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Help:IPA/Sardinian

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Sardinian on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Sardinian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Sardinian

The charts below show how theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsSardinian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeeSardinian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of the language.

Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
bbaca,bia,bàbarubike
βabauditu, ebreu, nebodaza[1]between babyand bevy
ddormi, sardu,doadura, (Logudorese) andalibenidone
dzacasazare, pranzu, cazarebetween budsand budge
dʒgioba, Barbagia, culingiosso, panagèlicubudge
ɖabbaraddadu, mundu, cherveddu[keɾˈveɖːu]ⓘ[2]dine (Indian English)
ðabbacada, cantat[ˈkantaða], atherga[1]this
fforas, ufanufast
ɡgabbia,gherra,ghia, sangrau, fogugas
ɣbuttega, sagherra, arcu ’echelu[1]likego, but without completely blocking air flow on the g
kcorsía, àlpaca,chelu,cuadra, bruke, piachente[3]scar
llevantinu, abbalaucadu[2]lip
ʎbrigliaju, origlietas, bragliosu, contissigliu[2]roughly like million
mmeledada,mamudinu, acampàda[2][4]mother
ɱcunforma[4]some value
nnebodaza, energía[2]nest
ŋsíncheru, abbiènghidu[4]sing
ɲapitzigàgnulu,gnagnajolu[2]roughly like canyon
ɳafandare, munduroughly like corndog
ppabasolu,písiri, splajare, ’alvispaltuspin
ɾcarena, dijimireatom (American English)
rrasada, ferrutzostrilled r
ssecada,stantes, dilmissubetweensip andship
ʃscelestu, lescenscia, balascios, isciriship
ttaneddu, àteustar
ts(Logudorese)tzacare,tzarra, catzare,Tzitzeddu, (Campidanese)tzaccau,tzitadibetween catsand catch
tʃciabbata,cedda,cibbu,ciacosu,celibbaducatch
θalthrolitu, furrithu,tharalau, atheddina, istathuthin
vvacada, servu, jurafalzu, safaína[1]vent
zcasara, ixemplu, stantes[ˈstantɛzɛ], susole[1]betweenzoneandgenre
ʒ(Logudorese) abbajocada, ajozi, conjugadu, ojos, (Campidanese) paxi, axedu, dexigenre
ʔpacu,connòschere, sa pache, saluna[5]getting (Cockney)
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
aArba,areddare,àteru, proiàtroughly like father
emeri, panagèlicu, ghèneru[6]roughly like pay
ɛxena, lèghere, isdentadubed
ifilu, síncheru, paxi,ixemplusee
oogru, còtzula, abbaosu[6]law (British English)
ɔconnòschere,ogros, candooff
udomu,úrtimatool
 
Semivowels
jeja, (Logudorese) gioja,[7] calzulaieddu,[8] (Campidanese) Sardinnia[9]you
w(Campidanese) àcua, língua[10]way
 
Suprasegmentals
IPAExamplesExplanation
ˈcantat[ˈkantaða]primary stress
ˌpropiamente[ˌpɾopi.aˈmɛntɛ]secondary stress
.via[ˈvi.a]syllable break
ːfillu[ˈfilːu]geminated consonant[2]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdePhonemic/b/,/d/,/ɡ/ between vowels are usually realized as[β],[ð],[ɣ], and sometimes even omitted, in a process known aslenition. Lenition to[β],[ð],[ɣ],[v],[z] (but not omission) also normally occurs for initial/p/,/t/ or/θ/,/k/,/f/,/s/ after a word ending in a vowel, with the exception of a few "strong" words: e.g.[pɾɔˈvaɣɛɾɛ] 'in order to do' but[pɾɔnɔˈfaɣɛɾɛ] 'in order not to do' (comparesyntactic gemination in Italian and other Romance languages).
  2. ^abcdefgGemination, here represented by ⟨ː⟩, is onlydistinctive for the pairs/l,lː/,/m,mː/ and/n,nː/, and only occurs after a vowel, where it also occurs for[ɖː],[ʎː] and[ɲː] (the latter two being common realizations of/lːj/ and/nːj/, respectively).
  3. ^Usually,/k/ is written down following either the Italian style (by using⟨ch⟩ beforee andi: e.g.anchilla,chelu,chena,chi, etc.), the Byzantine style (by using⟨k⟩: e.g.ankilla,kelu,kena,ki, etc.) or (now rare) the Spanish style (by using⟨qu⟩ beforee andi: e.g.anquilla,quelu,quena,qui, etc.).
  4. ^abcNasal consonants alwaysassimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, then in/nɡ/~/nk/ is velar[ŋ], but before/v/ or/f/, it is labiodental[ɱ]. It is[m] only before/p/,/b/ or/m/ and[ɳ] before/ɖ/.
  5. ^Glottal stops usually occur for intervocalic/k/ in some dialects ofBarbagia, and for intervocalic/l/ and/n/ in some dialects ofSarrabus.
  6. ^ab/ɛ/ and/ɔ/ are realized as[e] and[o], respectively, if the following syllable contains/i/,/u/, apalatal, or another occurrence of[e] or[o]. This is not the case if said/i/ or/u/ results from a historical/ɛ/ or/ɔ/.
  7. ^One of the cases in which the grapheme⟨j⟩ does not represent the sound[ʒ].
  8. ^A rare case, using the grapheme⟨i⟩, normally representing a full vowel/i/.
  9. ^Phonetically transcribed as[saɾˈdinːja], as opposed toSardigna in Logudorese, transcribed as[saɾˈdiɲːa]. In Campidanese this semivowel is more usual.
  10. ^Campidanese preserved the Latin/kw/ and/ɡw/ sequences, which merged into/b/ in Logudorese. Elsewhere,/w/ is only present in some rarediphthongs and/orloanwords.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1989) [1957].Dizionario Etimologico Sardo (in Italian). Trois.
  • Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo (1994).ELLO ELLUS, grammatica della lingua sarda (in Italian). Nuoro (Sardinia): Poliedro Edizioni.
  • Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo (2007).Sardo e italiano a confronto. CUEC.
  • Mura, Riccardo; Virdis, Maurizio (2015).Caratteri e strutture fonetiche, fonologiche e prosodiche della lingua sarda. Il sintetizzatore vocale SINTESA (in Italian). Condaghes.
  • Puddu, Mario (2015) [2000].Ditzionàriu de sa limba e de sa cultura sarda (in Sardinian). Condaghes.

See also

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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