Hoboksar County Qobuqsar, Hefeng | |
|---|---|
Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ和布克赛尔蒙古自治县 قوبۇقسار موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى قوبىقسارى موڭعۇل اۆتونوميالىق اۋدانى ᡍᡆᡋᡇᡎᠰᠠᡅᠷ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᠱᡅᡕᠠᠨ | |
.jpg) | |
.png) | |
  Hoboksar Location in Xinjiang Show map of Dzungaria Hoboksar Hoboksar (Xinjiang) Show map of Xinjiang Hoboksar Hoboksar (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates:46°47′N85°43′E / 46.783°N 85.717°E /46.783; 85.717 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Tacheng |
| Township-level divisions | 2 towns and 5 townships |
| County seat | Hoboksar Town [zh] |
| Area | |
• Total | 28,784 km2 (11,114 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 61,785 |
| • Density | 2.1465/km2 (5.5594/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Postal code | 834400 |
| Area code | 0901 |
| Website | www |
| Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 和布克赛尔蒙古自治县 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 和布克賽爾蒙古自治縣 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 和丰县 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 和豐縣 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Mongolian name | |||||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | Ховогсайр Монгол өөртөө засах шянь | ||||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Uyghur name | |||||||||
| Uyghur | قوبۇقسار | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Kazakh name | |||||||||
| Kazakh | قوبىقسارى موڭعۇل اۆتونوميالىق اۋدانى Qobyqsary Moñğūl avtonomialy audany Қобықсары Моңғұл автономйалы ауданы | ||||||||
| Oirat name | |||||||||
| Oirat | ᡍᡆᡋᡆᡎᠰᠠᡅᠷᡅ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᠱᡅᡕᠠᠨ Qoboγsairi mongγol ebereen zasaqu šiyan | ||||||||
Hoboksar (Chinese:和布克赛尔蒙古自治县;pinyin:Hébùkèsài'ěr Měnggǔ Zìzhìxiàn), sometimes referred with the historic nameHefeng County (和丰县;Héfēng Xiàn), is anautonomous county forMongol people in the middle north ofXinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,Western China, it is under the administration ofTacheng Prefecture. The county has an area of 28,784 km2 (11,114 sq mi) with a population of 62,100 (as of2010 Census).[2] It has eight towns and townships and seven farms,Hoboksar Town is itscounty seat.[3]
The name ofHoboksar (Ховогсайр) was individually referred to as "Hobok" (ховог) and "Sar" (сайр) from theMongolian language. Hobok isHobok River, it means "sika deer", the river was named after its river basin within huge amount of sika deer in the past. Sar is theSalair Mountains and it means horseback, the mountain was named after its shape like a horseback.[2]
At the latest starting from theQin dynasty, theSaka people appeared in the place of present Hoboksar area. This was followed by theUsans andXiongnu people.
The place was part ofUsan Sate in theWestern Han period. It was merged to theRear Jushi Kingdom (車師後國) in theEastern Han andThree Kingdoms periods. It was part ofXianbei during theJin period, part ofRouran Khaganate, followed by theFirst Turkic Khaganate,Western Turkic Khaganate in the period ofNorthern and Southern dynasties. It was under the administration ofKunling Protectorate (崑陵都護府) of theTang dynasty in 657, ruled byKarluks in 789,Uyghur Khaganate in 808,Kyrgyz Khaganate in 840 andQara Khitai in 1127, it was merged to theYuan dynasty in 1218, became thedominion ofÖgedei Khan in 1225, then after that, the territory ofBeshbalik Province (Beiting) andAlmaliq Province in 1280, it was merged toChagatai Khanate during 1324 - 1328.
It was part ofEastern Chagatai Khanate (Beshbalik Khaganate) in 1370, the herd land of theOirats tribe in the 5th century. AfterBatur's succession toKhong Tayiji in 1636, he quickly unified theOirats tribes in the North Xinjiang, with Hoboksar as the base camp. Batur built a castle five kilometers away southeast of the presentcounty seat ofHoboksar Town between 1639 - 1643.[4]
The place of Hoboksar was under jurisdiction of Tarbaghatay Ministerial Attache (塔爾巴哈臺參贊大臣, under leadship of theGeneral of Ili; "Tarbaghatay", the prensentTacheng Prefecture) in 1758. TheTorghut Tribe back far away from the south side of RussianVolga River, immigrated to Hoboksar in 1771.[2]
Hoxtolgay Xianzuo (和什托洛蓋縣佐, similar to a division under vicecounty magistrate; in the presentHoxtolgay Town) under jurisdiction ofShawan County, was formed in 1915 and it was transferred to Tacheng Circuit (塔城道) in 1916. Hoxtolgay Xianzuo was changed toHoxtolgay Division (和什托洛蓋設治局) and theHefeng Division (和豐設治局) was formed in 1941.Hefeng County (和豐縣) was organized in 1944 and its county seat is in the present Hoboksar Town. Hefeng County was renamed to Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County on September 10, 1954.[5]
Hoboksar County is located south of theTarbagatai-Saur mountain range and its northern part, where most of the county's population lives, receives some water from streams (such as theBaiyang River) flowing from the snow-capped mountains. The southeastern part of the county is inGurbantünggüt Desert.
Historically, the large Alan Nur andManas Lake were located in the desert southwestern part of the county; they received water, at least intermittently, both from the streams flowing across the desert from the north and from the south (via theManas River). Due to the increasing water diversion for irrigation and other human needs, as well as geological processes, the Alan Nur has fully dried out, and the Manas Lake is in a fairly precarious situation as well.[6]
TheIrtysh–Karamay Canal, constructed around the turn of the 21st century, crosses the county's southeastern part; the canal'sFengcheng Reservoir is located on the county's border withKaramay City'sUrho District.
A point situated some 30 miles ESE ofHoxtolgay Town is listed as the farthest point from the sea (at46°16.8′N86°40.2′E / 46.2800°N 86.6700°E /46.2800; 86.6700) by theGuinness Book of World Records. It is roughly 2646 kilometres away from theArctic Ocean and a similar distance from theBay of Bengal and theArabian Sea (seeContinental Pole of Inaccessibility for other candidates).
The "record-setting" location of the county attracted the attention of advertisers for theCorona beer brand, who staged and documented a trip of a few residents of the village of Bulin (布林),46°43′13″N86°7′59″E / 46.72028°N 86.13306°E /46.72028; 86.13306), in Hoboksar County's Qagankol Township to the sea coast inHainan Island.[7]
Hoboksar administered 2towns, 6townships.[8]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolian (Traditional) | Mongolian (Cyrillic) | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Kazakh (Arabic script) | Kazakh (Cyrillic script) | Administrative division code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||||||
| Hoboksar Town | 和布克赛尔镇 | Hébùkèsài'ěr Zhèn | ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ | Хувсайр балгас | قوبۇقسار بازىرى | qobuqsar baziri | قوبىقسارى قالاشىعى | Қобықсары қалашығы | 654226100 |
| Hoxtolgay Town | 和什托洛盖镇 | Héshítuōluògài Zhèn | ᠬᠣᠣᠰᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ | Хостолгой балгас | قوشتولغاي بازىرى | qoshtolghay baziri | قوستولعاي قالاشىعى | Қостолғай қалашығы | 654226101 |
| Townships | |||||||||
| Xazgat Township | 夏孜盖乡 | Xiàzīgài Xiāng | ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Шаазгайт шиян | شازغەت يېزىسى | shazghet yëzisi | شازعەت اۋىلى | Шазғет ауылы | 654226200 |
| Tebkinusan Township | 铁布肯乌散乡 | Tiěbùkěnwūsàn Xiāng | ᠲᠡᠪᠬᠡᠨ᠋ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Дэвхөнөөсөн шиян | تېبكىن ئۇسان يېزىسى | tëbkin Usan yëzisi | تەكپىسۋ اۋىلى | Тәкпісу ауылы | 654226201 |
| Qagankol Township | 查干库勒乡 | Chágànkùlè Xiāng | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠤᠯ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Цагаан гол шиян | چاغانكۆل يېزىسى | chaghanköl yëzisi | شاعانكول اۋىلى | Шағанкөл ауылы | 654226202 |
| Bayan Obo Township | 巴音傲瓦乡 | Bāyīn'àowǎ Xiāng | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ᠋ᠣ᠋ᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Баянөваа шиян | بايىن ئاۋۋا يېزىسى | bayin Awwa yëzisi | بايىنوبا اۋىلى | Байыноба ауылы | 654226203 |
| Motge Township | 莫特格乡 | Mòtègé Xiāng | ᠮᠥᠲᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Мөтүгэй шиян | مۆتگې يېزىسى | mötgë yëzisi | موتكە اۋىلى | Мөтке ауылы | 654226204 |
| Qahat Township | 查和特乡 | Cháhétè Xiāng | ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Цахад шиян | چاخېت يېزىسى | chaxgët yëzisi | شاعىتى اۋىلى | Шағыты ауылы | 654226205 |
| Climate data for Hoboksar, elevation 1,322 m (4,337 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) | 8.8 (47.8) | 19.7 (67.5) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.3 (88.3) | 33.9 (93.0) | 37.7 (99.9) | 34.7 (94.5) | 31.7 (89.1) | 26.4 (79.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 10.8 (51.4) | 37.7 (99.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.7 (19.9) | −3.4 (25.9) | 3.8 (38.8) | 13.3 (55.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 24.4 (75.9) | 25.9 (78.6) | 24.6 (76.3) | 18.6 (65.5) | 10.5 (50.9) | 1.1 (34.0) | −5.1 (22.8) | 10.5 (50.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.8 (9.0) | −9.5 (14.9) | −2.3 (27.9) | 6.8 (44.2) | 12.8 (55.0) | 18.1 (64.6) | 19.7 (67.5) | 18.1 (64.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 4.3 (39.7) | −4.3 (24.3) | −10.7 (12.7) | 4.4 (39.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.9 (1.6) | −14.1 (6.6) | −7.1 (19.2) | 1.2 (34.2) | 6.8 (44.2) | 12.2 (54.0) | 14.1 (57.4) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.5 (43.7) | −0.5 (31.1) | −8.2 (17.2) | −14.6 (5.7) | −0.7 (30.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.6 (−23.1) | −28.5 (−19.3) | −24.1 (−11.4) | −20.6 (−5.1) | −6.5 (20.3) | 1.4 (34.5) | 5.3 (41.5) | −0.7 (30.7) | −7.7 (18.1) | −16.7 (1.9) | −31.1 (−24.0) | −32.0 (−25.6) | −32.0 (−25.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 4.4 (0.17) | 2.9 (0.11) | 6.1 (0.24) | 8.4 (0.33) | 15.8 (0.62) | 24.7 (0.97) | 42.1 (1.66) | 27.8 (1.09) | 11.5 (0.45) | 5.5 (0.22) | 6.2 (0.24) | 4.6 (0.18) | 160 (6.28) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.0 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 7.3 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 9.1 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 76.7 |
| Average snowy days | 8.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2.8 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 45.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 65 | 63 | 57 | 46 | 42 | 45 | 49 | 47 | 47 | 54 | 64 | 67 | 54 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 172.6 | 188.7 | 245.1 | 265.5 | 307.5 | 290.9 | 291.5 | 292.2 | 267.2 | 227.7 | 156.3 | 144.8 | 2,850 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 61 | 63 | 65 | 64 | 65 | 62 | 62 | 68 | 73 | 69 | 57 | 55 | 64 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[9][10][11]NOAA[12] | |||||||||||||
TheChinese Mongols that live inBayingolin and Hoboksar come from varied origins. A majority areTorghuts, who speak theOirat language.Chahar Mongols who immigrated fromInner Mongolia also live in Hoboksar and Bayingolin, and there are alsoUriankhai Mongols, who are considered Mongols in China butTuvans to some outside observers. A fair number ofDaur people andDongxiang people live in Hoboksar especially and they speakMongolic languages.[13]
Hoboksar is traditionally considered the place of origin of theEpic of Jangar. The Jangar Culture and Art Palace (江格尔文化艺术宫) was opened in the county in 2014.[14][15]
China National Highway 217 and the newKuytun–Beitun Railway both cross Hoboksar county along the same north–south corridor. There is daily passenger service at theHoxtolgay station.
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)| Regions |
|  | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prefectures andcounties |
| ||||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
