| Heworth | |
|---|---|
 Holy Trinity Church, Heworth | |
.svg)  Heworth Location withinNorth Yorkshire | |
| Population | 13,725 (2011 census)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SE619530 |
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | YORK |
| Postcode district | YO31 |
| Dialling code | 01904 |
| Police | North Yorkshire |
| Fire | North Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
| UK Parliament | |
| 53°58′12″N1°03′23″W / 53.969920°N 1.056500°W /53.969920; -1.056500 | |
Heworth (/ˈhjuːəθ/HYOO-əth) is part of the city ofYork inNorth Yorkshire, England, about 1 mile (1.6 km) north-east of the centre. No longer in general referred to as a village, "Heworth Village" is now the name of a specific road. The name "Heworth" isAnglo-Saxon and means a "high enclosure".
Housing in Heworth varies from terraced houses along East Parade towardsLayerthorpe, through large Victorian villas on Heworth Green, to older houses in Heworth village and the 1830s Elmfield Villa, home toElmfield College and 1930s semi-detached houses on Stockton Lane.
Heworth has seen much modern suburban development, particularly in the outlying area ofHeworth Without.
Heworth splits into two wards for the purposes of local elections—Heworth (including all land within the old city boundary) and Heworth Without (outside the old city boundary). Heworth Holme is a popular open space near Heworth village.[2]
The population of the Heworth Ward at the2011 Census was 13,725.[1]
A number of bus routes serve Heworth, these are operated byFirst York,York & Country andEast Yorkshire. It is roughly 1.5 miles fromYork station, which gives access to the UK national rail network.
Very little is known about theprehistoric history of the Heworth area, some researchers believe the area was largelyboggy land.[3] The village is ofRoman origin and two Roman cremationcemeteries have been found in the area. Heworth Green, the road from York city centre to the village, is on the site of aRoman road.
During the earlyMedieval period, contemporary burials took place in a similar area to the Roman ones; this was during the 5th and 6th centuries. However, evidence for settlement in Heworth during this period of time still remains minimal.
The village appears asHeworde in theDomesday Book of 1086, and asHewud in 1219.[4]
Heworth was formerly atownship in the parishes ofSt Saviour,St Cuthbert andSt Olave-Marygate,[5] in 1866 Heworth became a separatecivil parish,[6] in 1894 the parish was abolished and split, the part in theCounty Borough of York becameHeworth Within and therural part becameHeworth Without.[7] In 1891 the parish had a population of 740.[8] Until 1974 it was in theNorth Riding of Yorkshire.
On 24 August 1453,[9] a skirmish took place and was the first meeting of the two families involved in thePercy-Neville feud, the feud which eventually helped provoke theWars of the Roses.[10] Historians have described an attack on the Neville family's wedding party byLord Egremont; numerous contemporaries regard it as the very first military action of the Wars of the Roses.
The Neville family was returning toSheriff Hutton castle following a wedding betweenSir Thomas Neville and Maud Stanhope. Stanhope was the heiress and niece ofRalph de Cromwell. Cromwell had previously confiscated Percy strongholds such asWressle andBunwell afterHenry 'Hotspur' Percy's death in 1403; the thought of those properties one day being handed over to the Neville family angeredLord Egremont greatly.[10]
Egremont decided to ambush the Neville family's returning wedding party at Heworth Moor, along with 1,000retainers fromYork. The Neville family were said to have given a good account of themselves and defended themselves well in the skirmish.[10]
During the summer of 1642 both the Parliamentary party and KingCharles I negotiated with each other while preparing for war.
When Charles endeavoured to raise a guard for his own person atYork, intending it, as the event afterwards proved, to form the nucleus of an army,Lord Fairfax was required by Parliament to present a petition to his sovereign, entreating Charles to hearken to the voice of his Parliament, and to discontinue the raising of troops. This was at a great meeting of the freeholders and farmers ofYorkshire convened by the king on Heworth Moor on 3 June near York. Charles evaded receiving the petition, pressing his horse forward, butThomas Fairfax followed him and placed the petition on the pommel of the king's saddle.[11]
The lands called Monk Ward Stray consist of 131 acres and 38perches of land, situate near York, and in the township of Heworth. Before the passing of an Enclosure Act 1817, the freemen of York, who were occupiers of houses within a division or ward of the city, called Monk Ward, were, together with certain other persons, entitled to common of pasture and right of stray or average, and had immemorially used and enjoyed the same, in and over a parcel of ground called Heworth Moor, of which G. A. Thweng, lord of the manor of Heworth, was thenseised in fee; another piece of land, called Heworth Grange, of which the king was then seised in fee; and certain closes and other parcels of ground, called Hall Fields, of which E. Prest and others were then seised in fee.[12]
Construction of the Heworth Green Villas on Heworth Road began about 1817.[13] Until the mid-19th century, the Lord of the Manor was the ReverendRobert William Bilton Hornby. The Ordnance Survey map of 1849, shows that Heworth was effectively a square of three parallel streets sandwiched between the then Scarborough Road and East Parade.
On the outskirts of the village nearMonk Stray wasElmfield College, aPrimitive Methodist foundation which existed from 1864 to 1932, when it merged withAshville College inHarrogate. All that is left of the college now is numbers 1 and 9 Straylands Grove, next to Monk Stray, and staff housing along Elmfield Terrace and Willow Grove.
The church of Holy Trinity (architect:George Fowler Jones) was added in 1869; outlying features included aWesleyan Chapel, the manor house, a public house (The Britannia), a windmill, several potteries, Heworth Hall and Heworth House. At that timeTang Hall was just that – a hall situated in parkland; since then it has developed into its own neighbourhood.Christ Church was built on Stockton Lane in 1964. Heworth became aConservation Area in 1975.
Heworth has some history in the sports ofcricket,football,rugby league and others. Heworth Cricket Club is said to have been founded in 1784 (in 2009 they celebrated their 225th anniversary).[21] The football club was one of the earliest to play in the York area, and featured in theYork Football League from 1898 onwards. They finished as runners-up of the top level during the 1908–09, 1909–10 and 1911–12 seasons.
Elmpark Way in the village has hosted theYork International 9s competition since 2002. It is an annualrugby league nines competition and in the past has featured clubs from England, France and Russia. It has been given a five-star rating by theRugby League European Federation.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fairfax of Cameron, Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Baron".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 130. This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fairfax of Cameron, Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Baron".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 130.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain: "Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the English Courts of Common Law: With Tables of the Cases and Principal Matters", by Thomas Sergeant (editor, 1865)
Media related toHeworth, York at Wikimedia Commons