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Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne

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British politician (1780–1863)

The Most Honourable The Marquess of Lansdowne KG PC FRS
Portrait byHenry Walton,c. 1805

Leader of the House of Lords
In office 6 July 1846 – 27 February 1852
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	The Duke of Wellington
Succeeded by	The Earl of Derby
Lord President of the Council
In office 6 July 1846 – 27 February 1852
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	The Duke of Buccleuch
Succeeded by	The Earl of Lonsdale
In office 23 April 1835 – 3 September 1841
Monarchs	William IV Victoria
Prime Minister	The Viscount Melbourne
Preceded by	The Earl of Rosslyn
Succeeded by	The Lord Wharncliffe
In office 22 November 1830 – 14 November 1834
Monarch	William IV
Prime Minister	The Earl Grey The Viscount Melbourne
Preceded by	The Earl Bathurst
Succeeded by	The Earl of Rosslyn
Secretary of State for the Home Department
In office 16 July 1827 – 22 January 1828
Monarch	George IV
Prime Minister	The Viscount Goderich
Preceded by	William Sturges Bourne
Succeeded by	Robert Peel
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office 5 February 1806 – 26 March 1807
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	The Lord Grenville
Preceded by	William Pitt the Younger
Succeeded by	Spencer Perceval
Member of theHouse of Lords Lord Temporal
In office 16 November 1809 – 31 January 1863 Hereditary Peerage
Preceded by	The 2nd Marquess of Lansdowne
Succeeded by	The 4th Marquess of Lansdowne
Member of Parliament forCambridge University
In office 15 December 1806 – 27 April 1807
Preceded by	William Pitt the Younger
Succeeded by	Vicary Gibbs
Member of Parliament forCalne
In office 31 August 1802 – 24 October 1806
Preceded by	Sir Francis Baring, Bt
Succeeded by	Osborne Markham

Personal details
Born	(1780-07-02)2 July 1780 Lansdowne House,Mayfair,Middlesex, England
Died	31 January 1863(1863-01-31) (aged 82) Bowood House,Derry Hill, Wiltshire, England
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Lady Louisa Fox-Strangways (1785–1851)
Children	William Louisa Henry
Parents	William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne Lady Louisa FitzPatrick
Alma mater	University of Edinburgh Trinity College, Cambridge

Quartered arms of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, PC, FRS

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne (2 July 1780 – 31 January 1863), known asLord Henry Petty from 1784 to 1809, was a British statesman. In a ministerial career spanning nearly half a century, he notably served asHome Secretary andChancellor of the Exchequer and was three timesLord President of the Council, serving in every Whig or Liberal Ministry from 1806 to 1863.

Background and education

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Lansdowne was the son of Prime MinisterWilliam Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne (better known as the Earl of Shelburne), by his second marriage toLady Louisa, daughter ofJohn FitzPatrick, 1st Earl of Upper Ossory. He was educated atWestminster School, theUniversity of Edinburgh, andTrinity College, Cambridge.^[1]^[2]

Political career

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He entered theHouse of Commons in 1802 as member for the family borough ofCalne and quickly showed his mettle as a politician. In February 1806 he becameChancellor of the Exchequer inLord Grenville'sMinistry of All the Talents, being at this time member for theUniversity of Cambridge, but he lost both his seat and his office in 1807.

In 1809 he became the 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne, succeeding his politically disaffected elder half-brother,John Petty, in the title. The 2nd Marquess, had been obliged to leave Ireland, where the family had estates, after intelligence reports had implicated him in theUnited-Irish conspiracy ofRobert Emmet.^[3] On the death of their father, the 1st Marquess had married his mistress by whom he had had no children.^[4]

In theHouse of Lords and in society the third marquess continued to play an active part as one of theWhig leaders. His chief interest was perhaps in the question of Roman Catholic emancipation, a cause which he consistently championed, but he sympathised also with the advocates of the abolition of the slave trade and with the cause of popular education. Lansdowne, who had succeeded his cousin, Francis Thomas Fitzmaurice, as 4th Earl of Kerry in 1818, took office withGeorge Canning in May 1827 and wasSecretary of State for the Home Department from July of that year until January 1828.^[1]

He wasLord President of the Council underEarl Grey and then underLord Melbourne from November 1830 to August 1841, with the exception of the few months in 1835 when SirRobert Peel was prime minister. He held the same office during the whole ofLord John Russell's ministry (1846–1852), and, having declined to becomeprime minister, sat in the cabinets ofLord Aberdeen and ofLord Palmerston, but without office. In 1857 he refused the offer of a dukedom.^[1]Punch (October 1857 p.144) approved of his refusal, writing: “Lord Lansdowne won’t be Duke of Kerry. Lord Lansdowne is a wise man, very. Punch drinks his health in port and sherry”.^[5]

In his later years Lansdowne was known as "theNestor of the Whigs" (after the wise old king ofGreek mythology).^[6] His social influence and political moderation made him one of the most powerful Whig statesmen of the time; he was frequently consulted byQueen Victoria on matters of moment, and his long official experience made his counsel invaluable to his party.^[1] He died on 31 January 1863.^[1]

In Kenmare, he donated the site of the Holy Cross Church to the town. In 1864, Father John O'Sullivan (1806–1874) built the church on that site.

Other public appointments

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Lansdowne chaired the inaugural meeting of theLondon Statistical Society, and was its first president (1834–1836). He later served a second term (1842–1844). (SeeThe Times 15 and 17 March 1834, and John Bibby (1987)HOTS: History of Teaching Statistics.)

Family

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Photograph of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne,c. 1857

Lord Lansdowne married Lady Louisa Fox-Strangways, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Ilchester, in 1808. They had two sons and one daughter:

William Thomas Petty-FitzMaurice, Earl of Kerry (30 March 1811 – 21 August 1836)
Lady Louisa (1813 – 12 June 1906) married Hon. James Kenneth Howard, son ofThomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk. They had a son Kenneth (married Lady Emily Bury, daughter of theEarl of Charleville) and daughter Winifrede.
Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 4th Marquess of Lansdowne (7 January 1816 – 5 July 1866).

Louisa died in April 1851, aged 65, and Lord Lansdowne in January 1863, aged 82. His eldest son, the Earl of Kerry, had predeceased him and he was succeeded in the marquessate by his only surviving son, Henry. The latter was the father ofHenry Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, who also became a distinguished statesman. The elderly 3rd Marquess had a close relationship with his grandson, the future 5th Marquess.^[7]

Arms

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Coat of arms of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne
	Coronet ACoronet of a Marquess Crest 1st, a beehive beset with bees, diversely volant, proper ; 2nd, a centaur drawing a bow and arrow, proper, the part from the waist argent. Escutcheon Quarterly : 1st and 4th Ermine, on a bend, azure a magnetic needle pointing at a polar star, or, (Petty); 2nd and 3rd Argent, a saltier, gules, a chief, ermine (Fitzmaurice). Supporters Two pegasi, ermine.; bridled, crined, winged, and unguled, or, each charged on the shoulder with a fienr-de-lis, azure. Motto Virtute non verbis (By courage, not words). Orders The Most Noble Order of the Garter - Knight Companion (KG).^[8]

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lansdowne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 1st Marquess of s.v. Henry Petty Fitzmaurice".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
^"Fitzmaurice, Lord Henry Petty (FTSY798HP)".A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^Geoghegan, Patrick M. (2002).Robert Emmet: A Life. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 47-48.ISBN 978-0-7735-2542-9. Retrieved25 December 2024.
^"Petty, John Henry, Earl Wycombe (1765–1809). | History of Parliament Online".www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved26 November 2021.
^Kerry 2018, pp.4-5
^Kerry 2018, pp.4-5
^Kerry 2018, pp.4-5
^Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. 1899. pp. 1190–1193.

Books

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Kerry, Simon.Lansdowne: The Last Great Whig (2018),ISBN 9781910787953,OCLC 1043014305, scholarly biography of his grandson the 5th Marquess.Online review (Wall Street Journal).

External links

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InA Great Stream from a Petty-Fountain (1806),James Gillray caricatured the budget of Petty, then the new Chancellor of the Exchequer, as a stream from which his fellow Whigs fed. Petty is the fountainhead at the upper right.

"Archival material relating to Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne".UK National Archives.
Obituary inIllustrated London News, 14 February 1863.
Hansard 1803–2005:contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Lansdowne

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Joseph Jekyll Francis Baring, Bt	Member of Parliament forCalne 1802 –1806 With:Joseph Jekyll	Succeeded by Joseph Jekyll Osborne Markham
Preceded by William Pitt the Younger Earl of Euston	Member of Parliament forCambridge University 1806 –1807 With:Earl of Euston	Succeeded by Earl of Euston Sir Vicary Gibbs
Preceded by Robert Adair Viscount Maitland	Member of Parliament forCamelford 1807–1809 With:Robert Adair	Succeeded by Robert Adair Henry Brougham
Political offices
Preceded by William Pitt the Younger	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1806–1807	Succeeded by Spencer Perceval
Preceded by William Sturges Bourne	Home Secretary 1827–1828	Succeeded by Sir Robert Peel, Bt
Preceded by The Earl Bathurst	Lord President of the Council 1830–1834	Succeeded by The Earl of Rosslyn
Preceded by The Earl of Rosslyn	Lord President of the Council 1835–1841	Succeeded by The Lord Wharncliffe
Preceded by The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry	Lord President of the Council 1846–1852	Succeeded by The Earl of Lonsdale
Preceded by The Duke of Wellington	Leader of the House of Lords 1846–1852	Succeeded by The Earl of Derby
Party political offices
Preceded by The Viscount Melbourne	Leader of the Whigs in theHouse of Lords 1842–1855	Succeeded by The Earl Granville
Preceded by The Viscount Melbourne	Leader of the British Whig Party 1842 – 1846 – withLord John Russell	Succeeded by Lord John Russell
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by John Petty	Marquess of Lansdowne 1809–1863	Succeeded by Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by Francis Thomas-Fitzmaurice	Earl of Kerry 1818–1863	Succeeded by Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
Academic offices
Preceded by Thomas Campbell	Rector of the University of Glasgow 1829–1831	Succeeded by Henry Thomas Cockburn
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Earl of Pembroke	Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire 1827–1863	Succeeded by The Marquess of Ailesbury
Preceded by The Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale	Senior Privy Counsellor 1851–1863	Succeeded by The Viscount Palmerston

v t e Leaders of the opposition of the United Kingdom
House of Commons	Fox Howick Ponsonby Tierney Peel Althorp Peel Russell Peel Russell Bentinck Granby Granby/Herries/Disraeli Disraeli Russell Disraeli Palmerston Disraeli Gladstone Disraeli Gladstone Hartington Northcote Gladstone Hicks Beach Gladstone Balfour Harcourt Campbell-Bannerman Balfour Chamberlain Balfour Law Vacant Carson Asquith Maclean Asquith MacDonald Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin Henderson Lansbury Attlee Lees-Smith Pethick-Lawrence Greenwood Attlee Churchill Attlee Morrison Gaitskell Brown Wilson Douglas-Home Heath Wilson Heath Thatcher Callaghan Foot Kinnock Smith Beckett Blair Major Hague Duncan Smith Howard Cameron Harman Miliband Harman Corbyn Starmer Sunak Badenoch
House of Lords	Grenville Grey 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne Wellington 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne Wellington Melbourne Wellington Melbourne 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne Stanley 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne Derby (Stanley) Granville Derby Russell Granville Malmesbury Cairns Richmond Granville Beaconsfield 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Granville 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Granville Kimberley 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Rosebery Kimberley Spencer Ripon 5th Marquess of Lansdowne Crewe Curzon of Kedleston Haldane Parmoor 4th Marquess of Salisbury Hailsham Parmoor Ponsonby of Shulbrede Snell Addison 5th Marquess of Salisbury Addison Jowitt Alexander of Hillsborough Carrington Shackleton Carrington Peart Cledwyn of Penrhos Richard Cranborne Strathclyde Royall of Blaisdon Smith of Basildon True

Leaders of the opposition of the United Kingdom

House of Commons

House of Lords

v t e Presidents of theRoyal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842Viscount Sandon 1842–1843The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845Lord Ashley 1845–1847The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853The Lord Overstone 1853–1855The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859Lord Stanley 1859–1861Lord John Russell 1861–1863Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865William Henry Sykes 1865–1867The Lord Houghton 1867–1869William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871William Newmarch 1871–1873William Farr 1873–1875William Guy 1875–1877James Heywood 1877–1879George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880Thomas Brassey 1880–1882James Caird 1882–1884Robert Giffen 1884–1886Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888George Goschen 1888–1890Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894Charles Booth 1894–1896The Lord Farrer 1896–1897John Biddulph Martin 1897Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899Leonard Courtney 1899–1900Henry Fowler 1900–1902The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907Richard Martin 1907–1909Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915The Lord Welby 1915–1916Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918Bernard Mallet,Registrar General 1918–1920Herbert Samuel 1920–1922R. Henry Rew 1922–1924The Lord Emmott 1924–1926Udny Yule 1926–1928The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930A. William Flux 1930–1932Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934The Lord Meston 1934–1936Major Greenwood 1936–1938The Lord Kennet 1938–1940Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941Henry William Macrosty 1941Hector Leak 1941–1943William Beveridge 1943–1945Ernest Charles Snow 1945–1947The Lord Woolton 1947–1949David Heron 1949–1950Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954Ronald Fisher 1954–1955The Lord Piercy 1955–1957Egon Pearson 1957–1959Harry Campion 1959–1960Hugh Beaver 1960–1962Maurice Kendall 1962–1964Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968Frank Yates 1968–1969Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973Harold Wilson 1973–1974D. J. Finney 1974–1975Henry Daniels 1975–1977Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978Henry Wynn 1978–1980Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982David Cox 1982–1984Peter Armitage 1984–1985Walter Bodmer 1985–1986John Nelder 1986–1987James Durbin 1987–1989John Kingman 1989–1991Peter G. Moore 1991–1993T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997Adrian Smith 1997–1999Robert Nicholas Curnow 1999–2001Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003Peter Green 2003–2005Andy Grieve 2005–2007Tim Holt 2008–2009David Hand 2010–2010Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replacedpro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012Valerie Isham 2013–2014John Pullinger 2014–2016Peter Diggle 2017–2018David Spiegelhalter 2019–Deborah Ashby
Category List

v t e Chancellors of the Exchequer
England	Eustace of Fauconberg Maunsell Leicester Westminster Chishull W. Giffard G. Giffard Chishull de la Leye Willoughby Benstead Sandale Hotham Stanton Harvington Wodehouse Stratford Ashby Ashton Barnham Somer Somerset Browne Witham Thwaites Witham Fowler Catesby Lovell Berners Cromwell Baker Sackville Mildmay Fortescue Dunbar Caesar Greville Portland Barrett Cottington Colepeper Hyde Ashley Duncombe Ernle Delamer Hampden Montagu Smith Boyle
Great Britain	Boyle Smith Harley Benson Wyndham Onslow Walpole Stanhope Aislabie Pratt Walpole Sandys Pelham Lee Bilson-Legge Lyttelton Bilson-Legge Mansfield Bilson-Legge Barrington Dashwood Grenville Dowdeswell Townshend North Cavendish Pitt Cavendish Pitt Addington Pitt Ellenborough Petty Perceval Vansittart
United Kingdom	Vansittart Robinson Canning Tenterden Herries Goulburn Althorp Denman Peel Spring Rice Baring Goulburn Wood Disraeli Gladstone Lewis Disraeli Gladstone Disraeli Hunt Lowe Gladstone Northcote Gladstone Childers Hicks Beach Harcourt R. Churchill Goschen Harcourt Hicks Beach Ritchie A. Chamberlain Asquith Lloyd George McKenna Law A. Chamberlain Horne Baldwin N. Chamberlain Snowden W. Churchill Snowden N. Chamberlain Simon Wood Anderson Dalton Cripps Gaitskell Butler Macmillan Thorneycroft Heathcoat-Amory Lloyd Maudling Callaghan Jenkins Macleod Barber Healey Howe Lawson Major Lamont Clarke Brown Darling Osborne Hammond Javid Sunak Zahawi Kwarteng Hunt Reeves
Italic: Interim chancellor of the exchequer, asLord Chief Justice

v t e Home secretaries of the United Kingdom
Shelburne Townshend North Temple Sydney Grenville Dundas Portland Pelham Yorke Hawkesbury Spencer Liverpool Ryder Sidmouth Peel Sturges Bourne Lansdowne Peel Melbourne Duncannon Wellington Goulburn Russell Normanby Graham Grey Walpole Palmerston Grey Walpole Sotheron-Estcourt Lewis Grey Walpole Hardy Bruce Lowe Cross Harcourt Cross Childers Matthews Asquith Ridley Ritchie Akers-Douglas Gladstone Churchill McKenna Simon Samuel Cave Shortt Bridgeman Henderson Joynson-Hicks Clynes Samuel Gilmour Simon Hoare Anderson Morrison Somervell Chuter Ede Maxwell-Fyfe Lloyd George Butler Brooke Soskice Jenkins Callaghan Maudling Carr Jenkins Rees Whitelaw Brittan Hurd Waddington Baker K. Clarke Howard Straw Blunkett C. Clarke Reid Smith Johnson May Rudd Javid Patel Braverman Shapps Braverman Cleverly Cooper Mahmood

v t e Great Hunger in Ireland, 1845–1852
General	Irish Famine (1740–1741) History of Ireland (1801–1923) Penal Laws Absentee landlord Corn Laws Chronology of the Great Famine British Relief Association Souperism Coffin ship Irish diaspora Young Ireland rebellion Encumbered Estates' Court Legacy of the Great Famine National Famine Commemoration Day List of memorials to the Great Famine 1879 Irish Famine
People	Queen Victoria Earl Russell Viscount Halifax Earl of Lucan Marquess of Londonderry Marquess Conyngham Lord Farnham Robert Gore-Booth Nassau William Senior Viscount Palmerston Marquess of Lansdowne Marquess of Clanricarde Charles Trevelyan Christopher St George Robert Peel Lionel de Rothschild Stephen Spring Rice John Abel Smith Paweł Strzelecki Matthew James Higgins William Henry Gregory
Laws	Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1838 Temporary Relief Act 1847 Irish Poor Law Extension Acts Prevention of Crime (Ireland) Act 1848
Historians	John Mitchel Cecil Woodham-Smith F. S. L. Lyons Robert Dudley Edwards Joel Mokyr Cormac Ó Gráda Diarmaid Ferriter Colm Tóibín Tim Pat Coogan Christine Kinealy
Related	National Famine Museum Highland Potato Famine European Potato Failure Laissez-faire Economic liberalism Theories of famines Food security Malthusianism Irish National Land League Land War
Category

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat
National	United States Australia Norway Poland Israel
Artists	ULAN
People	Trove Deutsche Biographie
Other	IdRef SNAC 2 Yale LUX

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