Hendrik Severinus Pel | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1818-08-30)30 August 1818 Leiden, Netherlands |
| Died | 11 January 1876(1876-01-11) (aged 57) Leiden, Netherlands |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Zoology |
| Institutions | Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie |
Hendrik Severinus Pel (30 August 1818 – 11 January 1876) was a Dutchzoologist and colonial administrator on theDutch Gold Coast.[1]
Hendrik Pel was born inLeiden to warehouse keeper Isaac Pel and Adriana Lammerina Hunink. On 1 January 1832, at age 13, Hendrik Pel was appointed élève at theRijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie and educated as ataxidermist. Pel had an adventurous nature and inquired with his superiors about the possibility to be sent abroad as a collector of specimens. The museum's directorCoenraad Jacob Temminck saw in Pel an excellent candidate for the position of collector on theDutch Gold Coast; Temminck had already sent the medical officer A.J. Baierlein to the Gold Coast in 1822 to collect specimens, but he died soon after his arrival, and later attempts to have the officers of medicine on the Gold Coast send specimens to the Netherlands failed due to their unfamiliarity with taxidermy.[2]
Temminck tried to persuade the government to attach Pel toJan Verveer's 1838 expedition sent to the Gold Coast to "quell theAhanta insurrection," but his request was denied, as due to the previous failures the government had grown wary with sending taxidermists to the Gold Coast. In 1840, Temminck eventually convinced the government by suggesting to send Pel as an ordinary colonial administrator to the Coast with the instruction to collect specimens in his spare time. Pel was installed as assistant on the Coast of Guinea byroyal decree of 28 June 1840.[3]
After arriving inElmina in December 1840, Pel was appointed commandant ofFort Orange inSekondi on 13 April 1841.[4] This was followed on 4 January 1842 by an appointment as head of the recruitment depot forsoldiers of the Netherlands East Indies Army inKumasi, relievingJacob Huydecoper. Both Temminck and Pel himself had actively lobbied for Pel to get this appointment, as that would mean the only opportunity for Pel to gather specimens in the Gold Coast interior. Pel was recalled to Elmina on 7 February 1842, however, as the government stopped the recruitment of soldiers due to British objections.[5][6] Pel had not been able to gather specimens, but did publish an account of his journey to Kumasi.[7]
On 8 March 1842, Pel was appointed commandant ofFort Batenstein inButre. At this post, he was also responsible for the oversight of the Dutch mining enterprise in Dabokrom.[4] It is in Butre and Dabokrom that Pel was able to gather most specimens of his career on the Gold Coast. In January 1844, Pel was promoted to resident ofFort Crèvecoeur inAccra, which he found less interesting for taxidermy.[8] On 25 February 1845, Pel was appointed to bookkeeper,fiscal, secretary and cashier ad interim in Elmina, and on 3 September 1847 he was again sent to Fort Batenstein in Butre, but now as resident. He would stay there until he was granted European leave in late 1850.[9]
For almost the entire year of 1851, Pel was back in the Netherlands, working on an article about hunting on the Gold Coast and four zoological publications.[10] In January 1852, Pel resumed his duties in the colonial administration of the Gold Coast as bookkeeper, fiscal, secretary and cashier, an office he had earlier occupied in an ad interim position. This office made Pel second-in-command of the colony, but also prevented him from devoting much time to taxidermy. Pel moved back to the Netherlands in March 1855 and was honourably discharged from his duties by royal decree of 1 September 1855.[9]
In his article about hunting on the Gold Coast, Hendrik Pel was the first zoologist to describe the West African bush viper orAtheris chlorechis.[11] Of much higher significance for the scientific community were the books and articles written by others about the specimens Pel sent to the Netherlands. Temminck publishedEsquisses zoologiques sur la Côte de Guinee (1853) about the specimens of mammals sent by Pel,[12] and the German ornithologistGustav Hartlaub published two articles and a book based in large part on Pel's bird specimens.[13][14][15] Pel's fish specimens were studied byichthyologistPieter Bleeker,[16] Pel's snake specimens were studied byherpetologistHermann Schlegel,[17] and Pel'sCrustacea specimens were the subject ofJan Adrianus Herklots's dissertation.[18]
Hendrik Pel married Elisabeth Margaretha van Romburg in Leiden on 24 July 1867.[10]
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