| Hiligaynon | |
|---|---|
| Ilonggo | |
| Hiniligaynon,Inilonggo,Binisayâ | |
| Pronunciation | /hɪlɪˈɡaɪnən/ |
| Native to | Philippines |
| Region | Western Visayas,Negros Island Region,Soccsksargen, southwestern portion ofMasbate, coastalPalawan, some parts of southernMindoro, some parts ofRomblon and a few parts ofNorthern Mindanao |
| Ethnicity | Hiligaynon |
Native speakers | 7.8 million (2010)[1][needs update] 9.1 million total speakers[2] 4th most spoken native language in the Philippines[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin (Hiligaynon alphabet) Hiligaynon Braille HistoricallyBaybayin (c. 13th–19th centuries) | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | hil |
| ISO 639-3 | hil |
| Glottolog | hili1240 |
 Areas where Hiligaynon is spoken in the Philippines | |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
Hiligaynon, also often referred to asIlonggo orBinisayâ/Bisayâ nga Hiniligaynon/Inilonggo, is anAustronesianregional language spoken in thePhilippines by about 9.1 million people, predominantly inPanay Island,Negros Occidental, andSoccsksargen, most of whom belong to theHiligaynon people.[3] It is the second-most widely spoken language in theVisayas and belongs to theBisayan languages, and it is more distantly related to otherPhilippine languages.
It also has one of the largest native language-speaking populations of thePhilippines, despite it not being taught and studied formally in schools and universities until 2012.[4] Hiligaynon is given theISO 639-2 three-letter codehil, but has noISO 639-1 two-letter code.
Hiligaynon is mainly concentrated in the regions ofWestern Visayas (Iloilo,Capiz, andGuimaras),Negros Island Region (Negros Occidental), andSoccsksargen (South Cotabato includingGeneral Santos,Sultan Kudarat, andCotabato). It is spoken in other neighboringprovinces, such asAntique andAklan in Western Visayas,Negros Oriental in Negros Island Region,Masbate inBicol Region, and southern parts ofMindoro,Romblon andPalawan inMimaropa.
It is spoken as a second language byKinaray-a speakers inAntique,Aklanon/Malaynon speakers inAklan,Capiznon speakers inCapiz,Cebuano speakers inNegros Oriental,[5] and spoken and understood by native speakers ofMaguindanaon, Cebuano,Ilocano,Blaan,Tboli and other settler and indigenous languages in Soccsksargen inMindanao.[6] There are approximately 9,300,000 people in and out of thePhilippines who are native speakers of Hiligaynon and an additional 5,000,000 capable of speaking it with a substantial degree of proficiency.[7]
Aside fromHiligaynon, the language is also referred to asIlonggo, also spelledIlongo, as it originated in Iloilo. Many speakers outside Iloilo argue, that this is an incorrect usage of the wordIlonggo. In precise usage, these people opine thatIlonggo should be used only in relation to the ethnolinguistic group of native inhabitants of Iloilo and the culture associated with native Hiligaynon speakers in that place, including their language. The disagreement over the usage ofIlonggo to refer to the language extends to Philippine language specialists and native laypeople.[8]
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Historical evidence from observations of early Spanish explorers in the Archipelago shows that the nomenclature used to refer to this language had its origin among the people of the coasts or people of theIlawod ("los [naturales] de la playa") in Iloilo, Panay, whom Spanish explorer Miguel de Loarca calledYligueynes[9] (or the more popular termHiligaynon, also referred to by theKaray-a people asSiná).
The termHiligaynon comes from the root wordilig ('to go downstream'), referring to a flowing river in Iloilo. In contrast, theKinaray-a has been used by what the Spanish colonizers calledArayas, which may be a Spanish misconception of the Hiligaynon wordsIraya ortaga-Iraya, or the current and more popular versionKaray-a ('highlanders' – people ofIraya/highlands).[10]
Similar to manylanguages in the Philippines, very little research ondialectology has been done on Hiligaynon. Standard Hiligaynon, is the dialect that is used in the province ofIloilo, primarily in the northern and eastern portions of the province. It has a more traditional and extensive vocabulary, whereas the Urban Hiligaynon dialect spoken inMetro Iloilo has a more simplified or modern vocabulary.
For example, the term for 'to wander', 'to walk', or 'to stroll' in Urban Hiligaynon islágaw, which is also widely used by most of the Hiligaynon speakers. In contrast, Standard Hiligaynon more commonly usesdayán, a term that is rarely or never used by other dialects of the language anymore. Another example,amó iní, ('this is it') in Standard Hiligaynon can be simplified in Urban Hiligaynon and become'mó'ní.
Some of the other widely recognized dialects of the language, aside from Standard Hiligaynon and Urban Hiligaynon, are Bacolodnon Hiligaynon (Metro Bacolod dialect), Negrense Hiligaynon (provincialNegros Occidental dialect that is composed of three sub-variants: Northern, Central and Southern Negrense Hiligaynon),Guimaras Hiligaynon, andMindanao Hiligaynon (which incorporated someCebuano and other languages due to the mass influx of migrants fromCebu,Bohol,Siquijor and Cebuano-speaking parts of Mindanao reside in the Soccsksargen area).[11]
Some native speakers also considerKinaray-a (also known as Hiniraya or Antiqueño) andCapiznon dialects of Hiligaynon. However, linguists have classified Kinaray-a as a Western Bisayan language, while Capiznon is a Central Bisayan language closely related to Hiligaynon.[12][13]
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ʔ | |||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||||||
Consonants[d] and[ɾ] were once allophones but cannot interchange as in other Philippine languages:patawaron ('to forgive') [frompatawad, 'forgiveness'] but notpatawadon, andtagadiín ('from where') [fromdiín, 'where'] but nottagariín.
There are four main vowels:/a/,/i~ɛ/,/o~ʊ/, and/u/.[i] and[ɛ] (both spelledi) areallophones, with[i] in the beginning and middle and sometimes final syllables and[ɛ] in final syllables. The vowels[ʊ] and[o] are also allophones, with[ʊ] always being used when it is the beginning of a syllable, and[o] always used when it ends a syllable.
Hiligaynon is written using theLatin script. Until the second half of the 20th century, Hiligaynon was widely written largely following Spanish orthographic conventions. Nowadays there is no officially recognized standard orthography for the language and different writers may follow different conventions. It is common for the newer generation, however, to write the language based on the current orthographic rules of Filipino.
A noticeable feature of the Spanish-influenced orthography absent in those writing following Filipino's orthography is the use of "c" and "qu" in representing/k/ (now replaced with "k" in all instances) and the absence of the letter "w" ("u" was formerly used in certain instances).
The core alphabet consists of 20 letters used for expressing consonants and vowels in Hiligaynon, each of which comes in an uppercase and lowercase variety.
| Symbol | A a | B b | K k | D d | E e | G g | H h | I i | L l | M m | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | a | ba | ka | da | e | ga | ha | i | la | ma | |||
| Pronunciation | [a/ə] | [aw] | [aj] | [b] | [k] | [d] | [ɛ/e] | [ɡ] | [h] | [ɪ/i] | [ɪo] | [l] | [m] |
| in context | a | aw/ao | ay | b | k | d | e | g | h | i | iw/io | l | m |
| Symbol | N n | Ng ng | O o | P p | R r | S s | T t | U u | W w | Y y | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | na | nga | o | pa | ra | sa | ta | u | wa | ya | |||
| Pronunciation | [n] | [ŋ] | [ɔ/o] | [oj] | [p] | [r] | [s] | [ʃʲ] | [t] | [ʊ/u] | [w] | [w] | [j] |
| in context | n | ng | o | oy | p | r | s | sy | t | u | ua | w | y |
The apostrophe⟨'⟩ and hyphen⟨-⟩ also appear in Hiligaynon writing, and might be considered separate letters.
The hyphen, in particular, is used medially to indicate theglottal stopsan-o 'when'gab-e 'evening; night'. It is also used inreduplicated words:adlaw-adlaw 'daily, every day', fromadlaw 'day, sun'. This marking is not used in reduplicated words whose base is not also used independently, as inpispis 'bird'.
Hyphens are also used in words with successive sounds of/g/ and/ŋ/, to separate the letters with the digraph NG. Like in the wordgin-gaan 'was given'; without the hyphen, it would be read asgingaan/gi.ŋaʔan/ as opposed to/gin.gaʔan/.
In addition, some English letters[which?] may be used in borrowed words.
Hiligaynon has three types of case markers:absolutive,ergative, andoblique. These types in turn are divided into personal, that have to do with names of people, and impersonal, that deal with everything else, and further intosingular and plural types, though the plural impersonal case markers are just the singular impersonal case markers +mga (a contracted spelling for/maŋa/), a particle used to denote plurality in Hiligaynon.[14]
| Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|
| singular impersonal | ang | sang,sing* | sa |
| plural impersonal | ang mga | sang mga,sing mga* | sa mga |
| singular personal | si | ni | kay |
| plural personal** | sanday | nanday | kanday |
(*)Thearticlessing andsing mga means the following noun isindefinite, whilesang tells of a definite noun, like the use ofa in English as opposed tothe; however, it is not as common in modern speech, being replaced bysang. It appears in conservative translations of the Bible into Hiligaynon and in traditional or formal speech.
(**)The plural personal case markers are not used very often and not even by all speakers. Again, this is an example of a case marker that has fallen largely into disuse, but is still occasionally used when speaking a more traditional form of Hiligaynon, using fewer Spanish loan words.[clarification needed]
The case markers do not determine which noun is thesubject and which is theobject; rather, the affix of the verb determines this, though theang-marked noun is always the topic.
| Ang lalakinagkaon sang tinapay. | ≈ | Ang tinapayginkaon sang lalaki. |
| 'The man ate the bread' | 'The bread was eaten by the man' (literal) |
| Absolutive | Ergative₁ (Postposed) | Ergative₂ (Preposed) | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ako,ko | nakon,ko | akon | sa akon |
| 2nd person singular | ikaw,ka | nimo,mo | imo | sa imo |
| 3rd person singular | siya | niya | iya | sa iya |
| 1st person plural inclusive | kita | naton,ta | aton | sa aton |
| 1st person plural exclusive | kami | namon | amon | sa amon |
| 2nd person plural | kamo | ninyo | inyo | sa inyo |
| 3rd person plural | sila | nila | ila | sa ila |
| Absolutive | Ergative/Oblique | Locative | Existential | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nearest to speaker ('this, here') | iní | siní | dirí | (y)ári |
| Near to addressee or closely removed from speaker and addressee ('that, there') | inâ | sinâ | dirâ | (y)arà |
| Remote ('yon, yonder') | ató | sadtó | didtó | (y)á(d)to |
In addition to this, there are two verbaldeictics,karí, meaning 'to come to the speaker', andkadto, meaning 'to go yonder'.
Hiligaynon lacks the marker of sentence inversionay of Tagalog/Filipino orhay of Akeanon. Instead sentences in SV form (Filipino:Di karaniwang anyo) are written without any marker or copula.
Examples:
Si Sara ay maganda (Tagalog)
Si Sara matahum/Gwapa si Sara (Hiligaynon) = 'Sara is beautiful.'
'Sara is beautiful' (English)
There is no direct translation for the English copulato be in Hiligaynon. However, the prefixesmangin- andnangin- may be used to mean will be and became, respectively.
Example:Manamì mangín manggaránon.
'It is nice to become rich.'
The Spanish copulaestar ('to be') has also become a part of the Hiligaynon lexicon. Its meaning and pronunciation have changed compared to its Spanish meaning, however. In Hiligaynon it is pronounced asistar and means 'to live (in)/location' (Compare with the Hiligaynon wordpuyô).
Example:Nagaistar ako sa tabuk suba.
'I live in tabuk suba'.Tabuk suba translates to 'other side of the river' and is also abarangay in Jaro, Iloilo.
To indicate the existence of an object, the wordmay is used.
Example:
When an adjective modifies a noun, the linkernga links the two.
Example:
Ido nga itom
'black dog'
Sometimes, if the linker is preceded by a word that ends in a vowel, glottal stop or the letter N, it becomes acceptable to contract it into-ng, as in Filipino. This is often used to make the words sound more poetic or to reduce the number of syllables. Sometimes the meaning may change as inmaayo nga aga, '(the) good morning', andmaayong aga, the greeting for 'good morning'.
The linkerka is used if a number modifies a noun.
Example:
Anum ka ido
'six dogs'
The interrogative pronouns of Hiligaynon are as follows:diin,san-o,sin-o,nga-a,kamusta,ano, andpila
Diin means 'where'.
Example:Diin ka na subong?
'Where are you now?'
A derivation ofdiin,tagadiin, is used to inquire about the birthplace or hometown of the listener.
Example:Tagadiin ka?
'Where are you from?'
San-o means 'when'
Example:San-o inâ?
'When is that?'
Sin-o means 'who'
Example:Sin-o imo abyan?
'Who is your friend?'
Nga-a means 'why'
Example:Nga-a indi ka magkadto?
'Why won't you go?'
Kamusta means 'how', as in "How are you?"
Example:Kamusta ang tindahan?
'How is the store?'
Ano means 'what'
Example:Ano ang imo ginabasa?
'What are you reading?'
A derivative ofano,paano, meaning 'how', as in "How do I do that?"
Example:Paano ko makapulî?
'How can I get home?'
A derivative ofpaano ispaanoano, an archaic phrase which can be compared withkamusta.
Example:Paanoano ikaw?
'How art thou?'
Pila means 'how much/how many'
Example:Pila ang gaupod sa imo?
'How many are with you?'
A derivative ofpila,ikapila, asks the numerical order of the person, as in, "What place were you born in your family?"(first-born, second-born, etc.) This word is notoriously difficult to translate into English, as English has no equivalent.
Example:Ikapila ka sa inyo pamilya?
'What place were you born into your family?'
A derivative ofpila,tagpila, asks the monetary value of something, as in, "How much is this beef?"
Example:Tagpila ini nga karne sang baka?
'How much is this beef?'
| This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(January 2022) |
As it is essential for sentence structure and meaning, focus is a key concept in Hiligaynon and other Philippine languages. In English, in order to emphasize a part of a sentence, variation in intonation is usually employed – the voice is stronger or louder on the part emphasized. For example:
Furthermore, active and passive grammatical constructions can be used in English to place focus on the actor or object as the subject:
In contrast, sentence focus in Philippine languages is built into the construction by grammatical elements. Focus is marked by verbal affixes and a special particle prior to the noun in focus. Consider the following Hiligaynon translations of the above sentences:
| TRIGGER | ASPECT | MODE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neutral | Purposive | Durative | Causative | Distributive | Cooperative | Dubitative | |||
| Agent | Goal | Unreal | -on | pag—on | paga—on | pa—on | pang—on | pakig—on | iga—on |
| Real | gin- | gin- | gina- | ginpa- | ginpang- | ginpakig- | ø | ||
| Referent | Unreal | -an | pag—an | paga—an | pa—an | pang—an | pakig—an | iga—an | |
| Real | gin—an | gin—an | gina—an | ginpa—an | ginpang—an | ginpakig—an | ø | ||
| Accessory | Unreal | i- | ipag- | ipaga- | ipa- | ipang- | ipakig- | iga- | |
| Real | gin- | gin- | gina- | ginpa- | ginpang- | ginpakig- | ø | ||
| Actor | Unreal | -um- | mag- | maga- | ø | mang- | makig- | ø | |
| Real | -um- | nag- | naga- | ø | nang- | nakig- | ø | ||
| Patient | Actor | Unreal | maka- | makapag- | makapaga- | makapa- | makapang- | mapapakig- | ø |
| Real | naka- | nakapag- | nakapaga- | nakapa- | nakapang- | napapakig- | ø | ||
| Goal | Unreal | ma- | mapag- | mapaga- | mapa- | mapang- | mapakig- | ø | |
| Real | na- | napag- | napaga- | napa- | napang- | napakig- | ø | ||
Hiligaynon, like other Philippine languages, employsreduplication, the repetition of a root or stem of a word or part of a word for grammatical or semantic purposes. Reduplication in Hiligaynon tends to be limited to roots instead of affixes, as the only inflectional or derivational morpheme that seems to reduplicate is-pa-. Root reduplication suggests 'non-perfectiveness' or 'non-telicity'. Used withnouns, reduplication of roots indicate particulars which are not fully actualized members of their class.[17] Note the following examples.
balay-bálay
house-house
balay-bálay
house-house
toy-house, playhouse
maestra-maestra
teacher-teacher
maestra-maestra
teacher-teacher
make-believe teacher
Reduplication ofverbal roots suggests a process lacking a focus or decisive goal. The following examples describe events which have no apparent end, in the sense of lacking purpose or completion. A lack of seriousness may also be implied. Similarly, reduplication can suggest a background process in the midst of a foreground activity, as shown in (5).[18]
hìbî-híbî
cry-cry
ang
bátâ.
child
Nag-a- hìbî-híbî ang bátâ.
NAG-IMP- cry-cry FOC child
The child has been crying and crying.
tinlò-tinlò
clean-clean
sang
lamésa
table
Nag-a- tinlò-tinlò akó sang lamésa
NAG-IMP- clean-clean 1SG.FOCUNFOC table
I'm just cleaning off the table (casually).
kàon-káon
eat-eat
lang
just
sang
nag-abót
ang
bisíta.
visitor
Nag-a- kàon-káon lang silá sang nag-abót ang íla bisíta.
NAG-IMP- eat-eat just 3PL.FOCUNFOCNAG-arrive FOC 3PL.UNFOC visitor
They were just eating when their visitor arrived.
When used withadjectival roots, non-telicity may suggest a gradualness of the quality, such as the comparison in (6). In comparative constructions the final syllables of each occurrence of the reduplicated root are accented. If the stress of the second occurrence is shifted to the first syllable, then the reduplicated root suggests a superlative degree, as in (7). Superlatives can also be created through prefixation ofpinaka- to the root, as inpinaka-dakô.[19]
While non-telicity can suggest augmentation, as shown in (7), it can also indicate diminishment as in shown in (9), in contrast with (8) (note the stress contrast). In (8b),maàyoáyo, accented in the superlative pattern, suggests a trajectory of improvement that has not been fully achieved. In (9b),maàyoayó suggests a trajectory of decline when accented in the comparative pattern. The reduplicatedáyo implies sub-optimal situations in both cases; full goodness/wellness is not achieved.[19]
Iní
this.FOC
nga
kwárto
room
ma-dulùm-dulúm
sang
sa
sinâ
that.UNFOC
Iní nga kwárto ma-dulùm-dulúm sang sa sinâ
this.FOCLINK roomMA-dark-darkUNFOC OBL that.UNFOC
This room is darker than that one.
(7) dakô-dakô big-big dakô-dakô big-big bigger | dakô-dákô big-big (gid) (really) dakô-dákô (gid) big-big (really) biggest
|
Ma-àyo-áyo na now ang reló. watch Ma-àyo-áyo na ang reló. The watch is semi-fixed.
|
|
Hiligaynon has a large number of words derived fromSpanish including nouns (e.g.,santo fromsanto, 'saint'), adjectives (e.g.,berde fromverde, 'green'), prepositions (e.g.,antes fromantes, 'before'), and conjunctions (e.g.,pero frompero, 'but').
Nouns denoting material items and abstract concepts invented or introduced duringthe early modern era includebarko (barco, 'ship'),sapatos (zapatos, 'shoes'),kutsilyo (cuchillo, 'knife'),kutsara (cuchara, 'spoon'),tenedor ('fork'),plato ('plate'),kamiseta (camiseta, 'shirt'), andkambiyo (cambio, 'change', as in money).Spanish verbs are incorporated into Hiligaynon in theirinfinitive forms:edukar,kantar,mandar,pasar. The same holds true for other languages such asCebuano. In contrast, incorporations of Spanish verbs intoTagalog for the most part resemble, though are not necessarily derived from, thevos forms in theimperative:eduká,kantá,mandá,pasá. Notable exceptions includeandar,pasyal (frompasear) andsugal (fromjugar).
Just like other Philippine languages that are influenced by Spanish, Hiligaynon uses 2 systems of numbers, one from its Austronesian roots and one derived from Spanish.
| Number | Hiligaynon-Native | Hiligaynon-Spanish |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | isá | uno |
| 2 | duhá | dos |
| 3 | tátlo | tres |
| 4 | ápat | kuwatro |
| 5 | limá | singku |
| 6 | ánum | sais |
| 7 | pitó | syete |
| 8 | waló | otso |
| 9 | siyám | nwebe/nuybi |
| 10 | pulò/napulò | dyis |
| 100 | gatós | siyen/syento |
| 1,000 | líbo | mil |
| 10,000 | laksâ/isáng libo | dyis mil |
| 1,000,000 | hámbad/ramák | milyon |
| First | tig-una/panguná | primera |
| Second | ikaduhá | segunda |
| Third | ikatlo/ikatátlo | tersera |
| Fourth | ikap-at/ikaápat | |
| Fifth | ikalimá | |
| Sixth | ikán-um/ikaánum | |
| Seventh | ikapitó | |
| Eighth | ikawaló | |
| Ninth | ikasiyám | |
| Tenth | ikapulò |
The names of the days of the week are derived from their Spanish equivalents.
| Day | Native Names | Meaning | Castilian Derived |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunday | Tigburukad | root word:bukad, 'open'; 'Starting Day' | Domingo |
| Monday | Dumasaon | root word:dason 'next'; 'Next Day' | Lunes |
| Tuesday | Dukot-dukot | literal meaning 'Busy Day'; 'Busiest Day' | Martes |
| Wednesday | Baylo-baylo | root word:baylo, 'exchange'; 'Barter' or 'Market Day' | Miyerkoles |
| Thursday | Danghos | literal meaning: 'rush'; 'Rushing of the Work Day' | Huwebes |
| Friday | Hingot-hingot | literal meaning: 'Completing of the Work Day' | Biyernes |
| Saturday | Ligid-ligid | root word:ligid, 'lay-down to rest'; 'Rest Day' | Sábado |
| Month | Native Name | Castilian Derived |
|---|---|---|
| January | Ulalong | Enero |
| February | Dagang Kahoy | Pebrero |
| March | Dagang Bulan | Marso |
| April | Kiling | Abril |
| May | Himabuyan | Mayo |
| June | Kabay | Hunyo |
| July | Hidapdapan | Hulyo |
| August | Lubad-lubad | Agosto |
| September | Kangurulsol | Setiyembre |
| October | Bagyo-bagyo | Oktubre |
| November | Panglot Diyutay | Nobiyembre |
| December | Panglot Dako | Disiyembre |
| English | Hiligaynon |
|---|---|
| Yes. | Húo. |
| No. | Indî. |
| Thank you. | Salamat. |
| Thank you very much! | Salamat gid. / Madamò gid nga salamat! |
| I'm sorry. | Patawaron mo ako. / Pasayloha 'ko. / Pasensyahon mo ako. / Pasensya na. |
| Help me! | Buligi (a)ko! / Tabangi (a)ko! |
| Delicious! | Namit! |
| Take care (Also used to signifygoodbye) | Halong. |
| Are you angry/scared? | Akig/hadlok ka? |
| Do you feel happy/sad? | Nalipay/Nasubo-an ka? |
| I don't know/I didn't know | Ambot / Wala ko kabalo / Wala ko nabal-an |
| I don't care | Wa-ay ko labot! |
| That's wonderful/marvelous! | Námì-námì ba!/Nami ah! |
| I like this/that! | Nanámìan ko sini/sina! |
| I love you. | Palangga ta ka. / Ginahigugma ko ikaw. |
| English | Hiligaynon |
|---|---|
| Hello! | Kumusta/Maayong adlaw (lit. 'good day') |
| Good morning. | Maayong aga. |
| Good noon. | Maayong ugto/Maayong udto |
| Good afternoon. | Maayong hapon. |
| Good evening. | Maayong gab-i. |
| How are you? | Kamusta ka?/Kamusta ikaw?/Musta na? (informal) |
| I'm fine. | Maayo man. |
| I am fine, how about you? | Maayo man, ikaw ya? |
| How old are you? | Pila na ang edad (ni)mo? / Ano ang edad mo? / Pila ka tuig ka na? |
| I am 24 years old. | Beinte kwatro anyos na (a)ko./ Duha ka pulo kag apat ka tuig na (a)ko. |
| My name is... | Ang ngalan ko... |
| I am Erman. | Ako si Erman. / Si Erman ako. |
| What is your name? | Ano imo ngalan? / Ano ngalan (ni)mo? |
| Until next time. | Asta sa liwat. |
| English | Hiligaynon |
|---|---|
| What is this/that? | Ano (i)ni/(i)nâ? |
| This is a sheet of paper. | Isa ni ka panid sang papel. / Isa ka panid ka papel ini. |
| That is a book. | Libro (i)nâ. |
| What will you do?/What are you going to do? | Ano ang himu-on (ni)mo? / Ano ang buhaton (ni)mo? / Maano ka? |
| What are you doing? | Ano ang ginahimo (ni)mo? / Gaano ka? |
| My female friend | Ang akon babaye nga abyan/miga |
| My male friend | Ang akon lalake nga abyan/migo |
| My girlfriend/boyfriend | Ang akon nubya/nubyo |
| English | Hiligaynon |
|---|---|
| Where are you now? | Diin ka (na) subong? |
| Where shall we go? | Diin (ki)ta makadto? |
| Where are we going? | Diin (ki)ta pakadto? |
| Where are you going? | (Sa) diin ka makadto? |
| We shall go to Iloilo. | Makadto (ki)ta sa Iloilo. |
| We're going to Bacolod. | Makadto kami sa Bacolod. |
| I am going home. | Mapa-uli na ko (sa balay). / (Ma)puli na ko. |
| Where do you live? | Diin ka naga-istar? / Diin ka naga-puyô? |
| Where did you come from? (Where have you just been?) | Diin ka (nag)-halin? |
| Have you been here long? | Dugay ka na di(ri)? |
| (To the) left. | (Sa) wala. |
| (To the) right. | (Sa) tuo. |
| What time is it? | Ano('ng) takna na? / Ano('ng) oras na? |
| It's ten o'clock. | Alas diyes na. |
| What time is it now? | Ano ang oras subong? / Ano oras na? |
| Time | Name | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 06:00 AM | Butlak Adlaw | Daybreak |
| 10:00 AM | Tig-ilitlog orTig-iritlog | Time for chickens to lay eggs |
| 12:00 noon | Udto Adlaw orUgto Adlaw | Noon time or midday |
| 02:00 PM | Huyog Adlaw | Early afternoon |
| 04:00 PM | Tigbarahog | Time for feeding the swine |
| 06:00 PM | Sirom | Twilight |
| 08:00 PM | Tingpanyapon orTig-inyapon | Supper time |
| 10:00 PM | Tigbaranig | Time to lay thebanig or sleeping mat |
| 11:00 PM | Unang Pamalò | First cockerel's crow |
| 12:00 midnight | Tungang Gab-i | Midnight |
| 02:00 AM | Ikaduhang Pamalò | Second cockerel's crow |
| 04:00 AM | Ikatatlong Pamalò | Third cockerel's crow |
| 05:00 AM | Tigbulugtaw orTigburugtaw | Waking up time |
| English | Hiligaynon |
|---|---|
| May/Can I buy? | Pwede ko ma(g)-bakal? |
| How much is this/that? | Tag-pilá iní/inâ? |
| I'll buy the... | Baklon ko ang... |
| Is this expensive? | Mahal bala (i)ni? |
| Is that cheap? | Barato bala (i)na? |
Amay namon, nga yara ka sa mga langit
Pagdayawon ang imo ngalan
Umabot sa amon ang imo ginharian
Matuman ang imo boot
Diri sa duta siling sang sa langit
Hatagan mo kami niyan sing kan-on namon
Sa matag-adlaw
Kag patawaron mo kami sa mga sala namon
Siling nga ginapatawad namon ang nakasala sa amon
Kag dili mo kami ipagpadaog sa mga panulay
Hinunuo luwason mo kami sa kalaot
Amen.
Literal translation as per photo:
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Ang Kalibutánon nga Pahayag sang mga Kinamaatárung sang Katáwhan)
Ang tanán nga táwo ginbún-ag nga hílway kag may pag-alalangay sa dungóg kag kinamatárong.
Silá ginhatágan sing pagpamat-ud kag balatyágon kag nagakadápat nga magbinuligáy sa kahulugan sang pag-inuturáy.
Every person is born free and equal with honor and rights.
They are given reason and conscience and they must always trust each other for the spirit of brotherhood.
{{cite book}}:|work= ignored (help) – published version of Wolfenden's 1972 dissertation
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