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Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton

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British politician

The Right Honourable The Viscount Wolverhampton GCSI PC


Secretary of State for India
In office 10 March 1894 – 21 June 1895
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl of Rosebery
Preceded by	The Earl of Kimberley
Succeeded by	Lord George Hamilton
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
In office 10 December 1905 – 13 October 1908
Monarch	Edward VII
Prime Minister	Henry Campbell-Bannerman H. H. Asquith
Preceded by	Sir William Walrond, Bt
Succeeded by	The Lord Fitzmaurice
Lord President of the Council
In office 13 October 1908 – 16 June 1910
Monarchs	Edward VII George V
Prime Minister	H. H. Asquith
Preceded by	The Lord Tweedmouth
Succeeded by	The Lord Beauchamp

Personal details
Born	(1830-05-16)16 May 1830 Sunderland, County Durham. England
Died	25 February 1911(1911-02-25) (aged 80) Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Ellen Thorneycroft
Children	Ellen,Edith, andHenry

Henry Hartley Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton,GCSI, PC (16 May 1830 – 25 February 1911) was a British solicitor andLiberal politician who sat in theHouse of Commons from 1880 until 1908 when he was raised to thepeerage. A member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, he was the first solicitor and the first Methodist to enter the Cabinet or to be raised to the peerage.^[1]

Early life

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Fowler was born inSunderland, the son of Rev. Joseph Fowler (1791-1851)^[2] and his second wife Elizabeth Macneil nee Laing (stepdaughter of John Hartley 1775-1833).^[3] He was educated atWoodhouse Grove School, Apperley Bridge, Bradford (1840–42) and later at St. Saviour's Grammar School, Southwark.

He moved from London toWolverhampton in 1855 having been admitted as a solicitor in 1852.^[4] He served as a local councillor and was Mayor of Wolverhampton in 1866. He was chairman of Wolverhampton School Board in 1870, and was aDeputy Lieutenant forStaffordshire andJP for Wolverhampton.^[5]

Political career

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At the1880 general election Fowler was elected as aLiberal Member of Parliament (MP) for theborough of Wolverhampton,^[6] a seat he held until the borough was divided under theRedistribution of Seats Act 1885.^[7] He then was then returned at the1885 general election as the MP forWolverhampton East.^[8] In the1895 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours he was appointedGCSI. He remained in Parliament until he was ennobled in 1908.^[9] He served underWilliam Ewart Gladstone asUnder-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1884 to 1885, asFinancial Secretary to the Treasury in 1886 and asPresident of the Local Government Board from 1892 to 1894 and underLord Rosebery asSecretary of State for India from 1894 to 1895.^[10] In 1886, he was sworn of thePrivy Council.

Fowler later held office underSir Henry Campbell-Bannerman andH. H. Asquith asChancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster between 1905 and 1908. The latter year he was raised to the peerage asViscount Wolverhampton, of Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,^[11] and served under Asquith asLord President of the Council until 1910.^[10] He was widely thought of as a futurePrime Minister of the United Kingdom, but his ill health prevented this.

In his approach to policymaking, according to Neil Smith, Sir Henry Fowler (who became Viscount Wolverhampton in 1908) was supportive of reform legislation in the areas of pensions, education, and the Poor Law.^[12] According to his private secretary, however, he did not have "the patience to suffer Radical and Labour members gladly."^[13]

He was an elected President ofThe Law Society 1901–02.^[14]

Lord Wolverhampton died on 25 February 1911, aged 80.

Family

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Fowler married Ellen Thorneycroft, daughter of ironmaster and first Mayor of Wolverhampton,George Benjamin Thorneycroft, in 1857. They had a son and two daughters.

Their sonHenry succeeded to the viscountcy. Their daughters were the authors the Hon.Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler and the Hon.Edith Henrietta Fowler (who wrote a biography of her father).^[15]

Viscountess Wolverhampton's great nephew wasPeter Thorneycroft.

Arms

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Coat of arms of Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton
	Crest Upon a rock a stork Argent holding in the beak a cross-moline Sable. Escutcheon Per pale Gules and Sable on a chevron between in chief two lions passant and in base a portcullis all Argent a rose of the first barbed and seeded Proper. Supporters Dexter a wolf Or charged on the shoulder with an escutcheon Gules thereon two keys in saltire wards upwards Argent sinister a Royal tiger Or striped Sable charged on the shoulder with an escutcheon Azure thereon an estoile Argent. Motto In Te Domine Speravi^[16]

References

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^ODNB Online, article "Fowler, Henry Hartley" (accessed 2 July 2010)
^SeeJohn A. Vickers, "Joseph Fowler (1791-1851)", in A Dictionary of Methodism in Britain and Ireland (DMBI).
^Perry, Anthony (1997).The Fowler Legacy: The Story of a Forgotten Family. Studley, Warwickshire, U.K.: Brewin Books. p. 3.ISBN 1 85858 094 3.
^Anthony Perry, op. cit. p.8.
^Debretts Guide to the House of Commons 1886
^"No. 24829".The London Gazette. 2 April 1880. p. 2359.
^Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1977].British parliamentary election results 1832–1885 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 339.ISBN 0-900178-26-4.
^"No. 25541".The London Gazette. 18 December 1885. p. 6139.
^Craig, F. W. S. (1989) [1974].British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 212.ISBN 0-900178-27-2.
^^a ^bChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911)."Wolverhampton, Henry Hartley Fowler, Viscount" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 781.
^Edinburgh Gazette
^Smith, Neil (October 1972)."Social reform in Edwardian liberalism: the genesis of the policies of national insurance and old age pensions, 1906–11"(PDF).Durham e-Theses.Archived(PDF) from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved24 December 2022.
^Haworth, Alan; Hayter, Dianne (22 April 2015).Men Who Made Labour.ISBN 9781135390488.
^"The Law Society".The Times. No. 36752. London. 26 April 1902. p. 8.
^"Review ofThe Life of Henry Hartley Fowler, First Viscount Wolverhampton by his daughter Edith Henrietta Fowler (Hon. Mrs. R. Hamilton), published in 1912 by Hutchinson & Company".The Athenaeum (4434):439–440. 19 October 1912.
^Debrett's Peerage. 1921.

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography –Fowler, Henry Hartley

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toHenry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton.

Works by or about Henry Fowler, 1st Viscount Wolverhampton at theInternet Archive
Hansard 1803–2005:contributions in Parliament by Henry Fowler

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers Thomas Matthias Weguelin	Member of Parliament forWolverhampton 1880–1885 With:Hon. Charles Pelham Villiers	Constituency divided seeWolverhampton East Wolverhampton South Wolverhampton West
New constituency before:Wolverhampton	Member of Parliament forWolverhampton East 1885–1908	Succeeded by George Thorne
Political offices
Preceded by George Lees Underhill	Mayor of Wolverhampton 1862–1863	Succeeded by John Hawksford
Preceded by John Tomlinson Hibbert	Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department 1884–1885	Succeeded by Charles Stuart-Wortley
Preceded by William Jackson	Financial Secretary to the Treasury February 1886 – July 1886	Succeeded by William Jackson
Preceded by Charles Ritchie	President of the Local Government Board 1892–1894	Succeeded by George Shaw-Lefevre
Preceded by The Earl of Kimberley	Secretary of State for India 1894–1895	Succeeded by Lord George Hamilton
Preceded by Sir William Walrond, Bt	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1905–1908	Succeeded by The Lord Fitzmaurice
Preceded by The Lord Tweedmouth	Lord President of the Council 1908–1910	Succeeded by The Earl Beauchamp
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Viscount Wolverhampton 1908–1911	Succeeded by Henry Fowler

v t e Presidents of theRoyal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842Viscount Sandon 1842–1843The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845Lord Ashley 1845–1847The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853The Lord Overstone 1853–1855The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859Lord Stanley 1859–1861Lord John Russell 1861–1863Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865William Henry Sykes 1865–1867The Lord Houghton 1867–1869William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871William Newmarch 1871–1873William Farr 1873–1875William Guy 1875–1877James Heywood 1877–1879George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880Thomas Brassey 1880–1882James Caird 1882–1884Robert Giffen 1884–1886Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888George Goschen 1888–1890Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894Charles Booth 1894–1896The Lord Farrer 1896–1897John Biddulph Martin 1897Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899Leonard Courtney 1899–1900Henry Fowler 1900–1902The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907Richard Martin 1907–1909Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915The Lord Welby 1915–1916Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918Bernard Mallet,Registrar General 1918–1920Herbert Samuel 1920–1922R. Henry Rew 1922–1924The Lord Emmott 1924–1926Udny Yule 1926–1928The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930A. William Flux 1930–1932Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934The Lord Meston 1934–1936Major Greenwood 1936–1938The Lord Kennet 1938–1940Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941Henry William Macrosty 1941Hector Leak 1941–1943William Beveridge 1943–1945Ernest Charles Snow 1945–1947The Lord Woolton 1947–1949David Heron 1949–1950Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954Ronald Fisher 1954–1955The Lord Piercy 1955–1957Egon Pearson 1957–1959Harry Campion 1959–1960Hugh Beaver 1960–1962Maurice Kendall 1962–1964Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968Frank Yates 1968–1969Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973Harold Wilson 1973–1974D. J. Finney 1974–1975Henry Daniels 1975–1977Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978Henry Wynn 1978–1980Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982David Cox 1982–1984Peter Armitage 1984–1985Walter Bodmer 1985–1986John Nelder 1986–1987James Durbin 1987–1989John Kingman 1989–1991Peter G. Moore 1991–1993T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997Adrian Smith 1997–1999Robert Nicholas Curnow 1999–2001Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003Peter Green 2003–2005Andy Grieve 2005–2007Tim Holt 2008–2009David Hand 2010–2010Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replacedpro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012Valerie Isham 2013–2014John Pullinger 2014–2016Peter Diggle 2017–2018David Spiegelhalter 2019–Deborah Ashby
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