| Hismaic | |
|---|---|
| Region | Hisma (ar) |
| Old North Arabian script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | hism1236 |
Hismaic (Arabic:حسمائية) is a variety of theAncient North Arabian script and the language most commonly expressed in it. The Hismaic script may have been used to writeSafaitic dialects ofOld Arabic, but the language of most inscriptions differs from Safaitic in a few important respects, meriting its classification as a separate dialect or language.[citation needed] Hismaic inscriptions are attested in theḤismā region [ar] of NorthwestArabia, dating to the centuries around and immediately following the start of theCommon Era. One striking feature of the script is that it lacks a definite article.
The Hismaic script is named afterHisma Desert, where it was mainly used, along with the surrounding areas up to central Jordan. It was discovered by F.V. Winnett who named it Thamudic E, and later G. King's work, it was renamed to "Hismaic".[1]
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Hismaic has undergone the merger of Proto-Semitic s¹ + s³, the same as all Arabic varieties and Dadanitic. There are clear instances ofd being used for /ḏ/ in the variant spellings of the divine nameḎū l-S2arā asds2r ords2ry – as against classicalḏs2r orḏs2ry, although these are probably Aramaicisms, under Nabataean influence.
The spellingʿbdmk forʿbdmlk suggests an interchange ofn forl (with unvocalisedn assimilated to the followingk), similar to that found in Nabataean where the name of the kings namedMalichos occurs as bothmlkw andmnkw and the compound as bothʿbdmlkw andʿbdmnkw.[2]
Perhaps the most salient distinction between Safaitic and Hismaic is the attestation of the definite articlesh-,hn-,ʾ-, andʾl- in the former. A prefixed definite article is not attested in Hismaic. Nevertheless, Hismaic seems to attest a suffixed -ʾ on nouns andhn in personal names. The use of the morphemeh- as a demonstrative is attested.[3]
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