Genus of common geckos
Hemidactylus Top:Flat-tailed house gecko Asian house gecko Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Squamata Suborder: Gekkota Family: Gekkonidae Subfamily: Gekkoninae Genus: Hemidactylus Oken , 1817[ 1] Type species Gecko tuberculosus Diversity 194 species, see text Synonyms List (in alphabetical order)
Aliurus E.R. Dunn & M.T. Dunn, 1940Boltalia Gray , 1842Bunocnemis Günther , 1894Cosymbotus Fitzinger Doryura Gray, 1845 Emydactylus Bocourt, 1870 Eurhous Fitzinger , 1861Hoplopodion Fitzinger, 1843 Leiurus Gray, 1845 (non Ehrenberg , [1828]:preoccupied ) Liurus Cope, 1862 (non Ehrenberg, 1831:preoccupied ) Lophopholis M.A. Smith &Deraniyagala , 1934Microdactylus Fitzinger, 1843 (non É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire , 1809:preoccupied ) Nubilia Gray, 1845 Onychopus Fitzinger, 1843 Pnoepus Fitzinger, 1843 Tachybates Fitzinger, 1843 Velernesia Gray, 1845 [ 2]
Hemidactylus Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi- ), meaning 'half', and δάκτυλος (dáktulos ), meaning 'finger') is agenus of the commongecko family ,Gekkonidae .[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] species , newfound ones being described every few years. These geckos are found in all thetropical regions of the world, extending into thesubtropical parts ofAfrica andEurope . They excel in colonizingoceanic islands byrafting onflotsam , and are for example found across most ofPolynesia . In somearchipelagoes ,cryptic species complexes are found.[ 2] [citation needed
This species is closely related to the genusGehyra
The species are typically known ashouse geckos , due to their readiness to adapt to and coexist with humans, and can be easily encountered in human habitations.
This genus was originally established byLorenz Oken in 1817 for the species at that time known asHemidactylus tuberculosus , and now described as thetropical house gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia ).[ 2] ἡμι hemi "half" andδάκτυλος dáktylos "fingers" because its toes have split or "half"lamella underneath them.[ 6]
The origin of the genusHemidactylus is still unclear as the higher level phylogeny is not well resolved. Moreover, much of the diversity in this group still remains to be discovered.
A house gecko will usually confine its excretions to one area of a house. This is sometimes considered a nuisance by home owners, and may stain certain surfaces.[ 7]
Foot upperside (left) and underside of theOriental leaf-toed gecko (H. bowringii ). Thedorsal scale pattern is either uniform or heterogeneous. The pupil of the eye is vertical. Males have pre-anal orfemoral pores . Each finger or toe has a slenderdistal clawedjoint , angularly bent and rising from within the extremity of the dilated portion.[ 8]
The fingers and toes are free, or more or less webbed, and dilated; underneath they bear a straight line running down theirlamellae , which is in a pattern resembling aparipinnate compound leaf .[ 8] leaf-toed geckos ", used mainly for species fromSouth Asia and its surroundings to prevent confusion with the many "leaf-toed"Gekkota not inHemidactylus .
Some members of the genus, such asH. platyurus , are able to runquadrupedally across water by a partiallysurface tension -dependent mechanism distinct from thebipedal gait ofbasilisks .[ 9]
Like many other gecko species, species in the genusHemidactylus are able to communicate with distinct vocalizations. Depending on the species, their vocalizations range from quiet clicks to short squeaks and chirps. For example, the Asiancommon house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus ) is notable for its distinctive chirping.
H. brookii H. flaviviridus Adultcommon house gecko (H. frenatus ) inChennai , India H. garnotii Adultgiant leaf-toed gecko (H. giganteus ) fromDindigul (Tamil Nadu ,India ) H. graniticolus H. maculatus H. prashadi Mediterranean house gecko (H. turcicus )H. varadgirii Hemidactylus aaronbaueri Giri , 2008Hemidactylus acanthopholis Mirza &Sanap , 2014Hemidactylus achaemenidicus Torki , 2019Hemidactylus adensis Šmíd et al., 2014Hemidactylus aemulus Kumar ,A. Srinivasulu &C. Srinivasulu , 2022Hemidactylus afarensis Šmíd et al., 2020 – Afar geckoHemidactylus agrius Vanzolini , 1978Hemidactylus albituberculatus J.-F. Trape , 2012Hemidactylus albivertebralis J.-F. Trape &Böhme , 2012 Hemidactylus albofasciatus Grandison &Soman , 1963Hemidactylus albopunctatus Loveridge , 1947Hemidactylus alfarraji Šmid,Shobrak ,Wilms ,Joger &Carranza , 2016 Hemidactylus alkiyumii Carranza &Arnold , 2012 Hemidactylus almakhwah Šmíd, Uvizl, Shobrak,Busais , Salim, R. Algethami, A. Algethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie,Rovatsos , Nováková,Mazuch & Carranza, 2022 Hemidactylus angulatus Hallowell , 1854Hemidactylus ansorgii Boulenger , 1901Hemidactylus aporus Boulenger, 1906 – Annobon leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus aquilonius McMahan &Zug , 2007Hemidactylus arnoldi Lanza , 1978Hemidactylus asirensis Šmid, Shobrak, Wilms, Joger & Carranza, 2016 Hemidactylus awashensis Šmíd et al., 2014 Hemidactylus barbierii Sindaco ,Razzetti &Ziliani , 2007Hemidactylus barbouri Loveridge, 1942 – Barbour’s leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus barodanus Boulenger, 1901 – enigmatic geckoHemidactylus bavazzanoi Lanza, 1978 – Somali banded gecko, Bavazzano’s geckoHemidactylus bayonii Bocage , 1893Hemidactylus benguellensis Bocage , 1893Hemidactylus beninensis Bauer ,Tchibozo ,Pauwels &Lenglet , 2006Hemidactylus biokoensis Wagner ,Leaché &Fujita , 2014Hemidactylus boavistensis Boulenger, 1906 – Boa Vista leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus bouvieri (Bocourt , 1870) – Bouvier's leaf-toed gecko, Cape Verde leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus bowringii (Gray , 1845) – Oriental leaf-toed gecko, Bowring's gecko, Sikkimese dark-spotted gecko, Asian smooth geckoHemidactylus brasilianus Amaral , 1935Hemidactylus brookii Gray, 1845 – Brooke's house gecko, spotted house geckoHemidactylus carivoensis Lobón-Rovira ,Conradie , Iglesias,R. Ernst ,L. Veríssimo ,Baptista &Pinto , 2021Hemidactylus chikhaldaraensis Agarwal , Bauer, Giri &Khandekar , 2019Hemidactylus chipkali Mirza &Raju , 2017 – Central Indian leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus cinganji Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, R. Ernst, L. Veríssimo, Baptista & Pinto, 2021 Hemidactylus citernii Boulenger, 1912 – speedy leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus coalescens Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014 Hemidactylus craspedotus Mocquard , 1890Hemidactylus curlei Parker , 1942Hemidactylus dawudazraqi Moravec ,Kratochvíl ,Amr ,Jandzik ,Šmíd &Gvoždík , 2011Hemidactylus depressus Gray, 1842 – Sri Lankan leaf-nosed gecko, Kandyan geckoHemidactylus dracaenacolus Rösler &Wranik , 1999Hemidactylus easai S. Das ,Pal ,Siddharth ,Palot ,Deepak &Narayanan , 2022Hemidactylus echinus O'Shaughnessy , 1875Hemidactylus endophis Carranza & Arnold, 2012 Hemidactylus eniangii Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014 Hemidactylus farasani Šmíd, Uvizl, Shobrak, Busais, Salim, R. Algethami, A. Algethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Rovatsos, Nováková, Mazuch & Carranza, 2022 – Farasan geckoHemidactylus fasciatus Gray, 1842 – banded leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus faustus Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, R. Ernst, L. Veríssimo, Baptista & Pinto, 2021 Hemidactylus festivus Carranza & Arnold, 2012 Hemidactylus flavicauda Lajmi , Giri,Singh & Agarwal, 2020Hemidactylus flaviviridis Rüppell , 1835Hemidactylus forbesii Boulenger, 1899 – Socotra leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus foudaii S. Baha El Din , 2003Hemidactylus fragilis Calabresi , 1915Hemidactylus frenatus Schlegel , 1836Hemidactylus funaiolii Lanza, 1978 – Archer's post gecko, Kenya leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus garnotii A.M.C. Duméril &Bibron , 1836Hemidactylus giganteus Stoliczka , 1871Hemidactylus gleadowi Murray , 1884Hemidactylus gracilis Blanford , 1870Hemidactylus gramineus Ceríaco , Bauer,Kusamba , Agarwal &Greenbaum , 2021Hemidactylus granchii Lanza, 1978 – Granchi's leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus graniticolus Agarwal, Giri & Bauer, 2011 [ 10] Hemidactylus granosus Heyden , 1827Hemidactylus granti Boulenger, 1899 – Grant's leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus greeffii Bocage, 1886 –Greeff's gecko,[ 11] [ 12] Hemidactylus gujaratensis Giri, Bauer,Vyas &S. Patil , 2009 – Gujarat geckoHemidactylus hajarensis Carranza & Arnold, 2012 Hemidactylus hegdei Pal & Mirza, 2022 Hemidactylus hemchandrai Dandge &Tiple , 2015Hemidactylus homoeolepis Blanford , 1881Hemidactylus hunae Deraniyagala , 1937Hemidactylus imbricatus Bauer et al., 2008 – carrot-tailed viper geckoHemidactylus inexpectatus Carranza & Arnold, 2012 Hemidactylus inintellectus Sindaco, Ziliani, Razzetti,Pupin ,Grieco , 2009 – Socotran rock geckoHemidactylus isolepis Boulenger, 1895 – scaly leaf-toed gecko, uniform-scaled geckoHemidactylus ituriensis Schmidt , 1919Hemidactylus jubensis Boulenger, 1895 – Ethiopian gecko, Mrioen leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus jumailiae Busais & Joger, 2011 Hemidactylus kamdemtohami Bauer & Pauwels, 2002 – Kamdem Toham's geckoHemidactylus kangerensis Mirza,Bhosale &R. Patil , 2017 Hemidactylus karenorum (Theobald , 1868) – Burmese spotted gecko, Burmese leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus kimbulae Amarasinghe ,Karunarathna ,P. Campbell ,Madawala &de Silva , 2021Hemidactylus klauberi Scortecci , 1948Hemidactylus kolliensis Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar, 2019 – Kolli rock geckoHemidactylus kundaensis Chirio & J.-F. Trape, 2012Hemidactylus kushmorensis Murray, 1884 – Kushmore house geckoHemidactylus kyaboboensis Wagner, Leaché & Fujita, 2014 Hemidactylus laevis Boulenger, 1901 – common leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus lamaensis Ullenbruch ,Grell & Böhme, 2010Hemidactylus lankae Deraniyagala, 1953 – termite hill gecko, Sri Lankan leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus lanzai Šmíd et al., 2020 Hemidactylus laticaudatus L.G. Andersson , 1910Hemidactylus lavadeserticus Moravec & Bohme, 1997 – Syrian house geckoHemidactylus lemurinus Arnold, 1980 – Dhofar leaf-toed gecko, Oman ghost leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus leschenaultii A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836 – Leschenault's leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus longicephalus Bocage, 1873 Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi Arnold,Vasconcelos ,Harris ,Mateo & Carranza, 2008 (formerly inH. bouvieri )Hemidactylus luqueorum Carranza & Arnold, 2012 Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès , 1818) – tropical house gecko, Afro-American house gecko, cosmopolitan house geckoHemidactylus macropholis Boulenger, 1896 – Boulenger’s gecko, large-scaled leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus maculatus A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836 – spotted leaf-toed gecko, giant spotted geckoHemidactylus mahonyi Adhikari ,Achyuthan , Kumar,Khot ,Shreeram &Ganesh , 2022Hemidactylus makolowodei Bauer,LeBreton , Chirio,Ineich &Talla Kouete , 2006 Hemidactylus malcolmsmithi (Constable , 1949) – Malcolm's bow-fingered gecko,[ 11] Hemidactylus mandebensis Šmíd et al., 2014 Hemidactylus masirahensis Carranza & Arnold, 2012 Hemidactylus matschiei (Tornier , 1901) – Togo leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus megalops Parker, 1932 – Parker's leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus mercatorius Gray, 1842 Hemidactylus mindiae S. Baha El Din, 2005 – Mount Sinai geckoHemidactylus minutus Vasconcelos & Carranza, 2014 Hemidactylus modestus (Günther , 1894) – moderate leaf-toed gecko, Tana River geckoHemidactylus montanus Busais & Joger, 2011 – mountain leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus mrimaensis Malonza & Bauer, 2014Hemidactylus muriceus W. Peters , 1870Hemidactylus murrayi Gleadow , 1887Hemidactylus multisulcatus Hemidactylus newtoni Ferreira , 1897Hemidactylus nicolauensis Vasconcelos,G. Köhler ,Geniez &Crochet , 2020 Hemidactylus nzingae Ceríaco et al., 2020 – Queen Nzinga’s tropical geckoHemidactylus ophiolepis Boulenger, 1903 – snake-scaled leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus ophiolepoides Lanza, 1978 – Lanza's leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus oxyrhinus Boulenger, 1899 – sharp-nosed leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus paaragowli Srikanthan ,Swamy ,Mohan & Pal, 2018Hemidactylus paivae Ceríaco et al., 2020 – Paiva’s geckoHemidactylus pakkamalaiensis Narayanan,Christopher ,Raman ,Mukherjee ,Prabhu ,Lenin ,Vimalraj & Deepak, 2023 Hemidactylus palaichthus Kluge , 1969Hemidactylus parvimaculatus Deraniyagala, 1953 – spotted house geckoHemidactylus paucifasciatus Mohapatra , Agarwal,Mohalik ,Dutta & Khandekar, 2023Hemidactylus pauciporosus Lanza, 1978 Hemidactylus paucituberculatus Carranza & Arnold, 2012 Hemidactylus persicus J. Anderson , 1872Hemidactylus pfindaensis Lobón-Rovira, Conradie, Iglesias, R. Ernst, L. Veríssimo, Baptista & Pinto, 2021 Hemidactylus pieresii Kelaart , 1852Hemidactylus platycephalus W. Peters, 1854 – tree gecko, flat-headed leaf-toed gecko, baobab geckoHemidactylus platyurus (Schneider , 1792) – flat-tailed house gecko, frilled house gecko, Asian house geckoHemidactylus porbandarensis Sharma , 1981Hemidactylus prashadi M.A. Smith , 1935Hemidactylus principensis Miller ,Sellas &Drewes , 2012Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus Henle & Böhme, 2003[ 13] Hemidactylus pseudoromeshkanicus Torki, 2019 Hemidactylus puccionii Calabresi, 1927 – Zanzibar leaf-toed gecko, Somali plain geckoHemidactylus pumilio Boulenger, 1899 – pygmy leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus quartziticolus Khandekar,Thackeray ,Mariappan ,Gangalmale ,Waghe ,Pawar & Agarwal, 2023 Hemidactylus raya Kumar, A. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu, 2022 Hemidactylus reticulatus Beddome , 1870Hemidactylus richardsonii Gray, 1845 – Richardson's leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus rishivalleyensis Agarwal, Thackeray & Khandekar, 2020 – Rishi Valley rock geckoHemidactylus robustus Heyden, 1827 – Heyden's geckoHemidactylus romeshkanicus Torki, 2011 Hemidactylus ruspolii Boulenger, 1896 – farm leaf-toed gecko, Ruspoli's gecko, turnip-tailed black and yellow geckoHemidactylus saba Busais & Joger, 2011 Hemidactylus sahgali Mirza,Gowande , R. Patil,Ambekar &Patel , 2018 – Sahgal’s termite hill geckoHemidactylus sankariensis Agarwal, Bauer, Giri & Khandekar, 2019 – Sankari brookiish geckoHemidactylus sassanidianus Torki, 2019 Hemidactylus sataraensis Giri & Bauer, 2008 – Satara geckoHemidactylus saxicolus Kumar, A. Srinivasulu & C. Srinivasulu, 2022 Hemidactylus scabriceps (Annandale , 1906) – scaly geckoHemidactylus shihraensis Busais & Joger, 2011 Hemidactylus sinaitus Boulenger, 1885 – Red Sea gecko, Sinai leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus sirumalaiensis Khandekar, Thackeray, Pawar & Agarwal, 2020 Hemidactylus siva C. Srinivasulu, A. Srinivasulu & Kumar, 2018 – Hampi rock geckoHemidactylus smithi Boulenger, 1895 – Smith's leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus somalicus Parker, 1932 – Northern Somali leaf-toed geckoHemidactylus squamulatus Tornier, 1896 – Tornier's leaf-toed gecko, Nyika geckoHemidactylus srikanthani Adhikari, Achyuthan, Kumar, Khot, Shreeram & Ganesh, 2022 Hemidactylus stejnegeri Ota &Hikida , 1989Hemidactylus subtriedrus Jerdon , 1854Hemidactylus sushilduttai Giri, Bauer, Mohapatra, C. Srinivasulu & Agarwal, 2017 – Dutta Mahendragiri geckoHemidactylus tamhiniensis Khandekar, Thackeray & Agarwal, 2021 – Tamhini giant rock gecko, basalt giant rock geckoHemidactylus tanganicus Loveridge, 1929 – Tanzanian leaf-toed gecko, Tanzanian diamond gecko, Dutumi geckoHemidactylus tasmani Hewitt , 1932Hemidactylus taylori Parker, 1932 Hemidactylus tenkatei Lidth de Jeude , 1895Hemidactylus thayene McMahan & Zug, 2007 Hemidactylus treutleri Mahony , 2009Hemidactylus triedrus (Daudin , 1802) – termite hill gecko, Dakota's leaf-toed gecko, blotched house geckoHemidactylus tropidolepis Mocquard, 1888 – Mocquard's leaf-toed gecko, Ogaden geckoHemidactylus turcicus Linnaeus , 1758Hemidactylus ulii Šmíd, Moravec, Kratochvil, Gvozdik,Nasher , Busais, Wilms, Shobrak & Carranza, 2013 Hemidactylus vanam Chaitanya , Lajmi & Giri, 2018Hemidactylus varadgirii Chaitanya, Agarwal, Lajmi & Khandekar, 2019 – Giri’s brookiish gecko, Amboli brookiish geckoHemidactylus vernayi Ceríaco, Agarwal,Marques & Bauer, 2020 – Vernay’s tropical geckoHemidactylus vietnamensis Darevsky ,Kupriyanova &Roshchin , 1984Hemidactylus vijayraghavani Mirza, 2018 Hemidactylus whitakeri Mirza, Gowande, R. Patil, Ambekar & Patel, 2018 – Whitaker’s termite hill geckoHemidactylus xericolus Lajmi, Giri, Singh & Agarwal, 2020 – Nalgonda yellow-tailed brookiish geckoHemidactylus yajurvedi Murthy , Bauer, Lajmi, Agarwal & Giri, 2015Hemidactylus yerburyi J. Anderson, 1895 – Yerbury’s gecko, Yerburi’s leaf-toed geckoThe following phylogeny is from Pyron,et al. (2013),[ 14] Hemidactylus species.Hemidactylus is asister group ofCyrtodactylus [ 14]
^ "Hemidactylus ".Dahms Tierleben . www.dahmstierleben.de ^a b c Lizards of the World (2004)."Hemidactylus" . Archived fromthe original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved4 April 2009 . ^ Uetz, Peter , ed. (2021) [1995]."Higher Taxa in Extant Reptiles" .The Reptile Database . Zoological Museum Hamburg. Retrieved10 December 2022 .^ Savage, Melissa (2001)."Hemidactylus " .Animal Diversity Web . University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved10 December 2022 . ^ GenusHemidactylus The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org. Accessed September 2023. ^ Uetz, Peter, ed. (2023) [1995]."Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818)" .The Reptile Database . Zoology Museum Hamburg. Retrieved8 March 2024 . ^ "House Geckos" .^a b Boulenger, G.A. (1890).The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma . Reptilia and BatrachiaHemidactylus , p. 82).Fulltext at theInternet Archive ^ Nirody, J. A.; Jinn, J.; Libby, T.; Lee, T. J.; Jusufi, A.; Hu, D. L.; Full, R. J. (2018)."Geckos Race Across the Water's Surface Using Multiple Mechanisms" .Current Biology .28 (24): 4046–4051.e2.Bibcode :2018CBio...28E4046N .doi :10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.064 PMID 30528580 . ^ Angarwal I ,Giri VB ,Bauer AM (2011). "A new cryptic rock-dwellingHemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from south India".Zootaxa 2765 : 21–37. (Hemidactylus graniticolus , new species).^a b Beolens, Bo ;Watkins, Michael ; Grayson, Michael (2011).The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5 Hemidactylus greeffii , p. 107;Cyrtodactylus malcolmsmithi , p. 247).^ SpeciesHemidactylus greeffii The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org. ^ Henle K ,Böhme W (2003)."A new species ofHemidactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from West Africa, and comments on species hitherto confused withH. muriceus ".African Journal of Herpetology 52 (1) 23–38. (Hemidactylus pseudomuriceus , new species).^a b Pyron, R. Alexander ;Burbrink, Frank T. ;Wiens, John J. (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes".BMC Evolutionary Biology 13 (1): 93. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-93
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
