| Hermit thrush | |
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Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Turdidae |
| Genus: | Catharus |
| Species: | C. guttatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Catharus guttatus (Pallas, 1811) | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Thehermit thrush (Catharus guttatus) is a medium-sized North Americanthrush.
It is not very closely related to the other North Americanmigrant species ofCatharus, but rather to the Mexicanrusset nightingale-thrush.[2] The specific nameguttatus isLatin for "spotted",[3] though historically this species has been given 17 additional species or subspecies names by various authors, now all treated as synonyms.[4]
This species measures 15 to 18 cm (5.9 to 7.1 in) in length, spans 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in) across the wings and weighs 18 to 37 g (0.63 to 1.31 oz). Among standard measurements, thewing chord is 7.8 to 11.1 cm (3.1 to 4.4 in), thebill is 1.6 to 1.9 cm (0.63 to 0.75 in) and thetarsus is 2.7 to 3.3 cm (1.1 to 1.3 in). It is more compact and stockier than other North AmericanCatharus thrushes, with relatively longer wings.[5] The hermit thrush has the white-dark-white underwing pattern characteristic ofCatharus thrushes. Adults are mainly brown on the upperparts, with reddish tails. The underparts are white with dark spots on the breast and grey or brownish flanks. They have pink legs and a white eye ring. Birds in the east are more olive-brown on the upperparts; western birds are more grey-brown.[citation needed]
Hermit thrushes breed inconiferous or mixed woods across Canada, southern Alaska, and the northeastern and western United States. They are very rare vagrants to western Europe and northeast Asia.[6]
While most hermit thrushes migrate to wintering grounds in the southern United States and south to Central America, some remain in northern coastal US states and southern Ontario.[7] Identification of spotted thrushes is simplified by the fact that hermit thrush is the only spotted thrush normally found in North America during winter.[8]
Hermit thrushes make a cup nest on the ground or relatively low in a tree. They usually breed in forests, but will sometimes winter in parks and wooded suburban neighborhoods.
Hermit thrushes forage on theforest floor, as well as in trees or shrubs, mainly eating insects and berries.
The hermit thrush's song[9] has been described as "the finest sound in nature"[10] and is ethereal and flute-like, consisting of a beginning note, then several descending musical phrases in a minor key, repeated at different pitches. It often sings from a high open location. Analysis of the notes of its song indicates that they are related by harmonic simple integer pitch ratios, like many kinds of human music and unlike the songs of other birds that have been similarly examined.[10][11]
The hermit thrush is thestate bird ofVermont.
Walt Whitman construes the hermit thrush as a symbol of the American voice, poetic and otherwise, in his elegy for Abraham Lincoln, "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd,"[12] one of the fundamental texts in the American literary canon. "A Hermit Thrush"[13] is the name of a poem by the American poetAmy Clampitt. A hermit thrush appears in the fifth section ("What the Thunder Said") of theT. S. Eliot poemThe Waste Land.
Former Canadianindie-rock bandThrush Hermit took their name from a reversal of the bird's name. It is also shared by the American bands Hermit Thrushes andHermit Thrush.
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