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Help:IPA/Portuguese

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Portuguese on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Portuguese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Portuguese

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsPortuguese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Distinction is made between the two major standards of the language—Portugal (European Portuguese,EP; broadly the standard also usedin Africa andin Asia) andBrazil (Brazilian Portuguese,BP). Neither variant is preferred at Wikipedia, except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant, such as a place in Brazil or an individual from Portugal.

SeePortuguese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese.

Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
Portugal
EP
Brazil
BP
bbbeiço, âmbar, sobabout
βcabeça, sobre[1]EP:between babyand bevy
BP: about
ðdcedo, idade[1]EP: other
BP: today
ddedo, lendatoday
digo, advérbio, balde[2]EP: today
BP:jig
ffado, caféface
ɡɡgato, signo, bingo,guerraagain
ɣfogo, figueira[1]EP:between agoand ahold
BP: again
kcor, dica,quente,kiwiscan
lllua, alôtoll
wmal[3]EP: toll
BP: tow
ʎlhe, velhomillion
mmês, somomight
nnão, sononot
ɲnhoque, sonhocanyon
ppó, sopa, aptospouse
ʁʁrio, carro, enrascado[4][5]Frenchrouge
ɾr, porto, por favor[4][5]EP: atom (GA)
BP:Frenchrouge
ɾfrio, caro, por acaso[4][5]atom (GA)
sssaco, isso, braço, máximosack
ʃescola, as portas, dez, texto[6]EP:sheep
BP:sack
ʃchave, achar,xarope, baixo,sushisheep
tchau, atchimchip
ttipo, ritmo, ponte[2]EP: stand
BP:chip
ttempo, átomostand
vvela, livro,wolfeítavest
ʒʒjá,gentepleasure
zrasgo, os meus[6]EP: pleasure
BP:zebra
zcasa, os amigos, doze, existirzebra
 
Semivowels[7]
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
Portugal
EP
Brazil
BP
jsaia, pais,yeti,yogayou
wfrequente, quão, mau, Cauã,westernwant
Stressedvowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
Portugal
EP
Brazil
BP
aaalzheimer, Jaime,[8] dá, lámenfather
ɐfalámos, falamos,[9] andaime[8]EP: father
BP: strut
ɐfalamos, câmera,bugstrut
eabelha, venho, jeito[10]EP: strut
BP: case (Scottish)
emeto, sêcase (Scottish)
ɛprémio (EP), prêmio (BP)EP: set
BP: case (Scottish)
ɛmeta, sé,Émerson, cafezinhoset
isi, dia, país, suíço, rainha,[11]dieselseat
ɔɔformosa, formosos, avó, somenteoff
oAntónio (EP), Antônio (BP)EP:off
BP: story
oavô, formoso, alôstory
owSousa[12]EP: story
BP: goal
urua, lúcido, saúdecool
Unstressed vowels
ɐɐtaça, manhã[13]about
amaior,aquele, daEP:about
BP: grandma
aCamões, caveiragrandma
ɛeincrível, segmentoEP: access
BP: case (Scottish)
ɨsemáforo[14]EP:emission
BP: case (Scottish)
ijure, pequeno, se[14]EP:emission
BP: seat
idypingita, júri, meandro,e, doe[15]seat
oowGouveia[12]story
ɔohospitalEP: royale
BP: story
usortudoEP: outlook
BP: story
uevacuar, boneco, vi-o, voo, frio[15],osoutlook
 
Suprasegmentals
Stress and syllabification
IPAExamplesExplanation
Portugal
EP
Brazil
BP
ˈJoão[ʒuˈɐ̃w]lexical stress
ˌVila-Chã[ˌvilɐˈʃɐ̃]secondary stress
.Rio[ˈʁi.u]syllable break
Diacritics
◌̃Chã[ˈʃɐ̃][16]nasal vowel

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^abcIn northern and central Portugal,/b/,/d/, and/ɡ/ arelenited tofricatives of the sameplace of articulation ([β],[ð], and[ɣ], respectively) in all places except after a pause, anasal vowel, or (for/d/)/l/, when they are stops[b,d,ɡ], not dissimilar from Englishb, d, g (Mateus & d'Andrade 2000:11).
  2. ^abIn most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese,/d,t/ are affricated to[,] before the close front vowels/i,ĩ/.
  3. ^Final/l/ is vocalized to[w] in Standard Brazilian Portuguese.
  4. ^abcThe fricative/ʁ/ has a considerable variation in Brazil, often being a voiceless velar[x] or glottal fricative[h], or the voiced variants[ɣ~ɦ] in standard speech. Uvular variants such as[χ] and[ʁ] that are typical of Portugal also occur in Brazil. See alsoGuttural R in Portuguese.
  5. ^abcThe rhotic consonants/ɾ/⟨r⟩ and/ʁ/⟨rr⟩ contrast only between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution, with/ʁ/ occurring word-initially, after⟨l⟩,⟨n⟩, and⟨s⟩ and in compounds;/ɾ/ is found elsewhere. In the word-final position, they are neutralized in favor of/ɾ/ in Portugal and some Brazilian dialects and in favor of/ʁ/ in most[citation needed] Brazilian dialects (which is how it is transcribed in this guide).
  6. ^abThe four coronal fricatives/s,z,ʃ,ʒ/ are neutralized at the end of a syllable. They are voiced before a voiced consonant or a vowel and voiceless elsewhere. In Standard European Portuguese, they are postalveolar[ʃ,ʒ] before consonants and only [ʃ] before pauses; before vowels, only the voiced alveolar[z] appears. In Brazilian Portuguese, the typical pronunciation in all positions is alveolar[s,z], but in some dialects they are postalveolar as in Portugal.
  7. ^Intervocalic glides are ambisyllabic, they are part of previous falling diphthongs and they are geminated to next syllable onset. Examples of such pronunciations aregoiaba[ɡojˈjabɐ] andCauã for[kawˈwɐ̃].
  8. ^abMost Brazilian dialects have the close/ɐ/ in the stressed diphthong spelled⟨ai⟩ before/m/ and/n/. In many dialects it is also nasalized. Many speakers of those dialects, includingbroadcast media, use the open/a/ for some words likeJaime andRoraima.
  9. ^First-person plural past tense in European Portuguese has the open/a/, and present tense has the close/ɐ/. Both conjugated with the close/ɐ/ in Brazilian Portuguese
  10. ^In Standard Lisbon Portuguese,/e/ merges with/ɐ/ when it comes before palatal sounds.
  11. ^There are no diphthongs before palatal consonants, so hiatuses are not indicated before/ɲ/ (e.g.rainha/ʁaˈiɲɐ/).
  12. ^abThe[ow] diphthong does not exist in Standard Lisbon Portuguese, having been monophthongized to[o] (seeCruz-Ferreira 1999:128, 130).
  13. ^In Brazilian Portuguese, pre-stressed[ɐ] is obligatory only before/ɲ/ and has a tendency to be raised before other nasal consonants. In many dialects, nasalization is obligatory also before/ɲ/.
  14. ^ab/ɨ/ is often deleted in European Portuguese.
  15. ^abSome of the post-stressed high vowels in hiatuses, as infrio ('cold') andrio ('river'), may vary between a reduced vowel[ˈfɾi.u] and a glide[ˈfɾiw], exceptions are verbal conjugations, forming pairs likeeu rio[ˈewˈʁi.u] (I laugh) andele riu[ˈelɨˈʁiw] (he laughed).
  16. ^Nasal vowels in Portuguese are/ɐ̃/,/ẽ/,/ĩ/,/õ/ and/ũ/

References

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External link

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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