Henry Nicholas Ridley | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1855-12-10)10 December 1855 West Harling, Norfolk |
| Died | 24 October 1956(1956-10-24) (aged 100) |
| Nationality | British |
| Known for | Rubber industry on theMalay Peninsula |
| Awards | Linnean Medal(1950) Fellow of the Royal Society[1] |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Botany |
| Institutions | Singapore Botanic Gardens |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | The standardauthor abbreviationRidl. is used to indicate this person as the author whenciting abotanical name.[2] |
Henry Nicholas RidleyCMG (1911),MA (Oxon),FRS,[1]FLS, F.R.H.S. (10 December 1855 – 24 October 1956) was an Englishbotanist, geologist andnaturalist who lived much of his life in Singapore. He was instrumental in promotingrubber trees in theMalay Peninsula that led to a level of rapid deforestation, instrumental in the 1926 Great Flood. For the fervour with which he pursued this work he came to be known as "Mad Ridley".
.jpg)
Henry Ridley was the second son and third child born to Louisa Pole Stuart and Oliver Matthew Ridley inWest Harling in Norfolk, where his father was the Rector. At the age of three his mother died and his father moved to Cobham in Kent. He studied atTonbridge School and then went toHaileybury where his brother Stuart also studied. At Cobham, he had taken to the idea of collecting insects and he continued this at Haileybury where the school encouraged him to publish a "List of the Mammals and Coleoptera of Haileybury". The two brothers left Haileybury and Henry went to a private tutor atMedmenham near Henley who encouraged him in Zoology and then went toExeter College, Oxford where he studied underEdwin Ray Lankester andGeorge Rolleston while also taking an interest in botany and geology under the influence ofMarmaduke Lawson andJoseph Prestwich. He graduated in 1878 and received a Burdett-Coutts scholarship that let him conduct research on fossils from quarries near Oxford. He then joined the British Museum in the botany department to replaceHenry Trimen who had moved to Ceylon. He specialised in themonocotyledons and also began to travel around Europe. In 1887 he joined the Royal Society expedition with George Ramage to the island ofFernando de Noronha off Brazil, and published on the collections on returning.[5] In 1888 he applied and was selected for the post of director of Gardens and Forests in the Straits Settlements. He was to meetOdoardo Beccari at Florence for information and to meet Trimen at Peradeniya to learn about rubber cultivation along the route.[6]
Reaching Singapore, he was the first scientific director in charge of the botanical gardens and in charge of introducing new plants of economical value.[7] Ridley established the methods for harvesting latex from Pará rubber plants which had been introduced ten years earlier by SirHugh Low[8] apart from starting a zoological section in the gardens in 1870. Ridley explored the regions around includingPenang andMalacca. In 1894 his post was abolished as the expenditure was found to exceed the revenues obtained. Ridley returned briefly to England but the removal of the post was however objected to byWilliam Turner Thiselton-Dyer and Ridley went back to Selangor to advise on forest reservation.[6]
Ridley spent many years promoting rubber as a commercial product, which he was known for being passionate; therefore, he was nicknamed "Mad Ridley".[9] In 1895, he discovered a means of tapping which did not seriously damage the rubber trees.[7] Ridley was also largely responsible for establishing the rubber industry on theMalay Peninsula,[10] where he resided for twenty years. The area underPará rubber slowly increased after 1898 when a Chinese landowner, Tan Chay Yan, grew 40 acres successfully, leading to more people taking to rubber cultivation.[6]
Ridley was also working on the botany of the region, collecting widely. He then returned to England in 1911 and stayed at Kew to work on a botanical treatise of the region. This five-volume Flora was published from 1922 to 1925.[6] In 1930, he published a seminal and comprehensive work on plant dispersal. This work was the culmination of his own observations over several years, and a review of widely scattered literature on the subject.[11] On his 100th birthday in 1955 he received a visit from the High Commissioner of the soon-to-be independentMalaya.[7]
He married Lily Eliza Doran when he was 83 years old. Ridley died in Kew, short of his 101st birthday on 24 October 1956.[6][12]
A near-complete list of publications can be found in the 80th birthday dedication issue of theGardens' Bulletin (1935). The following are a few selected publications.[13]
Several species are named after Henry Ridley, includingDiospyros ridleyi,Stenolepis ridleyi, andAmphisbaena ridleyi.[14] It has been claimed that theolive ridley sea turtle is named after him, but this has been questioned as there is insufficient evidence.[15] It is more likely that the turtle's common name comes from the word "riddle".[14]
In 1913, botanistRudolf Schlechter publishedRidleyella, amonotypic genus offlowering plants from the orchid family,Orchidaceae. The sole species isRidleyella paniculata, which isendemic toNew Guinea.[16][17]
Then in 1998, botanists A.Weber & B.L.Burtt publishedRidleyandra, a genus of about 30 species offlowering plants from Borneo, Malay and Thailand, belonging to the familyGesneriaceae and it also was named in Ridley's honour.[18]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
