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This article compiles information about thehistory of the first football clubs in Italy. The practice of football in the country began in the late 19th century, with the founding of the first clubs, which played a key role in popularizing and organizing the sport. These clubs contributed to the development of the first official competitions and helped establish football as one of Italy's leading sports, reflecting cultural and social changes in the country.
Discussions about which Italian football clubs are the oldest are controversial due to the fact that some teams that were protagonists in the early days of modernfootball (in the country that includes distant versions of theball game, such ascalcio storico fiorentino)[1] were founded as football sections ofmulti-sport clubs that provided separate sections for different disciplines (e.g.athletics,gymnastics,cycling, andcricket),[2][3][4] or practiced the new sport within clubs before the formal creation of sections dedicated to football.[5] In some cases, no football section was formed and the sport remained unofficial.[6]
In addition, some of the first football events were the tournaments organized by theItalian National Gymnastics Federation (FGNI, later FGI), i.e. not a purely football organization.[7][8][9] Gymnastics football, officially called "giuoco del calcio", had its origins in the city ofRovigo, where the professor of physical educationFrancesco Gabrielli began to promote it in 1893, and inTreviso, where the first edition of theGare Nazionali dei Giuochi Ginnastici was held in 1896.[7][8][9] The rules of gymnastic football, initially characterized by numerous peculiarities elaborated by Gabrielli himself, were gradually brought into line with the regulations established by theInternational Football Association Board (IFAB), until their complete adoption on May 6, 1903.[7][8][9]
Although theFederazione Ginnastica thus had an older football tradition than theFederazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio, founded on March 26, 1898 as FIF (Federazione Italiana del Football), and the aforementioned events were originally considered official national championships,[7][8][9] FIGC only recognized the tournaments it organized (the first of which was the1898 Italian Football Championship won by theGenoa Cricket and Football Club), as well as the threeFirst,Second and Third Division tournaments organized by theItalian Football Confederation (CCI) in the 1921-1922 season.[10] However, FIF, which, unlike FGNI, adopted the full IFAB regulations from the outset, did not join the organization until 1913, when the newly formedFédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) became a member.[11] For this reason, the entire Italian football activity was technically born outside the IFAB, as was that of the entire world with the exception of theBritish Isles, an element that allowed the regulatory independence of the national federations (which insome cases has continued to exist).[citation needed]
This and other factors, such as the fact that some groups of sportsmen played football sporadically under the name of unregistered clubs, make it difficult to carry out a direct and definitive historical reconstruction to determine which was the first football team founded in Italy.[citation needed]
The following is a list of the football clubs or sections founded in Italy up to 1900, by region to which they belong, with particular reference to the regional capitals; however, if there are no clubs founded in the 19th century in a given region, the oldest teams in the area and its administrative center are listed.[citation needed]
If the sources do not indicate a different date, the creation of the football section of a club is considered to be contemporary with the creation of the club itself.[citation needed]
It seems that in the 19th century in and aroundAosta there was no team dedicated officially or unofficially to football. The earliest known team in the city, as well as in the wholeValley, was the football section of theAugusta Praetoria, founded in 1908 and disbanded in 1910. It should not be confused with the almost homonymousAugusta Praetoria Sports, an early incarnation of theUnione Sportiva Aosta (1911).[12]
Further information on less recent football activity is scarce. The other most notable club in the area isVallée d'Aoste ofSaint-Christophe, which was founded in 1971.[13]
In Turin, with the exception of theReale Società Ginnastica di Torino (founded in 1844,[3] but which did not establish its football section until 1897),[14] the first club was theTorino Football & Cricket Club, founded in 1887.[15][16][17][18][19][20] The Torino Football & Cricket Club then merged with the Nobili Torino (a club founded in 1889),[15][21] to formInternazionale Torino in 1891.[15] Also in thePiedmontese capital, theFoot-Ball Club Torinese was founded in 1894 as the football section of the Circolo Pattinatori Valentino 1874,[15][21][22] (and became an autonomous club three years later),[23] followed in 1897 byUnione Football (a little-known gymnastics team whose founding date is purely indicative),[24] andSport-Club Juventus, and in 1899 by Sport-Club Audace Torino.[15]
Outside ofTurin, the people ofAlessandria were the most involved in football. According to some accounts, the sport was introduced to the people of Alessandria in 1891 byEdoardo Bosio,[24] and in 1894 a match was played between a local team andGenoa.[25] Later, in 1896, theUnione Pro Sport Alessandria was founded, and in 1898 another team, about which there is no further information, was formed.[24] In the rest ofPiedmont, the Società Ginnastica Pro Vercelli, founded in 1887, but whosesection dedicated to football was founded in 1903,[26][27] and theSocietà Ginnastica Pietro Micca ofBiella, founded in 1899 under the nameSocietà Ginnastica Biellese, which officially began playing football in 1902, are particularly noteworthy.[28][29] Other clubs that practiced football, but exclusively in the context of gymnastics, were the Società Ginnastica Pro Novara, founded in 1881 asSocietà Ginnastica e Scherma Novara,[30] theSocietà Ginnastica Forza e Virtù, founded inNovi Ligure in 1892,[31] and theSan Filippo Neri ofTortona, of uncertain date of foundation.[31] In 1898, there are also reports of a match between gymnastic teams inCuneo,[32] and the foundation of the Unione Sportiva Trinese (fully active in football since 1919).[33] Finally, in 1900, theIvrea Sporting Club was founded, whosefootball team was formed in 1901.[34]
In 1893,Genoa CFC was founded inGenoa, the oldest Italian football club still active and the one with the oldest founding document,[2][35] although it was already active in 1890 without official status, using a pitch lent to the future Genoans by Wilson and McLaren, two Scottish industrialists.[36] Also competing to represent the capital ofLiguria at the time were the Società Ginnastica Andrea Doria, founded in 1895,[37] with a football section founded in 1900,[38] and two clubs from theSampierdarena district (then an independent town, not yet incorporated into the capital): the Liguria Foot Ball Club, founded in 1897,[39] and the Società Ginnastica Sampierdarenese, founded in 1891[40] but with afootball section founded in 1899.[41][42] The Società Ginnastica Ligure Cristoforo Colombo, founded in 1877,[43] also established a football section, but not until 1907,[41] while the Società Ginnastica Raffaele Rubattino, founded in 1894, did not establish a dedicated section until 1906.[44][45] Similarly, the Unione Sportiva Sestri Ponente 1897, based in theGenoese suburb of the same name (an autonomous municipality at the time), founded a football section in the century following the one in question, which was later incorporated into theFratellanza Sportiva Sestrese Calcio 1919,[46][47] while theSocietà Ginnastica Nicolò Barabino, founded in 1897 in Sampierdarena, did not create a specific section for football.[42]
Outside the context ofGreat Genoa, one finds theFratellanza Ginnastica Savonese and theUnione Sportiva San Filippo Neri ofAlbenga, founded in 1883 and 1893 respectively, which did not develop the practice of football in an official capacity until the century following their foundation.[48][49] The Fratellanza Ginnastica Savonese, in particular, founded its "games section" (Savona Calcio) in 1907,[50] while the Società Ginnastica Pro Chiavari was also founded in 1893[51] and created its first "football section" in 1915, temporarily absorbing theEntella Foot-Ball Club.[52]
Milan's oldest football team was the Societa' per l'Educazione Fisica Mediolanum, founded in 1896 asSocieta' Ginnastica Mediolanum,[4] with its football section founded in 1898.[53] The second team in the capital was theMilan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club, founded in 1899.[54] Other old clubs that played football, albeit unofficially, wereForza e Coraggio, founded in 1870,[42][55] andPro Patria Società Ginnastica di Milano,[56] founded in 1883,[42][55] in addition toPro Italia andCivici Pompieri.[42]
In the rest ofLombardy, however, the first football section was founded by theFoot Ball Club Casteggio 1898. Previously, in 1874 inLodi, theSocietà Lodigiana di Ginnastica e Scherma, which later became theAssociazione Sportiva Fanfulla (which founded its football section in 1908),[57] in 1876 theSocietà Ginnastica Gallaratese (which founded its football section in 1909), in 1878 the Società Ginnastica Monzese Forti e Liberi[58] and the Società Bergamasca di Ginnastica e Scherma (the latter inaugurated its football section in 1913) were founded in the field of gymnastics, in 1879 theSempre Liberi ofCassano Magnago (whose section was active in the following century),[59] and the Società Ginnastica Pavese (which managedPavia internally for two years in 1912-1913),[60] in 1881 the Società Ginnastica Pro Patria et Libertate ofBusto Arsizio, and in 1895 theSocietà Canottieri Lecco, which founded its football section in 1912. Also in the last years of the 19th century, but with doubtful dates, theLabor Sportiva ofSeregno (which merged in 1920 with theSeregno Foot Ball Club 1913)[61] and theUnione Ginnastica Vogherese (which also officially founded its football section in 1920, later merged with theAssociazione Vogherese Calcio) were founded.[62]
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The oldest sports club inTrento, among those that have played football in their history, seems to be theUnione Ginnastica, founded in 1860. This club, together with thePro Trento club (whose date of foundation is unknown), has been playing amateur football since the beginning of the 20th century.
Beyond the borders of the Municipality of Trento, three other multisport clubs, founded in the 19th century, had or have a football background: TheUnione Sportiva Rovereto, founded in 1878 as theUnione Ginnastica Roveretana, which developed into a football club in 1921; theTurnverein Meran, founded inMerano in 1886 (the year in which activity in the discipline began is unknown, as is the creation of a section dedicated to football); and the Unione Sportiva Arco, founded in 1895 in themunicipality of the same name, which formally initiated the practice of the sport in 1921.
InVenice, the first sports club dedicated to football was the Società Sportiva Costantino Reyer, founded in 1872, which inaugurated its football section in 1904. InMestre, a town that was first autonomous and later became part of the capital of Veneto in 1926, the Società Ginnastica Marziale was founded in 1878, whose section dedicated to football was unofficially created in 1892 and officially inaugurated in 1904 (already in 1889, British officers stationed in Mestre introduced the game to the inhabitants, eventually involving Marziale).[63]
Other early gymnastic associations in Veneto that were involved in football were the Istituzione Comunale Marcantonio Bentegodi, founded in 1868 as theSocietà Veronese di Ginnastica e Scherma (which began playing football in the early 20th century);[64] theSocietà Rodigina di Ginnastica Unione e Forza, founded in 1874 by the aforementioned Francesco Gabrielli and which began playing football on April 28, 1893; theSocietà Ginnastica Vicentina Umberto I[65][66] and the Fortitudo ofSchio, the latter dating back to 1875. Also unknown is the year of foundation of theSocietà Ginnastica Velocipedistica Trevigiana and theVittorio Veneto ofTreviso, which took part in the first gymnastics federation tournament in 1896. The first club in the region to form an official section dedicated to football wasVicenza (March 9, 1902).[67]
Trieste teams did not play football until 1900. The first known team was theBlack Star Football Club, founded in 1906 by Emilio Arnstein (future founder of theBologna Football Club 1909).[68]
The only club inFriuli-Venezia Giulia that played football before this date seems to have been theSocietà Udinese di Ginnastica e Scherma, founded in 1896 and winner of the first national gymnastics football competition held in the same year. Internally, however, it was not until 1911 that theAssociazione Calcio Udine was founded.[citation needed]
The only old Bolognese club dedicated to football was theSocietà Sezionale di Ginnastica in Bologna, founded in 1871 (and now known as the Società di Educazione Fisica Virtus), which organized the first recorded football exhibition in Italy on May 9, 1891, and opened a section dedicated to the discipline in 1910.[42]
Outside the capital, the first club inEmilia-Romagna dedicated to football was founded in 1870, theSocietà di Ginnastica e Scherma del Panaro (originally the "Società Dilettanti di Ginnastica"),[69] which began playing football in 1903;[70] it was followed in 1874 by theUnione Sportiva Ravennate (whose football section, now theSocietà Cooperativa Ravenna Sport, was founded in 1913),[71] and in 1876 by theSocietà Ginnastica Persicetana.[72] These clubs were followed in 1879 by theSocietà Ginnastica La Patria ofCarpi, which later also operated a football school,[73] and thePalestra Ginnastica Ferrara, which won the FGNI tournament in 1898 and operated exclusively in the gymnastics field;[74] in 1898 theUnione Sportiva Forti e Liberi ofForlì was founded, which in 1919 formed its football section (today'sForlì FC).[75] Finally, in the last years of the 19th century, the discipline made its first sporadic appearances inPiacenza.[76]
The capital ofTuscany also has a very old team. Its first football club, Florence Football Club,[77] was founded in 1898. It was preceded by thePalestra Ginnastica Fiorentina Libertas, founded in 1877, which did not establish a football section until 1912; in 1870, theClub Velocipedistico Fiorentino was founded, which merged with the Club Sportivo Ardire in 1903 to form theClub Sportivo Firenze, which established a football section in 1908.[78][79]
A similar fate befell the Sienese multisport clubMens Sana in Corpore Sano, founded in 1871. In 1904, some of its members split off to form the original nucleus ofSiena FC SSD, which in 1972 founded its own football club, theFootball Club Luigi Meroni.[citation needed]
The oldest club dedicated to football inPerugia, as inUmbria, seems to have been theSocietà Ginnastica Braccio Fortebraccio, founded in 1890 as a gymnastics club,[80] which became a multisport club in 1899 and officially dedicated to football in 1901.[80][81][82] However, the date of foundation of a similar club,Libertas,[83] which was active in football without apparently creating an official section, remains uncertain.[citation needed]
In addition to the Perugian clubs,Nestor Marsciano (1904),SPES Gubbio (1908) andUnione Sportiva Orvietana (1913) are also worth mentioning. While there is little information available on the first club, it is known that the other two were founded in 1913: however, both Gubbio and Orvietana have been unofficially active in football since 1910 (in the case of Orvietana, even before its actual foundation).[citation needed]
The oldest football club inAncona wasAC Ancona, founded in 1905. Before that, British sailors had brought football to the capital of theMarche region, but the sport was only played sporadically.[citation needed]
However, the first team in the region was Candido Augusto Vecchi (laterAscoli Calcio), founded inAscoli Piceno in 1898.[84][85] In the same year, the multisport clubVis Sauro Pesaro was founded, but did not start playing football until 1906. Also in 1899, theSocietà Polisportiva Grottammare was founded, whose football section was created in an unspecified year.[citation needed]
As in Genoa, football was brought toRome by foreigners from across the Channel. More precisely, it was the seminarians of the Catholic colleges reserved for British students who imported the new sport. In particular, the English and Welsh boys of theVenerable English College were responsible for the debut of football in the city, which dates back to 1892.[86][87] Within a few years, several sports clubs in the capital of Italy, all coming from the gymnastics sphere, began playing football: Società Ginnastica Roma, founded in 1890 and active since 1895;[88][89][90] theFootball Club Roma, founded in 1896;[88][89][90] theSporting Club Roma, founded in 1897;[88][89][90] theAssociazione Gioventù Cristiana (a political organization founded in the second half of the 19th century and involved in sports since at least 1898);[88] theSocietà Podistica Lazio, theVeloce Club Podistico, and theAudace Club Podistico, founded in 1900.[86][88] Notably, Lazio, dedicated to the game since 1901, was the only club among the aforementioned, along with Ginnastica Roma,[91][92] to abandon the gymnastic variant of football in favor of theIFAB variant, joiningFIF at least since 1908[93] and opening a section dedicated to football on October 3, 1910.[88][94][95][96][97] These teams were joined by theSocietà Ginnastica Forza e Coraggio, whose year of foundation is doubtful.[88]
In the rest of theLazio region, the sport was also practiced by theAssociazione Ginnastica Forza e Libertà ofRieti, founded in 1891, which participated in the 1901 FGNI tournament.[28][41]
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Information on the early history of football inAbruzzo is fragmentary and all dates back to the 19th century. The first records of football inL'Aquila date back to the 1910s, when the football sections of multisport clubs such asAmiternina andFolgore developed. In 1915 theL'Aquila Foot-Ball Club was founded.
However, it is likely that the regional capital was preceded by other cities such asTeramo (where theGran Sasso multisport club was active),Pratola Peligna (wherePratola Calcio was founded in 1910, the first team whose founding year is known) andVasto (where the sport began to be played in 1902 and theSocietà Sportiva Umberto I was founded in 1911).
No football club was founded inMolise in the 19th century. The first one was probably theUnione Sportiva Campobasso (1919).[citation needed]
After the club of the capital,ASD Termoli Calcio 1920 was founded in 1920,S.S. Samnium Isernia was founded in 1928 (the year the team debuted in the Italian league),[98] andAssociazione Sportiva Agnone was founded in 1929 (the date of the first documented reference to it).[99]
The oldest sports club inNaples, among those that practice football, both at the gymnastic level (it participated in the FGNI tournament in 1901) and in its5-a-side variant, turns out to beVirtus Partenopea, founded in 1866[28][41] (within which Sportiva Napoli was founded in 1907).[100][101] Football made regional headlines in 1896, when the city hosted a football match between the Reale Club Canottieri Italia, a rowing and sailing club founded in 1889, and a mixed team from the other local nautical clubs.[102] However, the creation of a Neapolitan football club had to wait until 1905, when theFootball Club Partenopeo (also known as theNapoli Foot-Ball Club) was founded in April on the initiative of the sons ofEdoardo Scarfoglio andMatilde Serao,[103] and theNaples Foot-Ball Club (the football section of the Canottieri Italia) was founded in November.[103][104][105]
The first club inCampania, however, wasPuteoli Sport, founded inPozzuoli in 1902. Before that, the employees of the English shipyardArmstrong helped to spread the sport in the city.[citation needed]
Apulia was one of the first areas insouthern Italy where football was played, especially inBari, where English merchant ships, especially those of theCunard Line, docked and traded with the city. The first football events in the region took place in the capital: the first matches on June 22 and 29, 1899, organized by Professor Giuseppe Pezzarossa and played by the teams of the Nautical Institute and the Technical Institute; the first tournament took place on July 24, 1900, during a provincial exhibition, in which the joint team of the institutes competed in twelve matches against the team of the high school boys.[106][107][108] In February 1901, also in Bari, the first football club in the history of Apulia was founded, the Foot-Ball Challenge Club, formed by students who made their debut against the sailors of the English steamer Osiris.[109][110]
The Società Sportiva Pro Italia ofTaranto, on the other hand, was the first to be founded outside of the regional capital: its origins date back to 1904. In the same year, however, Taranto'sCircolo Studentesco Mario Rapisardi began practicing the sport unofficially.[citation needed]
As forBasilicata,Potenza Calcio is the first football club of the region and has been in existence since 1920.[111]
TheUnione Sportiva Moliternese, founded in 1922 inMoliterno, was the first to popularize the sport outside the capital,[112] while theCircolo Sportivo Vultur, founded in 1921 inRionero in Vulture, only started playing football in 1929.[citation needed]
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The first club inCalabria officially involved in football was probablyJuventus Catanzaro, a multisport club founded in 1908 in theregion's capital.
However, there are uncertainties about this fact, because in the same year football began to be played inCosenza and from then on clubs like theVirides Sport Club, theBrutium, theLiberta, theMilan Sport Club, theMeridionale, theFratelli Bandiera, theSavoia and theSperanza appeared; however, the exact dates of foundation of these clubs remain unknown. It is known that the Associazione Calcistica Locri 1909 was founded one year later.
The first contact with football by the citizens ofPalermo dates back to 1897, probably thanks to English sailors and theSport Club.[113] In 1900, however, the first football club inSicily, theAnglo-Panormitan Athletic and Foot-Ball Club, was founded in the capital.[114][115]
Also in 1900, theMessina Football Club was founded. However, the beginning of football inMessina is attributed to the Società Ginnastica Garibaldi of the nineteenth century, which founded its football section in 1910 by incorporating the Messina Football Club.[citation needed]
The first football match recorded in the history ofCagliari was played in 1902 between a group of students from the city and a team of sailors from Genoa. The first multisport clubs inSardinia to play football, albeit unofficially, were all from Cagliari: theSocietà Canottieri Ichnusa (1891), theSocietà Ginnastica Amsicora (1897) and theSocietà Ginnastica Eleonora d'Arborea (1900). The participation of Amsicora's athletes in a football competition held during theTurin International Exhibition of 1911 is well documented.[116][117]
The first recorded football matches on the island, however, took place inCalangianus at the end of the 19th century between British workers and technicians called in to build a railway line.[117] The two clubs that inaugurated the official Sardinian football activity were theSocietà Educazione Fisica Torres ofSassari and the Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Ilvamaddalena ofLa Maddalena (1903). Torres also played in the aforementioned Turin event.[citation needed]
Despite the fact that Genoa is the Italian football club with the oldest official charter, sources attribute the record of the first football team founded in Italy to the Turin Football & Cricket Club.[15][16][17][18][19][20]
The table in this section lists the association football teams that were officially established by the end of the 19th century. The names of those that still exist today are inbold. The list is not exhaustive, as there is a lack of information on some clubs.
With the exception of the multisport clubsGinnastica Torino (1844),[3]Sampierdarenese (June 6, 1891),[40]Andrea Doria (September 5, 1895),[37] andMediolanum (February 11, 1896),[4] the founding dates of the football sections coincide with the official founding dates of the clubs to which they belonged. At the same time, the disappearance of the football teams coincided with the definitive dissolution of the corresponding association, with the exception of the four clubs mentioned above, which are still active.[3][4][37][40]
| # | Team[118] | City[119] | Establishment of the team[120] | Official debut[121] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 |  Torino Football & Cricket Club |  Turin | March 13,[16] spring[17] or November[18] 1887 | Did not occur |
| 02 | .png) Nobili Torino | Turin | 1889 | Did not occur |
| 03 | .svg) Internazionale Torino | Turin | September 7-December 31[122] 1891 | May 8, 1898, 09:00 a.m. -FIFItalian Championship. |
| 04 |  Genoa Cricket and Football Club |  Genoa | September 7, 1893 | May 8, 1898, 11:00 a.m. - FIF Italian Championship. |
| 05 | Football Club Torinese | Turin | 1894 | May 8, 1898, 09:00 a.m. - FIF Italian Championship. |
| 06 |  Unione Pro Sport Alessandria | Alessandria | August 1896 | Did not occur[123] |
| 07 |  Reale Società Ginnastica di Torino | Turin | January 1-October 31[124] 1897 | May 8, 1898, 11:00 a.m. - FIF Italian Championship. |
| 07 |  Liguria Foot Ball Club | Sampierdarena (GE)[125] | April 1897 | December 10, 1911 -FIGCSeconda Categoria. |
| 07 |  Juventus Football Club | Turin | Autumn[126] 1897 | March 11, 1900 - FIFItalian Championship |
| 10 |  Foot Ball Club Casteggio 1898 |  Casteggio (PV) | 1898 | 1913 - FIGCPromozione. |
| 10 |  Società per l'Educazione Fisica Mediolanum | Milan | May 15, 1898 | April 14, 1901 - FIFItalian Championship |
| 10 |  Florence Football Club 1898 |  Florence | May 26, 1898 | March 15, 1908 - FIFTerza Categoria. |
| 10 |  Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC |  Ascoli Piceno | November 1[84][85] 1898 | 1926 - FIGC Terza Divisione. |
| 14 | Sport Club Audace Torino | Turin | January 1-May 13,[127] 1899 | March 2, 1902 - FIFItalian Championship |
| 14 |  Associazione Calcio Sampierdarenese | Genoa[128] | March 19, 1899 | April 8, 1900, 3:00 p.m. - FIFItalian Championship. |
| 16 | _e_Rosso_e_Nero_(Strisce).svg) Associazione Calcio Milan | Milan | December 18[129] 1899 | April 15, 1900 - FIF Italian Championship |
| 17 |  Società Ginnastica Andrea Doria | Genoa | January 1-August 10,[130] 1900 | March 9, 1902 - FIF Italian Championship |
| 18 | .svg) Palermo Football Club |  Palermo | November 1[113] 1900 | December 18, 1921 -CCIPrima Divisione |
| 19 |  Associazioni Calcio Riunite Messina | Messina | December 1, 1900 | December 18, 1921 - CCI Prima Divisione |
In 1892, Venerabile took the field for the first time with a soccer team.... It was in 1892, during a vacation at Monte Porzio Catone, that the students of Venerabile received permission from their rector to playassociation football.
