Hengyang 衡阳市 Hengchow | |
|---|---|
 From top:Hengyang East Railway Station, Laiyan Pagoda, Dongzhou Island Temple, Shigu Academy, and Dragon Tower | |
| Nicknames: Wild Goose City (雁城), Bright Pearl in Southern China | |
.png) Location of Hengyang City jurisdiction in Hunan | |
  Hengyang Location of the city center in Hunan | |
| Coordinates (Hengyang government):26°53′38″N112°34′19″E / 26.894°N 112.572°E /26.894; 112.572 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture seat | Yanfeng District |
| Area | |
| 15,279 km2 (5,899 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 722 km2 (279 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 543 km2 (210 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 6,645,243 | |
| • Density | 434.93/km2 (1,126.5/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,361,085 |
| • Urban density | 1,890/km2 (4,880/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,290,715 |
| • Metro density | 2,380/km2 (6,160/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 409.0 billion US$ 60.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 55,737 US$ 8,288 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 421001 |
| Area code | 0734 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HN-04 |
| Website | www |
Hengyang (simplified Chinese:衡阳;traditional Chinese:衡陽;pinyin:Héngyáng;Mandarin pronunciation:[xə̌ŋ.jǎŋ]) is the second largest city ofHunan Province,China. It straddles theXiang River about 160 km (99 mi) south of the provincial capital ofChangsha. As of the2020 Chinese census, Its total population was 6,645,243 inhabitants, of whom 1,290,715 lived in the built-up (or metro) area consisting of 4 urban districts, Nanyue District not being conurbated yet.
Hengyang is home toUniversity of South China,Hengyang Normal University, andHunan Institute of Technology, three major provincialpublic universities in the city.[3]
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The former name of the city wasHengzhou (Hengchow) (衡州;Héngzhōu[4]). This was the capital of aprefecture in theTang dynasty'sJiangnan andWest Jiangnancircuits.Li Jingxuan was banished to superintendence of Hengzhou after feigning an illness and attempting to usurp control of thelegislative bureau atChang'an against theGaozong Emperor's wishes in AD 680. Following the AD 705 coup that removed the EmpressWu Zetian from power, her allyLi Jiongxiu was also briefly demoted to superintendence of this province. During the reign ofEmperor Muzong, the chancellorLinghu Chu was also demoted to this province for his underlings' alleged corruption.
In the 750s, the superintendent of HengzhouChen Xi'ang not only ruled his own region but also used his private army to dominate his nominal superior, the military governorZhang Weiyi headquartered inJing Prefecture (modernJingzhou). Upon Zhang's replacement by the former chancellorLü Yin in 760, however, Chen was placated and then killed in a surprise attack.
During the reign of the Tang emperorXizong,Zhou Yue overthrew first the prefect of HengzhouXu Hao in 881 and then the agent of the rebelQin Zongquan in the capital of theQinhua Circuit atTan Prefecture (modernChangsha) in 886. Xizong confirmed Zhou Yue in all his posts, renaming his circuitWu'an. Xizong's brother then gave him additional authority overWest Lingnan Circuit (modernGuangxi). Shortly after, in 893,Deng Chune andLei Man attacked and killed him.
Other superintendents includedQi Ying andXiao Ye.
After initially falling to agrarian rebels underYang Shiyuan, Hengzhou was recovered by the lord of Wu'anMa Yin and formed part of his power base during the collapse of the Tang. He initially supported theLater Liang, then declared himself king (Ma Chu) in his own right during theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
During theRevolt of the Three Feudatories,Wu Sangui declared himself Emperor of theGreat Zhou and established an imperial court at Hengzhou in 1678 before dying of illness later that year. His grandsonWu Shifan then retreated toYunnan, and the Qing recovered Hengzhou the next year.
TheBattle of Hengyang was the longest defense of a single city during theSecond Sino-Japanese War. When Changsha fell to the Imperial Japanese Army on June 19, 1944, Hengyang became their next target. The reorganized11th Army, consisting of 10 divisions, four brigades, and over 110,000 men, assumed the task of attacking Hengyang. It was part of the JapaneseIchi-Go offensive.
ARoman Catholic diocese of Hengzhou was established, although periodically suppressed. This was suffragan to theArchbishop of Changsha following its elevation in 1946.
In 2013, Hengyang was the center of a majorvote buying scandal where it was found that 56 officials were founded to be complicit in paying lower level local officials for votes. The 56 were subsequently removed from office, and an additional 512 resigned from their positions.[5]
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Hengyang has an area of 15,279 km2 (5,899 sq mi) and a population of 7,141,162. There are 1,075,516 people in the built-up area of 522 km2 (202 sq mi) in the four central urban districts. Hengyang is a busy and growing industrial City and the leading transportation centre ofHunan, linking water, rail, and highway routes. Manufacturing includes: chemicals, agricultural, mining equipment, textiles, paper and processed foods. Lead, zinc, coal, and tin are mined nearby. Hengyang is the second largest city in Hunan province, and is a growing industrial hub and transportation center.
Known as the 'Bright Pearl inSouthern China' and as 'Wild Goose City' (the latter because of wildgeese that used to rest here while flying south for the winter), Hengyang has been the birthplace of many historical figures, such the revolutionistLuo Ronghuan[6] and a notedMing scholarWang Fuzhi. The city was badly damaged duringWorld War II[7] and few historical buildings survive in diverse stage of reconstruction, including Shigu Academy, Dragon Tower,Confucian School on the Dongzhou Island (东洲岛), Laiyan Pagoda andNantai Temple.Mount Heng, one of theFive Sacred Mountains, lies 45 kilometres north from the city proper.
Hengyang has ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa), with four distinct seasons. Spring is subject to heavy rainfall, while the summers are long, hot, and humid with lesser rainfall, and autumn is comfortable and rather dry. Winter is rather brief, but cold snaps occur with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing, and while not heavy, rain can be frequent. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from 6.0 °C (42.8 °F) in January to 29.8 °C (85.6 °F) in July.[8]
| Climate data for Hengyang, elevation 105 m (344 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) | 32.2 (90.0) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.3 (99.1) | 38.6 (101.5) | 40.2 (104.4) | 41.3 (106.3) | 38.7 (101.7) | 36.5 (97.7) | 32.6 (90.7) | 26.3 (79.3) | 41.3 (106.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 16.4 (61.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 31.0 (87.8) | 34.5 (94.1) | 33.7 (92.7) | 29.7 (85.5) | 24.3 (75.7) | 18.3 (64.9) | 12.2 (54.0) | 22.7 (72.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) | 8.8 (47.8) | 12.7 (54.9) | 18.8 (65.8) | 23.4 (74.1) | 26.9 (80.4) | 30.0 (86.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 25.4 (77.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.3 (57.7) | 8.7 (47.7) | 18.7 (65.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) | 6.3 (43.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 20.2 (68.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 16.9 (62.4) | 11.3 (52.3) | 6.0 (42.8) | 15.7 (60.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) | −7.9 (17.8) | −0.3 (31.5) | 3.7 (38.7) | 10.2 (50.4) | 13.2 (55.8) | 18.9 (66.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 12.8 (55.0) | 5.4 (41.7) | −0.7 (30.7) | −5.9 (21.4) | −7.9 (17.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 81.6 (3.21) | 85.8 (3.38) | 159.0 (6.26) | 150.6 (5.93) | 179.1 (7.05) | 169.0 (6.65) | 119.1 (4.69) | 117.8 (4.64) | 55.0 (2.17) | 62.4 (2.46) | 81.6 (3.21) | 58.8 (2.31) | 1,319.8 (51.96) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 15.4 | 14.4 | 18.7 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 14.2 | 10.0 | 10.5 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 155.7 |
| Average snowy days | 3.5 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 6.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 78 | 77 | 79 | 77 | 76 | 78 | 70 | 72 | 72 | 71 | 73 | 73 | 75 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 57.4 | 58.6 | 73.1 | 101.1 | 130.9 | 137.8 | 232.3 | 197.6 | 152.9 | 130.4 | 112.5 | 96.4 | 1,481 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 17 | 18 | 20 | 26 | 31 | 33 | 55 | 49 | 42 | 37 | 35 | 30 | 33 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[9][10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[11] | |||||||||||||
The city is divided into the old and new districts. The latter offer citizens and businesses the chance to move from the bleak and polluted city centre to newly constructedhousing estates.
| Map |
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The current CPC Party Secretary of Hengyang is Deng Cequn and the current mayor is Zhu Jian.
This is a list of institutions with full-time bachelor programs in Hengyang:
Hengyang is one of the45 highway hubs[citation needed] in China.G4 Beijing–Hong Kong and Macau Expressway andG72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway intersect here.China National Highway 107 (to Beijing, toGuangzhou) andChina National Highway 322 (toKunming) pass the city centre.
Two bus terminals are located in the city. One isHengyang Western Terminal which is located in the city centre and operates provincial lines and intra-metro lines in northern and western directions. Another is LingHu Terminal which operates lines of southern and eastern directions and locates on the edge of the city.
Hengyang is an important transport hub in southern China. TheBeijing–Guangzhou railway andHunan–Guangxi railway intersect at Hengyang.Hengyang railway station is one of the ten largest railway stations in China and is recognized as one of the extra-premium level stations.[citation needed] More than 100 trains pass by and stop at Hengyang Railway Station, making it one of the busiest stations all over the country and connecting it to mostcities of China.
The city's newHengyang East railway station is served by theWuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway and theHuaihua–Shaoyang–Hengyang railway. TheHengyang Metro is a plannedmonorailrapid transit system.
Opened in 2014, the city is served byHengyang Nanyue Airport.
Hengyang dialect (Xiang - Lao Xiang 湘语-老湘语; Gan 赣语;Southwest Mandarin 西南官话): the dialects of Hengyang city, Hengyang county and Hennan county are authentic Hengyang local dialects.[12]
By the end of 2022, Hengyang City has 8 national intangible cultural heritage protection programs and 27 provincial ones.[13]
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Hengyang travel guide from Wikivoyage| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
