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Help:Multilingual support

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
You may needrendering support to display thespecial characters in this page correctly.
Rendering support for the alphabets of various languages
For help for visitors to the English-language Wikipedia, seeWikipedia:Local embassy.
This help page is ahow-to guide.
It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one ofWikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels ofconsensus.

Articles on the English Wikipedia may contain words or texts written in different languages and scripts. To be able to correctly view and edit these articles requires that you have the appropriatefonts installed and to have correctly configured youroperating system andbrowser. This guide will help you to do so.

Overview

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Unicode

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Shortcut

Articles on Wikipedia are encoded usingUnicode (specificallyUTF-8)[a], anindustry standard designed to allowtext and symbols from all of thewriting systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated bycomputers. Because UTF-8 isbackward compatible withASCII, and most modern browsers have at least basic Unicode support, most users will experience little difficulty reading and editing most of Wikipedia.

Font

[edit]
Main article:Unicode font

Most computers withMicrosoft Windows,Apple'smacOS and manyLinux variants will already have fonts with support for Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and theInternational Phonetic Alphabet installed. Many mobile devices, such as the iPhone and iPad also include such fonts. Several historic and accented characters (used in the transliteration of foreign scripts) may be missing, though.

Microsoft fonts

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FontIncluded withScriptsDescription
Western, Japanese,Hangul,Johab,Big5,GB 2312, Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Turkish, Baltic, Central European, Celtic, Cyrillic, Thai, Lao, Tibetan, Oriya, Bengali, Devanagari, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, and VietnameseSupports a wide number of scripts, but is of a slightly lower quality than Arial because it lacks kerning and is not smoothed. Contains a minor bug that causes double-wide diacritics to be placed on the wrong characters.
Western, Hebrew, Greek, Turkish, Baltic, Central European, and CyrillicHas a much smaller character repertoire than that of Arial Unicode MS, but is more legible.
Western, Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Turkish, Baltic, Central European, Celtic, Cyrillic, Thai, and VietnameseHas a much smaller character repertoire than that of Arial Unicode MS, but is more legible, especially (according to Meta) in terms of Arabic and Persian characters.
Western, Hebrew, Arabic, Greek, Turkish, Celtic, Baltic, Central European, Cyrillic, Thai, and VietnameseHas better support for historical and accented Latin characters.

Other available Unicode fonts

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Bolded fonts are recommended.

FontTypefaceLicenseFormatEncoding
AboriginalSans-serif,SerifFreewareOpenTypeUnicode 5.2
CatrinitySans-serifFreewareOpenTypeUnicode 16.0
Charis SILSerifOpen SourceOpenType,GraphiteUnicode 7.0
Code2002Archived December 15, 2010, at theWayback MachineFreeware (must not be altered)TrueTypeUnicode, plane 2
Code2001 0.919Archived September 27, 2007, at theWayback MachineFreeware (must not be altered)TrueTypeUnicode, plane 1
Code2000 1.171Archived September 27, 2007, at theWayback MachineSerifShareware (unrestricted)TrueTypeUnicode, plane 0
DejaVuSans-serif,Sans-mono, SerifOpen SourceOpenTypeUnicode
Doulos SILSerifOpen SourceOpenType, GraphiteUnicode 7.0
Everson Mono 3.2b4Sans-monoSharewareTrueTypeUnicode
Fonts for Ancient Scripts (Greek, Egyptian, cuneiform...)VaryingNo license, but may be used for any purposeTrueTypeUnicode
Google Noto (Project to support all Unicode scripts)Sans-serif, SerifOpen SourceOpenTypeUnicode
Hanazono (80,000+ Chinese characters supported)Ming (comparable to serifed typefaces)Freeware (unrestricted)TrueTypeUnicode
Kurinto Font Folio (Project to support all human languages)21 typefaces with variantsOpen Source (OFL)TrueTypeUnicode 12.1
TITUS Cyberbit BasicSerifNon-commercialTrueType, but requires Windows to installUnicode 4.0
QuiviraSerifFreewareOpenTypeUnicode 7.0
GNU UnifontMonoFreeware (GPL)TrueTypeUnicode 16.0

Browsers

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Internet Explorer
supports Latin (however not all extended sets), Greek, Cyrillic, Arabic, and Hebrew. Support for East Asian and some Indic scripts is available if support for this has been installed for Windows. As Internet Explorer will only use the default font for other scripts, those are usually not supported (unless the default font does).
Firefox
tries to render any character using all the fonts available on the system so multilingual support is generally good. The default rendering engine can support complex script rendering. Some Linux distributions ship with aPango-based rendering engine which also does, although this may currently cause some display glitches with justified text.
Opera
tries to render any character using all the fonts available on the system so multilingual support is also good.[5] Opera uses the operating system to perform contextual glyph selection, ligature forming, character stacking, combining character support and other character shaping tasks.[6]
Chrome
does not directly support several languages of South and Southeast Asian countries, but otherwise renders sometofu signs, due to its problem of font fallback mechanism, you may need theAdvanced Font Settings extension to optimize. Renders Devanagari (used for Hindi), Bengali, Sinhala, Gurmukhi, and Tibetan scripts in the examples below, but not some of languages of Southeast Asian countries.

Scripts

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Adlam

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Adlam is a right-to-left alphabetic script devised by the brothers Ibrahima and Abdoulaye Barry, in order to represent theFula language (Fulani). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𞤀𞤣𞤤𞤢𞤥

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on theFula Wikipedia.

Aegean numerals

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Aegean numerals were used by theMinoan andMycenaean civilizations. They are supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐄢𐄡𐄗𐄌

Ahom

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Ahom script is a script used to write theAhom language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑜇𑜞

Ancient South Arabian

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Ancient South Arabian script (Old South Arabian) was used to write theMinean,Sabaean,Qatabanian,Hadramite, andHimyaritic languages ofYemen from the 8th century BCE to the 6th century CE. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐩠𐩭𐩵𐩼𐩥

Armenian

[edit]
Armenian edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheArmenian alphabet is only used to write theArmenian language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
Հայաստան

Avestan

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TheAvestan alphabet is used to write theAvestan language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬔𐬁

Balinese

[edit]
Balinese edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheBalinese script is used to write theBalinese language. The script is encoded inblock "Balinese", code points 1B00–1B7F (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering
Your browser/device᭚ᬲ᭄ᬯᬲ᭄ᬢᬶ​ᬧ᭄ᬭᬧ᭄ᬢᬶ​ᬭᬶᬂ​ᬯᬶᬓᬶᬧᬾᬤᬶᬳ​ᬩᬲ​ᬩᬮᬶ᭟
TransliterationSwasti Prapti ring Wikipédia Basa Bali

Bamum

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Bamum is a series of scripts devised for theBamum language byKing Njoya ofCameroon between 1896 and 1918. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ꚩꚫꛑꚩꚳ ꛆꚧꛂ

Bassa Vah

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Bassa Vah, also known as simply vah ('throwing a sign' inBassa) is an alphabetic script for writing the Bassa language ofLiberia that was invented by Thomas Flo Lewis. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𖫧

Batak

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TheBatak alphabet is used to write theBatak languages. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ᯀᯂ᯲ᯘᯒaksara

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not in wide use on theToba Batak test wiki at the Wikimedia Incubator (apart from a few images on the Main Page).

Baybayin / Old Tagalog

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Baybayin (also known as theTagalog script inUnicode and sometimes mistakenly referred to asAlibata) is a Brahmic writing system used for several Philippine languages before and early into the Spanish conquest. It is related to other Brahmic scripts currently in use in the Philippines. It is supported by the following fonts:

  • Kurinto Font Folio (9 typefaces that have "Aux" variant fonts)
  • Noto Sans Tagalog, a font made by Google
  • Paul Morrow's Baybayin Fonts. Offers the most extensive list of Baybayin fonts for Windows and Macintosh operating systems
  • Quivira is a proportional serif font that produces very readable text. Supports several scripts, among them the Baybayin script
Correct rendering
Your browser/deviceᜀᜅ᜔ ᜊᜏᜆ᜔ ᜆᜂ ᜀᜌ᜔ ᜁᜐᜒᜈᜒᜎᜅ᜔ ᜈ ᜋᜌ᜔ ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜈ᜔,
ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜉᜈ᜔ᜆᜌ᜔ ᜐ ᜇᜒᜄ᜔ᜈᜒᜇᜇ᜔,
ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜃᜇᜉᜆᜈ᜔ ᜀᜅ᜔ ᜆᜂ ᜀᜌ᜔ ᜊᜒᜈᜒᜌᜌᜀᜈ᜔ ᜅ᜔ ᜉᜄᜒᜁᜐᜒᜉ᜔,
ᜀᜆ᜔ ᜃᜇᜓᜈᜓᜅᜈ᜔ ᜈ ᜃᜁᜎᜅᜅ᜔ ᜋᜄ᜔ᜃᜁᜐ ᜐ ᜃᜉᜆᜒᜇᜈ᜔
TransliterationAng bawat tao ay isinilang na may karapatan, at pantay sa dignidad, at karapatan ang tao ay biniyayaan ng pag-iisip, at karapatan na kailangang magkaisa sa kapatiran.

Bhaiksuki

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TheBhaiksuki script was historically used to write Buddhist literature inSanskrit. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑰥𑰹𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰎𑰱

Brahmi

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TheBrahmi script is one of the oldest writing systems used inAncient India and presentSouth andCentral Asia from the 1st millennium BCE. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀧𑀺𑀬𑁂𑀦

Note: The Brahmi script should not be confused with the family ofBrahmic scripts.

Buhid

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TheBuhid script is used to write theBuhid language. It is supported to varying extents by the following fonts:

  • Kurinto Font Folio (11 typefaces that have "Main" variant fonts)
  • Noto Sans Buhid, a font made by Google
  • QuiviraNOT RECOMMENDED FOR BUHID: It contains basic Buhid letters but not the ligatures required to correctly render many Buhid syllables
  • Code2000NOT RECOMMENDED FOR BUHID: It contains basic Buhid letters but not the ligatures required to correctly render many Buhid syllables
Correct renderingYour browser/deviceSample syllables
ᝃᝒᝎᝒᝐᝓᝈᝓᝆkilisunuta

Burmese

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Main page:Help:Multilingual support (Burmese)
Burmese edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheBurmese alphabet is used to write theBurmese language. The script is encoded in block "Myanmar", code points 1000-109F (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ဃ + ြ → ဃြ

Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics

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Cree edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Inuktitut edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Canadian Aboriginal syllabics are anabugida used to write a number ofFirst Nations languages in Canada, includingCree,Ojibwe,Naskapi,Inuktitut,Blackfoot,Sayisi, andCarrier. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on theAtikamekw Wikipedia, plusOjibwe andBlackfoot test wikis at the Wikimedia Incubator.

Chakma

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TheChakma script is used to write theChakma language, and recently for thePali language.

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 𑄃𑄧𑄏𑄛𑄖𑄴

Cham

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TheCham alphabet is used to write theCham language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on theEastern Cham andWestern Cham test wikis at the Wikimedia Incubator.

Caucasian Albanian

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TheCaucasian Albanian script was an alphabetic writing system used by theCaucasian Albanians, one of the ancient Northeast Caucasian peoples whose territory comprised parts of present-dayAzerbaijan andDagestan. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐔰

Cherokee

[edit]
Cherokee edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheCherokee syllabary, used to write theCherokee language, is supported by the following fonts:

Lowercase Cherokee letters were added to Unicode version 8.0 in June, 2015. Font support for lowercase Cherokee is not yet widespread. Those fonts that do support lowercase are:

Cherokee uppercase letters:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ

Cherokee lowercase letters:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
Ꮳꮃꭹ Ꭶꮼꮒꭿꮝꮧ

Coptic

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TheCoptic alphabet is used to write theCoptic language, which was used in Egypt before Arabic. It is currently used solely as aliturgical language, and is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ⲙⲛⲧⲣⲙⲛⲕⲏⲙⲉ

Cuneiform

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Thecuneiform script was primarily used to writeAkkadian (including Assyrian and Babylonian) andSumerian. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𒅎𒀝𒂵𒌈

Deseret

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TheDeseret alphabet is an alternative alphabet for writing the English language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐈𐑊𐑁𐐰𐐺𐐯𐐻

Dives Akuru

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Dives Akuru is a script that was historically used to write theMaldivian language. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑤞𑤱𑤩𑤵𑤭𑤱 𑤀𑤌𑤳𑤧𑤳

Duployan Shorthand

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TheDuployan shorthand, or Duployan stenography (French:Sténographie Duployé), was created by FatherÉmile Duployé in 1860 for writingFrench. Historically, it was used for writing theChinook Jargon language. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𛰚

East Asian

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Main page:Help:Multilingual support (East Asian)
ScriptCorrect renderingYour browser/device
Traditional Chinese人人生來自由,
在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。
他們有理性和良心,
請以手足關係的精神相對待。
Simplified Chinese人人生来自由,
在尊严和权利上一律平等。
他们有理性和良心,
请以手足关系的精神相对待。
Japaneseすべての人間は、生まれながらにして自由であり、
かつ、尊厳と権利と について平等である。
人間は、理性と良心とを授けられており、
互いに同胞の精神をもって行動しなければならない。
Korean모든 인간은 태어날 때부터
자유로우며 그 존엄과 권리에
있어 동등하다. 인간은 천부적으로
이성과 양심을 부여받았으며 서로
형제애의 정신으로 행동하여야 한다.

Several Wikipedias use these scripts, includingChinese,Classical Chinese,Cantonese (Yue),Gan,Japanese, andKorean. They are not used (widely) in theMin Nan,Zhuang, orVietnamese Wikipedias, even though the scripts are sometimes used in those languages, as well.

Hentaigana

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Hentaigana are obsolete or nonstandardhiragana used occasionally on signage inJapan. They are supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𛂛

Egyptian hieroglyphs

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Egyptian hieroglyphs are supported by the following fonts:

Glyph stacking and formatting is accomplished viaEgyptian Hieroglyph Format Controls, which were added to version 12 of theUnicode standard in March 2019. However the fonts above do not yet support this feature.

Correct renderingYour browser/device
it
n
ra
G25x
n
𓇋𓏏𓐰𓈖𓐰𓇳𓅜𓐍𓐰𓈖

See alsoHelp:WikiHiero syntax.

Elbasan

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TheElbasan script is a mid 18th-century alphabetic script used for theAlbanian language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐔀

Ethiopic

[edit]
Main page:Help:Multilingual support (Ethiopic)
Amharic edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tigrinya edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheEthiopic syllabary is used in centraleast Africa forAmharic,Bilen,Tigre,Tigrinya, and other languages. It evolved from the script for classicalGe'ez, which is now strictly aliturgical language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ኢትዮጵያ

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on theOromo Wikipedia.

Gothic

[edit]
Gothic edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheGothic alphabet, which is used to write theGothic language, is supported by the following fonts:

See also:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺

Grantha

[edit]

TheGrantha script, used inTamil Nadu andKerala to writeSanskrit, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥

Gunjala Gondi

[edit]

TheGunjala Gondi script is used to write theGondi language. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑵶𑶍𑶕𑶀𑵵𑶊 𑵶𑶓𑶕𑶂𑶋
𑵵𑶋𑶅𑶋

Hanunó'o

[edit]

Hanunó'o script is used to write theHanunó'o language. It is supported to varying extents by the following fonts:

After downloading and installing one or more of the fonts above, reload this page as a check. For example, the GNU FreeSans font might not render the characters in the following table correctly on your device and browser, whilst the Noto Sans Hanunoo font might.

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceSample syllables
ᜥᜥᜲᜥᜳnga ngi ngu

Imperial Aramaic

[edit]

Theancient Aramaic alphabet was adapted byArameans from thePhoenician alphabet and became a distinct script by the 8th century BC. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐡀

Indic

[edit]
Main page:Help:Multilingual support (Indic)

The following table compares how a correctly enabled computer would render the following scripts with howyour computer renders them:

ScriptCorrect renderingYour browser/deviceHelp page
Bengali–Assameseক + িকিWikipedia:Bangla script display help
Devanāgarīक + िकिTemplate:Devfonthelp
Gujaratiક + િકિ
Gurmukhīਕ + ਿਕਿ
Kannadaಕ + ಿಕಿ
Malayalamക + െകെ
Odiaକ + େକେ
Sinhalaඵ + ේඵේ
Tibetanར + ྐ + ྱརྐྱ
Tamilக + ேகே
Teluguయ + ీయీ

These scripts are used in a great many Wikipedias, including the ones forAssamese,Bengali,Bhojpuri,Bishnupriya Manipuri,Central Tibetan,Dzongkha,Gujarati,Kannada,Kashmiri,Goan Konkani,Maithili,Malayalam,Marathi,Nepali,Newar,Odia,Pali,Eastern Punjabi,Sanskrit,Sinhalese,Tamil,Telugu, andTulu.

They are also used in the Wikimedia Incubator test wikis forAngika,Awadhi,Badaga,Bodo,Chhattisgarhi,Haryanvi,Kanikkaran,Kutchi,Rajasthani,Saurashtra, andTamang.

Inscriptional Parthian

[edit]

Inscriptional Parthian was used for writing theParthian language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐭀𐭅𐭎 𐭔𐭅𐭂𐭅𐭍 𐭋𐭍

Javanese

[edit]
Javanese edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheJavanese script is used to write theJavanese language. It is supported by Unicode 5.2 and above. The script is a so-calledSIL Graphite-script, and is best supported by Firefox. As of recently, however, it can be rendered by the OpenType and TrueType standards, provided the right font is used. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct rendering
Your browser/device꧋ꦱꦸꦒꦼꦁꦫꦮꦸꦃꦮꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦗꦮꦶ꧉
TransliterationSugeng Rawuh Wènten ing Wikipédia Jawi

Kaithi

[edit]

Kaithi, also called "Kayathi" or "Kayasthi", is a historical script used widely in parts ofNorth India. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑂍𑂶𑂟𑂲

Kaktovik numerals

[edit]

TheKaktovik numerals are abase-20 system ofnumerical digits created by AlaskanIñupiat. They are supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𝋄𝋈𝋌

Kawi

[edit]

TheKawi script was used primarily in Java and across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century.

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑼒𑼮𑼶

Kharosthi

[edit]

Kharosthi, also spelledKharoshthi orKharoṣṭhī, is an ancient script used inancient Gandhara andancient India.It is supported by the following fonts:

  • Noto Sans Kharosthi NOT RECOMMENDED FOR KHAROSTHI: Even though it's a font made by Google, it doesn't render many necessary conjunctions, but Segoe UI does. It also has misplaced vowel marks.
  • Segoe UI Historic (Microsoft Windows font, available in Windows 10 and later)
Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐨤𐨪𐨌𐨪𐨿𐨗𐨸𐨅𐨌𐨏

Khudabadi

[edit]

Khudabadi, also spelledKhudawadi, orSindhi, is a script used to writeSindhi Language.It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
𑋝𑋡𑋟𑋟𑋐𑋢Sindhi

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on theSindhi Wikipedia.

Klingon

[edit]

TheKlingon script is used to write theKlingon language, an artistic language of theStar Trek franchise. The script is not encoded inUnicode but a range of code points defined in theConScript Unicode Registry (CSUR) is in common use. The following fonts support these CSUR code points:


Correct renderingYour browser/device


Lanna

[edit]

TheTai Tham script, also known as the Lanna script, is used to write theNorthern Thai language, thePali language and others. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫᨵᩢᨾ᩠ᨾ᩼

Lepcha

[edit]

TheLepcha script is used to writeLepcha, a language spoken by 66,500 people in northernNepal. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ᰛᰩᰵᰛᰧᰵᰶ

Limbu

[edit]

TheLimbu alphabet, used to write theLimbu language, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ

Linear A

[edit]

The undecipheredLinear A script was used inancient Greece. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐘀  𐘏  𐘞  𐘮  𐘽  𐙌

Linear B

[edit]

TheLinear B script was used for writingMycenaean Greek, the earliest attested form of theGreek language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐁂𐀐𐀷

Lisu (Fraser alphabet)

[edit]

TheFraser alphabet is used only to write theLisu language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ꓛꓬꓹ ꓡꓯꓺ ꓡꓯꓺ

Lontara

[edit]
Buginese edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheLontara script is used to writeBuginese,Makassarese, andMandar. The script is encoded inblock "Buginese", code points 1A00–1A1F (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗBasa Ugi

Makasar

[edit]

TheMakasar script, also known asUkiri' Jangang-jangang (bird's script) orOld Makasar script, is a historical Indonesianwriting system that was used inSouth Sulawesi to write theMakassarese language between the 17th and 19th centuries until it was supplanted by theLontara Bugis script. It is supported by the following font:

Noto Serif Makasar, a font made by Google

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
𑻪𑻢𑻪𑻢Jangang-jangang

Mandaic

[edit]

TheMandaic alphabet, used to write theMandaic language andNeo-Mandaic, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ࡀࡁࡀࡂࡀ

Marchen

[edit]

TheMarchen script, is used to write theZhang-Zhung language, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑲁𑲠𑱹𑲚

Masaram Gondi

[edit]

Masaram Gondi is a Brahmi-based script devised by Munshi Mangal Singh Masaram in 1918. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑴤𑴫𑴦𑴱𑴤 𑴎𑴽𑵀𑴘𑴳

Meitei

[edit]
Manipuri edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheMeitei script, used to write theMeetei language, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ

Modi

[edit]

TheModi script, used to write theMarathi andSanskrit languages, is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑘀

Mongolian

[edit]

TheMongolian script is occasionally used to write theMongolian language on the Internet, thoughCyrillic is more common. It is also used to write theManchu language andXibe language. It is written from top to bottom in columns ordered from left to right. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠌

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being generally used on theMongolian Wikipedia (which uses Cyrillic in general).

Nag Mundari

[edit]

Mundari Bani, also known as Nag Mundari, is a writing system used for theMundari language, a Munda language spoken in eastern India. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𞓧𞓟𞓨𞓜𞓕𞓣𞓚

Newa

[edit]

ThePracalit script is a native Nepalese writing system. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐔𑐮𑐶𑐟 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮

New Tai Lue

[edit]

New Tai Lue script, also known as Simplified Tai Lue, is used to write theTai Lue language (Tai Lü).It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ᦟᦲᧅᦷᦎᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ

Nüshu

[edit]

Nüshu is a syllabic script derived from Chinese characters that was used exclusively among women inJiangyong County inHunan province of southernChina. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𛆁𛈬𛆁𛈬

Note: In this image, the Nüshu characters are written right-to-left.

Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong

[edit]

Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong is an alphabet script devised forWhite Hmong and Green Hmong in the 1980s by Reverend Chervang Kong for use within his United Christians Liberty Evangelical Church. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𞄀𞄩𞄰𞄁𞄦𞄱𞄂𞄤𞄳𞄬𞄃𞄥𞄳

Ogham

[edit]

TheOgham alphabet was used to write theOld Irish language from the 1st to 9th century AD. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
᚛ᚓᚅᚐᚁᚐᚏᚏ᚜

Ol Chiki

[edit]
Santali edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheOl Chiki script script was created in 1925 byRaghunath Murmu for theSantali language.It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱠᱤOl Chiki

Old Hungarian (Hungarian Runes)

[edit]

TheOld Hungarian script is an historic script used to write theHungarian language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
𐲥𐲋𐲓𐲉𐲗-𐲘𐲀𐲎𐲀𐲢 𐲢𐲛𐲮𐲁𐲤SZÉKELY-MAGYAR ROVÁS

Old Permic

[edit]

TheOld Permic script was used to write the medievalKomi language. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐍑

Old Persian cuneiform

[edit]

TheOld Persian cuneiform script was used to write theOld Persian language. The script is encoded inblock "Old Persian", code points 103A0–103DF (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹Kambujiya (Cambyses II)

Osage

[edit]

TheOsage alphabet is used to writeOsage, a Native American language spoken inOklahoma. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐓏𐒰.𐓓𐒰.𐓓𐒷 𐒻.𐒷

Pahawh Hmong

[edit]

Pahawh Hmong alphabet is a semi-syllabary, invented in 1959 byShong Lue Yang, to write theHmong language (White Hmong and Green Hmong). The script is encoded in block "Pahawh Hmong", code points16B00-16B8F. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𖬌𖬣𖬵 𖬓𖬤 𖬇𖬰𖬧𖬵 𖬀𖬶 𖬖𖬲𖬝 𖬁𖬲𖬬 𖬒𖬰𖬮𖬵 𖬖𖬲𖬤𖬵 𖬇𖬰𖬮𖬰 𖬆𖬞.

Phaistos Disc

[edit]

ThePhaistos disc is an artifact discovered on the island ofCrete which contains as-yet undeciphered symbols. These symbols are supported by the following fonts:


Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐇑𐇛𐇪𐇝𐇯𐇡𐇪

Pollard

[edit]

ThePollard (Miao) script is an abugida loosely based on the Latin alphabet and invented by Methodist missionary Sam Pollard. These symbols are supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
𖼃Pla

Psalter Pahlavi

[edit]

Psalter Pahlavi was used for writingMiddle Persian on paper. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐮁𐮃𐮉 𐮆𐮈 𐮌𐮐𐮈𐮈𐮋𐮈 𐮁𐮅𐮅𐮏𐮊𐮈 𐮁𐮅𐮄 𐮆𐮈 𐮌𐮈𐮐𐮈𐮃𐮏
𐮋𐮀𐮊𐮈𐮃𐮈 𐮆𐮈 𐮂𐮌𐮀𐮊𐮈 𐮆𐮈 𐮋𐮌 𐮉𐮌𐮈𐮐𐮈 𐮆𐮈 𐮇𐮊𐮈𐮃𐮈 𐮋𐮌𐮅
𐮎𐮅𐮌 𐮀𐮐𐮋𐮀𐮌𐮏 𐮊𐮀 𐮫 𐮀𐮎𐮅𐮈𐮃𐮂𐮊 𐮎𐮅𐮌
𐮅𐮊 𐮉𐮌𐮐𐮈𐮈 𐮆𐮈𐮋 𐮇𐮅 𐮀𐮋𐮅𐮉

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on theMiddle Persian test wiki at the Wikimedia Incubator.

Rejang

[edit]

TheRejang script is anabugida of theBrahmic family that is related to other scripts of the region, such as theBatak andLontara scripts. Rejang is also a member of the closely related group ofUlu scripts that include the script variants of South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lembak, Lintang, Lebong, and Serawai. Other closely related scripts that are sometimes included in the Surat Ulu group include the Ogan, Kerinci, andLampung scripts. It is supported by the following font:

Noto Sans Rejang, a font made by GoogleEverson Mono

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ꤰꤱꤲKaganga

Rohingya

[edit]

The Rohingya alphabet, used to write theRohingya language, is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝

Runes

[edit]

Runes are supported by the following fonts:

ScriptCorrect renderingYour browser/device
Elder Futhark (2nd to 8th centuries)ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲ
Anglo-Saxon runes (5th to 11th centuries)ᚠᚢᚦᚩᚱᚳ
Medieval runes (12th to 15th centuries)ᚠᚢᚧᛆᚱᚴ

Sharada

[edit]

TheSharada script is a Brahmic script that is almost extinct. It is used (rarely) to write theKashmiri language andSanskrit. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
𑆑𑆾𑆯𑆶𑆫Koshur

Note: As of August 2018, this script is not being used on theKashmiri orSanskrit Wikipedia.

Shavian

[edit]

TheShavian alphabet is an alternative phonemic alphabet for the English language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑨𐑤𐑓𐑩𐑚𐑧𐑑

Siddham

[edit]

Siddham script is a script used to writeSanskrit language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
𑖌𑖼𑖦𑖜𑖰𑖢𑖟𑖿𑖦𑖸𑖮𑗝𑖽Om Mani Padme Hum

Sogdian

[edit]

TheSogdian alphabet and the Old Sogdian alphabet were used to write theSogdian language of Central Asia. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐽓

Sora Sompeng

[edit]

TheSora Sompeng alphabet is a Brahmic script. It is used to write theSora language, a Munda language spoken by about 300,000 people. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑃐

Soyombo

[edit]

TheSoyombo script is an abugida developed by the monk and scholar Zanabazar in 1686 to write Mongolian. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑩐code: mon promoted to code: mn

Sundanese

[edit]
Sundanese edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheSundanese script is used to write theSundanese language. The script is encoded inblock "Sundanese", code points 1B80–1BBF (Unicode.org chart). It is supported by the following fonts:


Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ᮜᮓᮢᮀ
ᮃᮚ ᮠᮤᮏᮤ ᮛᮥᮕ ᮞᮒᮧ ᮜᮩᮒᮤᮊ᮪,
ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ, ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,
ᮞᮧᮊ᮪ ᮜᮥᮜᮥᮙ᮪ᮎᮒᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤ ᮎᮄ,
ᮃᮛᮤ ᮘᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮃᮛᮦᮊ᮪ ᮞᮛᮥᮕ ᮏᮀ
ᮜᮔ᮪ᮎᮂ.
Ladrang Aya hiji rupa sato leutik,
Éngkang-éngkang, éngkang-éngkang,
Sok lulumcatan di cai,
Ari bangun arék sarupa jang lancah.

Sutton SignWriting

[edit]

Sutton SignWriting is used to write anysign language. It is supported with the SignWriting 2010 Typeface which includes two TrueType fonts:

It is supported also inGoogle Noto font (not thoroughly tested).

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𝧪𝪞𝪨 𝠀𝪛𝪩 𝠀𝪛𝪡 𝧪𝪤

Sylheti Nagari

[edit]

Sylheti Nagari (Silôṭi Nagri) is an endangered script used for writingSylheti language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤSilôṭi

Syriac / Aramaic script

[edit]

Aramaic edition ofWikipedia, the free encyclopedia

TheSyriac andAramaic scripts are used to write theSyriac andAramaic languages. As with mostSemitic scripts, these scripts flow from right to left, which can cause letters to appear in the wrong order on some left-to-right systems. The template{{lang}} can fix this issue.[citation needed]

Most operating systems provide support for Syriac scripts natively, but only theMaḏnḥāyā (ܡܕܢܚܝܐ‎) andʾEsṭrangēlā (ܐܣܛܪܢܓܠܐ‎) varieties have correct rendering.[c] In order to render theSerṭā (ܣܪܛܐ‎) variety, additional fonts are needed. They are supported by the following fonts:

ScriptCorrect renderingYour browser/device
Maḏnḥāyā (Eastern)ܒܪܹܝܼܫܝܼܬ݀ ܐܝܼܬ݂ܲܘܗ݇ܝ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܡܹܠܬܵ݀ܐ.
Serṭā (Western)ܒ݁ܪܺܝܫܺܝܬܼ ܐܻܝܬܼܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܡܶܠܬܼܳܐ.
ʾEsṭrangēlāܒܪܝܫܝܬ ܐܝܬܗܘܝ ܗܘܐ ܡܠܬܐ.

Tai Le

[edit]

TheTai Le alphabet is used for theTai Nuea language (Tai Nüa). It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ᥖᥭᥰᥘᥫᥴTai Le ([tai˦.lə˧˥])

Tai Viet

[edit]

Tai Viet script is used for writing the Tai languagesTai Dam,Tai Dón, andThai Song. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ꪼꪕꪒꪾ

Tangsa

[edit]

The Tangsa alphabet is used to write theTangsa language, spoken by the Tangsa people of Myanmar and North-Eastern India. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𖪢𖩼𖪭𖩽

Tangut

[edit]

TheTangut script was used to write theTangut language, a Tibeto-Burman language once spoken in theWestern Xia, also known as the Tangut Empire. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𗈁𗤻𗖰𗚩

Tifinagh script

[edit]

TheTifinagh alphabet is used to write theBerber languages. IRCAM (Institut Royal de la Culture Amazighe) has a software suite developed for Windows XP that contains a Tifinagh keyboard and a font available for downloadhere. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/deviceTransliteration
ⵜⵉⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖtifinagh

This script is used in several test wikis at the Wikimedia Incubator, includingCentral Atlas Tamazight,Tachelhit (Tasusiyt, Shilha),Riffian, andShawiya.

Tirhuta script

[edit]

TheTirhuta script is used for theMaithili andSanskrit languages. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑒞𑒱𑒩𑒯𑒳𑒞𑒰

Toto script

[edit]

The Toto script was invented by Dhaniram Toto in 2015 to write theToto language. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𞊒𞊪𞊒𞊪

Wancho

[edit]

TheWancho script is a writing system for theWancho language. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𞋒𞋀𞋉𞋃𞋕

Warang Citi

[edit]

TheWarang Citi script is a writing system for theHo language. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𑢹𑢷𑢡𑢼𑢪
𑢯𑢢𑢵𑢢

Yezidi script

[edit]

TheYezidi script was used for writingKurdish, specifically theKurmanji dialect (Northern Kurdish) for liturgical purposes inIraq andGeorgia. It is supported by the following font:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
𐺊𐺀𐺕𐺣𐺣𐺢𐺀 𐺙𐺦𐺊𐺍𐺀

Yi Syllabary

[edit]

Modern Yi script is a standardizedsyllabary derived from the classic script in 1974 by the localChinese government. It is used to write variousYi languages. It is supported by the following fonts:

Correct renderingYour browser/device
ꆈꌠꁱꂷ

Special cases

[edit]

Romanian

[edit]

The Romanian alphabet contains anS-comma (Ș ș) andT-comma (Ț ț). These characters were added to Unicode 3.0 (September 1999) at the request of the Romanian standardization institute. As font support for these characters has been poor in the past, many computer users use the similar charactersS-cedilla (Ş ş) andT-cedilla (Ţ ţ) instead. However, on Wikipedia it is recommended to use the correct characters with comma below.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/font.aspx?FMID=1081
  2. ^https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/font.aspx?FMID=1263
  3. ^https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/font.aspx?FMID=1805
  4. ^https://www.microsoft.com/typography/fonts/font.aspx?FMID=1599
  5. ^http://www.opera.com/support/kb/view/435/
  6. ^http://www.opera.com/docs/specs/#text

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Until June 2005, when MediaWiki 1.5 came into use on the Wikimedia projects, articles on the English Wikipedia were encoded usingISO/IEC 8859-1 (although the additional characters from theWindows-1252 character set were used in practice.) All characters from theISO/IEC 10646 Universal Character Set could be accessed through numerical entities, as specified by the HTML 4.01 specification. Since then, nearly all pages have been converted to use Unicode directly. Old discussion on the topic can be read atWikipedia talk:Unicode.
  2. ^Not to be confused with MS Sans Serif
  3. ^Microsoft Windows support theʾEsṭrangēlā variety via Estrangelo Edessa and Segoe UI. Historically, some Linux distributions supportedMaḏnḥāyā variety via FreeSans.

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