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In thehistory of political parties in China, the first major party in China was theKuomintang (KMT), which moved toTaiwan in 1949. It was founded in theRepublic of Hawaii on November 24, 1894, before being reorganized atGuangdong Province on August 25, 1912, from a union of several revolutionary groups. TheRepublic of China was founded by Kuomintang's leaderSun Yat-sen later that year. In 1921, theChinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded byChen Duxiu andLi Dazhao inShanghai as a study society, and an informal political network.
During theChinese Civil War, the CCP's military wing, thePeople's Liberation Army, defeated the Kuomintang'sNational Revolutionary Army (later theRepublic of China Army) in 1949. The Kuomintang leadership fledmainland China, and re-established itself in Taiwan.
After the founding of the Republic of China in 1912, a plethora of parties appeared to compete for the upcomingNational Assembly elections. The four largest winners were theNationalist Party representingrevolutionaries, theRepublican Party representingmilitarists, theUnity Party representing thegentry, and theDemocratic Party representing formerconstitutional monarchists. The latter three merged to form theProgressive Party in 1913. After the failedSecond Revolution againstYuan Shikai, the Nationalist leadership fled China and regrouped as theChinese Revolutionary Party. The Progressives were split into pro- and anti-Yuan factions during theNational Protection War.
During theWarlord Era, the Chinese Revolutionary Party which ruled in southern China renamed itself as theChinese Nationalist Party in 1919. Meanwhile, theBeiyang government in northern China held its own elections in 1918 which were won by theAnfu Club and followed by theCommunications Clique and theResearch Clique (successors to the Progressives). The Anfu Club dissolved after the 1920Zhili–Anhui War, the Communications Clique in theNorthern Expedition, and the Research Clique after the 1924Beijing Coup.
The CCP, formed in 1921, entered into aunited front with the Nationalists in 1923 to defeat the warlords. The right-wingYoung China Party (YCP) appeared in 1923. Following the 1925Yunnan–Guangxi War, ex-Nationalists who adhered to the expelledChen Jiongming andTang Jiyao created theChina Public Interest Party (CPIP). During the Northern Expedition, the Communists were purged from the united front while the Nationalists set up theirone-party state. Left-wing Nationalists and non-doctrinaire Communists formed the genesis of theChinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party (CPWDP) in the wake of the purge.
In 1935, former members of the Research Clique created theChinese National Socialist Party, they were known as the Socialists to avoid confusion with the GermanNazis. The CPWDP joined the short-livedProductive People's Party in theFujian Rebellion.. During theSecond Sino-Japanese War, the YCP, CPWDP, and the Socialists formed theChina Democratic League (CDL), as an umbrella group, to fight the Japanese while providing for a "Third Way". After the war, the YCP and the Socialists, joined the Nationalists in Taiwan. TheRevolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang, CPWDP, CDL, and the CPIP joined the Communists'United Front which also included severalpolitical pressure groups.
TheRepublic of China was founded by the Kuomintang (KMT) leader Dr.Sun Yat-sen in 1912. The Kuomintang's prior revolutionary political group, theRevive China Society, was founded on 24 November 1894. It later merged with various other revolutionary groups to form theTongmenghui in 1905. In August 1911, the Tongmenghui further merged with various other political parties in Beijing to form the KMT. In July 1914, the KMT re-organized itself as the "Chinese Revolutionary Party" inTokyo,Japan. In 1919, the party officially renamed itself as "Kuomintang of China", which literally translates to "Chinese Nationalist Party".[1] It was China's first major political party. In 1921, the CCP was founded byChen Duxiu andLi Dazhao inShanghai as a study society and an informal network. Slowly, the CCP began to grow. These were the two major political parties in China, during the time when the ROC ruledmainland China from 1911 to 1949.[citation needed]
During theChinese Civil War, under the leadership of the CCP, thePeople's Liberation Army defeated theNational Revolutionary Army of the Kuomintang in 1949. The Kuomintang had no choice but to leave mainland China and move toTaiwan. It continued to use the name "Republic of China" even though the CCP claimed that the Republic of China ceased to exist after 1949.
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