Hisor Tajik:Ҳисор | |
|---|---|
 Old castle in Hisor | |
  Hisor Location in Tajikistan | |
| Coordinates:38°31′35″N68°32′17″E / 38.5264°N 68.5381°E /38.5264; 68.5381 | |
| Country |  Tajikistan |
| Region | Districts of Republican Subordination |
| Elevation | 802 m (2,631 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
• City | 308,100 |
| • Urban | 29,100 |
| Time zone | UTC+5 |
Hisor (Tajik:Ҳисор) orHisar (Russian:Гиссар,Gissar) is a city in westernTajikistan, about 15 km west ofDushanbe. The city was the seat of the former Hisar District, and is part of theDistricts of Republican Subordination. It lies at an altitude of 799–824 m, surrounded by high mountains (Gissar Range to the north,Babatag andAktau ranges to the south).[2] The riverKhanaka, a tributary to theKofarnihon, flows through the town. Its population is estimated at 29,100 for the city proper and 308,100 for the city with the outlying communities (2020).[3] As of 2002, its population was composed 81.6% ofTajiks, 12.3%Uzbeks, 3.6%Russians, and 2.5% others.
The fort of Hisar, residence of the Bukharan governor, is said to date back toCyrus the Great and to have been captured twenty one times.[4]
In 1504 the region was conquered by Muhammad Shaybani.[5]Babur briefly conquered Hisar in 1511, but came back under control of the Uzbeks not long after. Hisar became a semi-independent principality in the next few decades and was ruled by a sultan, furnishing troops forBukhara's military campaigns.[5] In the 17th century the Tajiks became the dominant power in the region, obtaining the governorship of Hisar. During this period the Bukharan khanate was split between the khan in Bukhara and the ruler (usually one of his relatives) in Balkh, and Hisar was generally subordinate to the latter. The decline of Bukharan power after the assassination of Ubaydullah Khan in 1711 resulted in Hisor asserting its independence.[5]
Only after the signing of the conclusion of theRussian conquest of Bukhara with the signing of "Russian-Bukharan treaty of 1868", and with Russian military aid, was Bukhara able to reintegrate Hisar into its domain. With the dissolution of Bukhara and theNational delimitation in the Soviet Union, the region (and Eastern Bukhara as a whole) was again separated and it officially became the core of theTajik ASSR. The process was a result of practical consideration, as the Eastern half ofBukhara Emirate was more remote, more feudal, and less economically developed than the Western half (where the capitalBukhara was located), as well as the emergence of Tajik national identity, its divergence and clash with Uzbek national identity, and the result of intense debates and mutual compromise between the two emerging respective Tajik and Uzbek intelligentsias.
Hisar was made a city on June 26, 1993.
Before ca. 2018, Hisar was the seat ofHisar District, which covered the rural part of the present city of Hisar isor.[6] The city of Hisar covers Hisar proper, the townSharora and tenjamoats.[7] These are as follows:[8]
| Jamoat | Population (Jan. 2015)[8] |
|---|---|
| Sharora (town) | 12,700[6] |
| Almosi | 21,261 |
| Dehqonobod | 20,686 |
| Durbat | 20,052 |
| Hisor | 32,912 |
| Khonaqohikuhi | 27,624 |
| Mirzo Rizo | 25,971 |
| Mirzo Tursunzoda | 20,303 |
| Oriyon | |
| Navobod | 26,321 |
| Somon | 28,691 |
Hisar has ahot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classificationCsa). The average annual temperature is 14.1 °C or 57.4 °F. The hottest month is July with an average temperature of 23.9 °C or 75.0 °F and the coolest January with an average temperature of 1.7 °C or 35.1 °F. The average annual precipitation is 568 millimetres or 22.36 inches and there is an average of 90.5 days with precipitation. The wettest month is March with an average of 107.2 millimetres or 4.22 inches of precipitation and the driest month is August with an average of 0.8 millimetres or 0.03 inches.[1]
| Climate data for Hisar | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) | 3.2 (37.8) | 8.5 (47.3) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.9 (66.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 26.2 (79.2) | 24.6 (76.3) | 19.9 (67.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 4.6 (40.3) | 14.1 (57.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 65.7 (2.59) | 73.4 (2.89) | 107.2 (4.22) | 105.0 (4.13) | 86.2 (3.39) | 7.4 (0.29) | 3.8 (0.15) | 0.8 (0.03) | 3.1 (0.12) | 30.8 (1.21) | 43.2 (1.70) | 59.4 (2.34) | 568.0 (22.36) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.0 | 12.2 | 14.8 | 12.9 | 10.2 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 5.4 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 90.5 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 67.7 | 66.8 | 63.8 | 60.6 | 54.0 | 41.3 | 39.3 | 40.6 | 43.1 | 52.1 | 57.9 | 65.6 | 54.4 |
| Source:"The Climate of Hisar". Weatherbase. Retrieved2 August 2014. | |||||||||||||
Media related toHisor at Wikimedia Commons
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