 Taylor with coach at 1908 Olympics | |
| Personal information | |
|---|---|
| National team | Great Britain |
| Born | (1885-03-17)17 March 1885 Oldham, England |
| Died | 28 February 1951(1951-02-28) (aged 65) Oldham, England |
| Height | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Weight | 66 kg (146 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Strokes | Freestyle |
| Club | Chadderton Swim Club Hyde Seal Club |
Medal record | |
Henry Taylor (17 March 1885 – 28 February 1951[1][2][3]) was an English competitiveswimmer who represented Great Britain in fourSummer Olympics between 1906 and 1920.[4] Taylor served in theRoyal Navy during the First World War, and continued to swim competitively until 1926. His fortunes declined after he retired, and he died penniless. His record of three gold medals at one Olympic Games – the most by any Briton – stood for 100 years until it was equaled by cyclistChris Hoy in 2008. Tying the medal count of AmericanMel Sheppard, he was the most successful athlete at the 1908 Olympics.
Henry Taylor was born inHollinwood inOldham, Lancashire, on 17 March 1885 to James, acoal miner, and Elizabeth Taylor. Henry's parents died when he was young, and he was raised by his older brother, Bill.[5] Taylor learned to swim in theHollinwood Canal and practised in any water body he could find – baths, becks, canals, lakes, etc., including theHollinwood Canal andAlexandra Park's boating lake.[3]Austin Rawlinson, who was Taylor's friend and later president ofAmateur Swimming Association, recalled that Taylor "loved his swimming more than anything else in life".[6] At the age of seven Taylor swam in his first race.[7]
Bill became his coach, and Henry trained in the Oldham Baths, and from 1894 in theChadderton Baths, often on the "dirty water days" because of cheaper admission.[6][8] During this time he continued to train in the canal, and when he got a job at acotton mill, he spent his lunchtimes swimming in the canal.[5] At 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) and weighing 10 stone 6 pounds (66 kg),[8] he wore a hand-woven silk swimming costume weighing about an ounce.[9]
Taylor came to attention after success with Chadderton Swimming Club.[3] He was selected for the1906 Intercalated Games in Athens. Although he was not expected to win any medals, he eventually won gold in the one mile freestyle,[5] a silver in the 400 m freestyle, and a bronze in the 4×250 m freestyle. Later that year, Taylor broke the world record for 880 yards (800 m). He was an automatic selection for the1908 Summer Olympics.[5]
During the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, Taylor won gold medals in the three events in which he took part:[5] the 400 m freestyle, the 4×200 m freestyle, and the 1500 m freestyle. He finished first in all of the races he took part in during the games bar one. After performing well in the heats of the 400 m freestyle, he finished second in the semi-final to AustrianOtto Scheff, who won the same event in the 1906 Intercalated Games. However, in the final, Taylor finished 10 seconds ahead of the Austrian, who won the bronze. The British press hailed Taylor as "Britain's Greatest Amateur Swimmer".[5] He was the first man to hold the world record for the 1500 metres freestyle, a feat that he completed on 25 July 1908 in a time of 22:48.4 in London. His haul of three was the most gold medals won by any Briton at the Olympics. This feat was not repeated by any British participant in the Olympic Games for a century until Chris Hoy won three gold medals incycling events at the2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.[5]
Four years later, Taylor was selected for the1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. In the 4×200 m freestyle relay, he helped his team win bronze.[5] There were no Olympic Games in 1916 because of the First World War. Taylor joined the Royal Navy in 1914 and kept fit by swimming around the ships when his ship was anchored atScapa Flow.[3] He was present at theBattle of Jutland. A popular story tells that during the course of the battle, his ship,HMSSt. Vincent, was sunk, and while the survivors waited for two hours to be rescued, Taylor swam around encouraging his crewmates.[5] However, this story is probably a myth as HMSSt Vincent was not sunk at the Battle of Jutland.[10] He was transferred toHMSRamillies where he remained until he wasdemobilised.[3]
After the war, Taylor returned to swimming. He took part in theMorecambe Bay Race, winning eight times over a period of 20 years and at one point held the record.[9] Taylor attempted to emulateMatthew Webb in swimming across theEnglish Channel but failed due to bad weather.[11] He annually took on the French champion, swimming in theRiver Thames and theRiver Seine and winning on every occasion.[3] Taylor's last appearance in the Olympic Games was atAntwerp, Belgium, in1920 when he again helped the 4×200 m freestyle relay team to a bronze medal.[5]
Taylor continued swimming competitively into his 40s until he retired in 1926. He also playedwater polo for England.[6][8] During his career he won over 35 trophies and 300 medals.[5] He suffered a setback when thepublic house, the Nudger, he owned inDobcross was closed due to financial difficulties.[3] Taylor became an attendant at Chadderton Baths.[9] To raise money, Taylor was forced to sell most of his prizes. He died in obscurity aged 65 on 28 February 1951, at lodgings in Brierley Street, Chadderton, he was penniless and unmarried.[5][12] He was cremated and his remains were scattered atRochdale Cemetery.[5]
The trophies Taylor won were collected and temporarily displayed at Chadderton Baths.[3] In 1969 he was posthumously inducted into theInternational Swimming Hall of Fame.[6] In 2002, ablue plaque was unveiled at Chadderton Baths commemorating his swimming achievements.[5] At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China,Rebecca Adlington became the first British swimmer to win more than one gold medal at a single Olympic Games since Taylor won three in 1908.[13]
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Incumbent | Men's 1500-metres freestyle world record-holder (long course) 25 July 1908 – 10 July 1912 | Succeeded by |
| 440 yards | |
|---|---|
| 400 metres |
|
| 1 mile |
|
|---|---|
| Intercalated Games |
|
| 1500 metres |
|
