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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Hexanoic acid | |
| Other names Hexoic acid; Hexylic acid; Butylacetic acid; Pentylformic acid; 1-Pentanecarboxylic acid; C6:0 (Lipid numbers) | |
| Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| 773837 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.046 |
| EC Number |
|
| 185066 | |
| KEGG |
|
| UNII | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C6H12O2 | |
| Molar mass | 116.160 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Oily liquid[1] |
| Odor | goat-like |
| Density | 0.929 g/cm3[2] |
| Melting point | −3.4 °C (25.9 °F; 269.8 K)[1] |
| Boiling point | 205.8 °C (402.4 °F; 478.9 K)[1] |
| 1.082 g/100 mL[1] | |
| Solubility | soluble inethanol,ether |
| Acidity (pKa) | 4.88 |
| −78.55·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.4170 |
| Viscosity | 3.1 mP |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
 | |
| Danger | |
| H314 | |
| P260,P264,P280,P301+P330+P331,P302+P352,P303+P361+P353,P304+P340,P305+P351+P338,P310,P312,P321,P322,P361,P363,P405,P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 103 °C (217 °F; 376 K)[2] |
| 380 °C (716 °F; 653 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 1.3-9.3% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) | 3000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds | Pentanoic acid,Heptanoic acid |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Caproic acid, also known ashexanoic acid, is thecarboxylic acid derived fromhexane with the chemical formulaCH3(CH2)4COOH. It is a colorless oily liquid with a fatty, cheesy, waxy odor resembling that ofgoats[1] or other barnyardanimals. It is afatty acid found naturally in various animalfats andoils, and is one of the chemicals that gives the decomposing fleshy seed coat of theginkgo its characteristic unpleasant odor.[3] It is also one of the components ofvanilla andcheese. The primary use of caproic acid is in the manufacture of itsesters for use as artificial flavors, and in the manufacture of hexylderivatives, such ashexylphenols.[1]Salts andesters of caproic acid are known ascaproates orhexanoates. Severalprogestin medications are caproate esters, such ashydroxyprogesterone caproate andgestonorone caproate.
Two other acids are named after goats:caprylic acid (C8) andcapric acid (C10). Along with caproic acid, they account for 15% of the fat in goat's milk.
Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (capric is a crystal- or wax-like substance, whereas the other two are mobile liquids) are not only used for the formation of esters, but also commonly used "neat" in: butter, milk, cream, strawberry, bread, beer, nut, and other flavors.
| Authority control databases: National |
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