| Hip-hop in the Pacific Northwest | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Late 1980s, Pacific Northwest United States |
| Subgenres | |
| Alaskan hip-hop | |
| Regional scenes | |
Northwest hip-hop iship-hop orrap music that originates from thePacific Northwest ofNorth America, encompassing major cities such asPortland,Seattle, and other towns. Northwest hip-hop music mixes elements from various genres of music to form a sound different from its southern neighbor,West Coast hip-hop. For many years the scene existed mainly as an underground genre, but Northwest hip-hop has seen increased mainstream acceptance in the 21st century, with artists such asMacklemore gaining nationwide attention. Additionally,Alaska hasits own regional variation of hip-hop, with scenes existing inAnchorage andFairbanks, and to a lesser extentJuneau.[1][2]
During the late 1970s, high school kids from theRainier Beach,Rainier Valley, and Central District areas started to perfect early hip-hop forms of dancing in the northwest defined asbopping. Many of the local underage clubs and high schools in South Seattle held formal contests called bop-offs where dancers would compete against one another. There were also informal bop offs that occurred at house parties and school yards where urban kids "called out" one another to compete. Some of the more prominent dancers (or boppers) during this period were James "PJ" Daniels, John "Sir John III" Arnold, James "Captain Crunch" Croone, Pojo, Snake, among others in the south Seattle area. Bopping, also known as poppin', was seen as the precursor for many popular forms of urban style dancing today. These bop-offs were a segue to some of the first rap competitions in the northwest. A student group fromRainier Beach High School called LTD (Leaders of Tomorrow's Democracy) with its DJ, John "Sir John III" Arnold, put on all-city rap competitions offering prize money. These events attracted the top rappers across the city which included theEmerald Street Boys among others in the early 80s.
In the early 1980s, soldiers stationed atTacoma's military bases provided the foundation for a growing hip-hop fan base in theNorthwest. In the 1980s, Seattle rapperSir Mix-A-Lot started his career.[3] Fresh Tracks was a two hour show that played on Sunday nights on KKFX 1250 ("KFOX" and formerly KKDZ), and consisted of a mix of new songs and a mastermix created by Nasty Nes.[4] These mixes were made up of songs byThe World's Famous Supreme Team,Malcolm McLaren,Run-D.M.C. and many others.[4] Due to the show's popularity, the station's producer allowed Nes to expand it to a Monday through Friday, 9pm to midnight show called NightBeat that featured prominent R&B songs as well as intermixed rap songs.[4] As Seattle's music scene evolved, so did the Seattle breakdance and graffiti crews, including B-Boy groups like Silver Chain Gang, Circuit Breakers, and Breaking Mechanism, and graffiti writers such as Spaide, Streak, DadOne, and Spraycan. With this space there was room for an eclectic group of identities to form, however none were successful in formulating a Seattle identity.[5] Old school rapperKid Sensation was also from Seattle.
1982 marked the year “The King Crewsade” radio show started on KBOO based in Portland Oregon. Host Chris Blanchard, aka “King Vitamin” hosted this call in rap show with rudimentary scratch mixes featuring Sugarhill Records and songs like Planet Rock.
In 1986, the first radio show in Spokane to play rap and hip-hop on commercial radio wasThe Power Switch on POWER 104 FM (KXVO). Hosted by TJ Collins, Collins also featured local rappers and began airing mixes by GrandMixer GMS (who was a young teenager at the time).[6]
Nastymix Records, the Northwest's first hip-hop label was founded with the local release of Sir Mix-A-Lot's "Square Dance Rap".[7] Def American[8] released Sir Mix-A-Lot's 1992 #1 hit "Baby Got Back", which won aGrammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. This award came after Nastymix's last release,Criminal Nation's 1992 albumTrouble in the Hood.
Seattlehip-hop culture was confined to the only venues that would play hip-hop, all of which were in Seattle's traditionallyAfrican-American neighborhood, theCentral District (referred to in Seattle as "The CD".) In 1993, Jonathan "Wordsayer" Moore ofSource of Labor approached Caroline Davenport of Tasty Shows, who was responsible for booking a popular Seattle venue called RCKCNDY. In 1996 a venue called the Power Plant, 825 Western Ave, Seattle (now a Dania Furniture store 2015)became a popular venue on Saturday nights with a hip-hop group calledThe High Children. Home for B-Boys, break-dance battles and hosted the legendaryInvisible Scratch Pickles versus X-men.
Funk Daddy,[9] Gangsta Nut, Dee Lyrious, Crooked Path, Mob Related, Self-Titld were from Seattle and Bosko, Cool Nutz, Maniak Loc & CN, Hakim & J-Mack were from Portland, Oregon. Thealternative/grunge music scene soon dominated the Northwest's musical image, and in both Seattle andPortland this contributed to the troubled adolescence of local hip-hop. TheTeen Dance Ordinance, which had been in effect since 1985, made it almost impossible for most Seattle venues to book all-ages shows. The social turmoil of Seattle during the late 1990s (The World Trade Organization Protest), the city's outspoken political opposition to PresidentGeorge W. Bush, and the despised Teen Dance Ordinance characterized the socially conscious style that defined Northwest hip-hop after 1993, a style that was continually strengthened as the hip-hop culture was attacked and labeled as violent and disruptive. However, production companies grew in NW like Winetime productions producing in the 1990s for national artists likeThe Click,Celly Cel andE-40. Winetime then took Midwest/local artist Tony-O and climbed theBillboard charts in 1998 and 1999 peaking at #14 in Rap Singles with a song called "PHD (Playa Hater Degree)". Rap artist Tony-O is the only NW artist other than Sir Mix-A-Lot until Macklemore to top the billboard charts in hip-hop at that time.
Macklemore is a hip-hop artist from the Pacific Northwest who received much national and international attention. At the56th Annual Grammy Awards, Macklemore received seven Grammy award nominations, and won four of those, including the awards for Best New Artist, Best Rap Album (The Heist), Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance ("Thrift Shop").[10] However, Macklemore's success has been met with frustration from many local PNW hip-hop artists who feel that Macklemore's status as a white, middle class male has led him to his popular position and feel disheartened that the underground artists are not better able to represent their city and region.[11]
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis went on to self-produce their first full-length albumThe Heist, released in October 2012, and earned a 2014 Grammy for Best Rap Song for their national hit, "Thrift Shop", and MTV Video Music Awards for Best Hip Hop Video, Best Video with a Social Message, and Best Cinematography for "Can't Hold Us", "Same Love", and "Can't Hold Us", respectively.[12]
In 2019, DJ Nasty Nes revived his classic radio show,KFOX Nightbeat, featuring songs he originally played onFresh Tracks andNightbeat, as well as exclusive new music (like he did onFresh Tracks), and mastermixes by Spokane's GrandMixer GMS.[citation needed] The Beacon strives to create a safe place for the hip-hop community.[13]
By the late 2000s,Anchorage's rap scene began to decline as federal attention began to shift towards numerous arrests in connection to crimes ranging from drug trafficking and murders.[14][15][16][17] A new wave soon emerged in the late 2010s with numerous artists exhibiting influences from across the United States as Alaska's population continued to grow with incentives for employment and residence.[18] The resurgence in growth was not solely limited to Anchorage asJuneau also saw a rise in its own rap scene.[19] Rappers ofTlingit descent have mixed phrases and elements of their ethnic music and language into their own expression of hip hop.[20][21]
Seattle'sMuseum of History and Industry (MOHAI) curated and showcased an exhibit calledThe Legacy of Seattle Hip Hop from September 19, 2015 through May 1, 2016.[22] This exhibit was curated by Jazmyn Scott of The Town Entertainment and Aaron Walker-Loud of Big World Breaks.
Items on display included Macklemore's fur jacket and scooter from his andRyan Lewis' iconic "Thrift Shop" music video as well as Nasty Nes' NASTYMIX bomber jacket.[23] There were several different sections of the exhibit focusing on different elements of hip-hop culture. One section was devoted to music production. It featured two mixing stations that played tracks by Vitamin D andJake One, as well as letting visitors interact with the tracks by using the mixing boards.[23]
Another section was dedicated to breakdancing, highlighting some of the early b-boys and b-girls in the Seattle scene as well as well-known groups like the Massive Monkees.[24] In the middle of the floor was a raised dancing platform (Seattle Met article) and on the walls were items like a Boom Squad jersey from the group that used to perform during halftime atSeattle SuperSonics games.
