing a modest urban ambience, with hotels, shops, and restaurants. On the outskirts of town there are large businesses, with branches of multinational retail chains and a ten-screenmultiplex. On the way to the mountain villageReute, high above Hohenems, there is a unique museum –Stoffels Säge-Mühle ("Stoffel's Sawmill") – which presents the history of saw milling and mill grinding technologies.
Hohenems has several leisure amenities. In the mountain area there is a small ski resort (Schuttannen) and a rock-climbing area calledLöwenzähne ("Lion's Teeth") with walls up to 150 m (500 ft) and level 10. There also is a wide range of hiking trails and mountain biking routes nearby. The town boasts of the largest recreational centers (13 hectares) in Vorarlberg,[10] situated on the banks of the river Rhine's oxbow lake.
One section of the hospital in Hohenems was originally built in 1908, and has now been totally renovated. Called theKaiserin-Elisabeth-Krankenhaus ("Empress Elisabeth hospital"), it is a magnificent example ofArt Nouveau architecture. It hosts thepalliative care unit. The modern General Hospital was built in 1972.
Two state roads, theVorarlberger Strasse L190 and theRheinstrasse L203 cross the municipality from north to south. The L46 leads from the town center to the customs buildings at the border to Switzerland. Hohenems has motorway access to theRheintal/Walgau-Autobahn (Austrian A14/European route E60).
Hohenems railway station is on the main west–east route connecting theVorarlberg railway line (Vorarlbergbahn) in the directionsBregenz andInnsbruck. The train system is operated by the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB).
The soleairfield in Vorarlberg, with a 630 m (2,066 ft) runway, is located within the municipal borders[11]
Hohenems was one of the locations in the Swiss-Austrian filmAkte Grüninger.[12][13]
The town is the site of the climax ofDennis Wheatley's novel about the 1914 outbreak of the First World War,The Second Seal (1950).
Bernard Levin mentions Hohenems in his bookConducted Tour (1982) as being the location of a music festival where all the works ofFranz Schubert were performed in chronological order.
Hohenems hastwinned with
Bystré andPolička in theCzech Republic(since 1997)[14]
Ostfildern in theGermany(since 2009)[15]
The honor of discovering the Manuscript C of the "Nibelungenlied" and of restoring it to the world of literature belongs to a young physician by the name of J.H. Obereit, who found the work at the castle of Hohenems on June 29, 1755.
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