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Hinduri language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Western Pahari language of northern India
Not to be confused withHindui language.
Hinduri
Handuri
हिंडूरी, hiṁḍūrī
हंडूरी, haṁḍūrī
The word "Hinduri" written in Devanagari script
Native toIndia
RegionNalagarh,Himachal Pradesh
Native speakers
47,800 (2001 census)[1]
Census results conflate some speakers with Hindi.[2]
Takri,[3]Devanagari[4]
Language codes
ISO 639-3hii
Glottologhind1267
ELPHinduri
This article containsIndic text. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

Hinduri (or Handuri) is aWestern Pahari language of northernIndia. It was classified as a dialect under theMahasui Keonthali Group.[5]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
LabialDental/
Alveolar
RetroflexPost-alv./
Palatal
VelarGlottal
Nasalvoicedmnɳŋ
breathy
Stop/
Affricate
voicelessptʈk
aspiratedʈʰtɕʰ
voicedbdɖɡ
breathyɖʱdʑʱɡʱ
Fricativesɕh
Rhoticvoicedrɽ
breathyɽʱ
Lateralvoicedlɭ
breathy
Approximantwj

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
High
ɪʊ
Midə
ɛɔ
Low(æ)ɑɑː

Script

[edit]
Sample text inHanduri From Grierson's book (1916)[6]

Status

[edit]

The language is commonly calledPahari orHimachali. Some speakers may even call it a dialect of Punjabi orDogri. The language has no official status. According to theUnited Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the language is of critically endangered category, i.e. the youngest speakers of Handuri are generally grandparents or older and they too speak it infrequently or partially.[7]

The demand for the inclusion of 'Pahari (Himachali)' under the Eight Schedule of the Constitution, which is supposed to represent multiple Pahari languages of Himachal Pradesh, had been made in the year 2010 by the state's Vidhan Sabha.[8] There has been no positive progress on this matter since then even when small organisations are striving to save the language.[9] The language is currently recorded as a dialect of Hindi,[10] even when having a poor mutual intelligibility with it.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Hinduri atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Closed access icon
  2. ^"Census of India: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues –2001".
  3. ^LSI 1898.
  4. ^Linguistic Survey Of India (Volume 9, Part 4). pp. 586–592.
  5. ^Linguistic Survey Of India (Volume 9, Part 4). pp. 586–592.
  6. ^Linguistic Survey Of India Vol.9 Part.4. India. 1916. pp. 588–590.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^"Endangered Language".TheGuardian.com. 15 April 2011.
  8. ^"Pahari Inclusion".Zee News.
  9. ^"Pahari Inclusion".The Statesman.
  10. ^"Indian Language Census"(PDF).
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