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Hi-pass (Korean: 하이패스) is anelectronic toll collection system for theexpressways inSouth Korea that allows motorists to make wireless toll payments, without the need to stop.[1]
Hi-Pass was created to avoid congestion on major roads and in urban areas. It’s a system that can be installed in vehicles, and once passed through a toll gate, it will automatically charge the road usage fee to the rechargeable Hi-pass card. There is no need to stop or reduce speed to pay. It helps prevent mismatches between the number of vehicles and the limited road capacity, which could otherwise lead to significant traffic jams on main highways.
Automobile ownership in Korea increased from just over 2 million in 1988 to over 11 million in 1999, resulting in a 40% annual increase (Chang, 2002). Transportation experts in Korea had to take action in response to the rising pressure on urban mobility. With a growing number of vehicles traveling farther and more frequently, the nation’s primary highway networks were reaching their limits. Toll road funding essentially charges tolls to fund road improvements and to repay project costs (Chang, 2002). It was necessary to recoup the money borrowed from international banks to build new roads and mitigate the increasing traffic problems, especially in the metropolitan areas of the Peninsula.
Hi-Pass is also used in public transportation, railways, and subways. However, it does not fully consider accessibility for disabled individuals, such as those with mental disabilities, wheelchair users, or the blind. Hi-Pass designed antennas for use in a free-pass system for people with disabilities. Subway free-pass system allows transportation for disadvantaged individuals with a gate-free pass card in their possession to approach the gate, which then opens automatically (Lee, 2025). This system provides more convenience and better meets their needs.
It uses DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication), allowing for automatic settlement of tolls, by communication between the car terminal and the toll gate equipment.
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Pre-paid Hi-Pass cards can be bought and charge at convenience stores, highway rest areas, the Hi-Plus Card website, and sales offices. The card can be registered on the official website; it is necessary to have a vehicle registration and a driver’s license. Card must have money in order to use it. When passing through a toll gate, the fare will be deducted from the Hi-Pass card balance.
There is also a post-paid Hi-Pass card, which works like a credit card and has an annual fee of 5,000 won. This card can be linked to a credit or debit card and automatically pays tolls each month. It can be purchased from various companies, such as Hyundai and Shinhan.
To use the Hi-Pass card, it is necessary to have an On-Board Unit (OBU). The OBU holds the Hi-Pass card and allows toll gates to read it using RFID technology. Additionally, tolls are discounted for users who purchase toll cards in advance and use the system during peak periods—06:00 to 09:00 in the morning and 18:00 to 22:00 in the evening (Chang, 2002).
From the highway toll gate to the Hi-pass lane, it is a blue line. If you accidentally pass through thetoll gate with a Hi-pass lane without a Hi-Pass terminal, you can explain it to the staff at the last toll gate.[2]
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