Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Help:IPA/Polish

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Polish on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Polish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Polish

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsPolish language pronunciations inWikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see{{IPA}},{{IPAc-pl}}, andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeePolish phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Polish.

Consonants[1]
IPAPolishExampleEnglish approximation
bbbardzoⓘbike
ɕś, s(i)[2]Jaśⓘshe
dddawnoⓘdoor
d͡z[3]dzdzbanⓘbeds
d͡ʑ[3]dź, dz(i)[2]dziadekⓘjeep[4]
d͡ʐ[3]dżDżakartaⓘjug[4]
fffokaⓘfeist
ɡggraćⓘgirl
ɡʲg(i)[2]Giewontⓘargue
ɣch, hklechdaⓘSpanish amigo
jj, i[2]jakⓘyes
j̃[5]ńGdańskⓘpoint
kkkrowaⓘscam
kʲk(i)[2]kierowcaⓘskew
lllampaⓘlion
mm[6]morzeⓘmile
nn[6]nadⓘNile
ɲń, n(i)[6][2]nieⓘcanyon
ŋ[7]n[6]mangoⓘdoing
pppolicjaⓘspike
rrróżowyⓘAmerican English atom
sssmakⓘsign
ʂszszybkoⓘshore[4]
tttakⓘstow
t͡ɕ[3]ć, c(i)[2]cierpkiⓘcheer[4]
t͡s[3]ccałkiemⓘcats
t͡ʂ[3]czczyⓘchild[4]
vwwartośćⓘvile
włładnyⓘway
xch, hchlebⓘScottish loch
xʲch(i), h(i)[2]historiaⓘhuge
zzzebraⓘraisin
ʑź, z(i)[2]ziarnoⓘvision, azure[4]
ʐż, rzrzadkoⓘ
Vowels
IPAPolishExampleEnglish approximation
aatamⓘfather
ɛekremⓘbet
ɛ̃ę[6]kęsⓘFrench vin
ii[2]piwoⓘeat
ɨymyⓘmill
ɔorokⓘoff
ɔ̃ą[6]wążⓘcroissant
uu,ódużyⓘpool
Other symbols used for Polish
IPAExplanation
ˈPrimary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), usually the penultimate syllable of a word.
ˌSecondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable).
.Syllable break.

See also

[edit]

Explanatory notes

[edit]
  1. ^Allvoicedobstruents/b,d,ɡ,v,z,ʐ,ʑ,d͡ʐ,d͡ʑ/ aredevoiced to[p,t,k,f,s,ʂ,ɕ,t͡ʂ,t͡ɕ] respectively at the ends of words and in clusters ending in any unvoiced obstruents. Voiceless obstruents are voiced (/x/ becoming[ɣ], etc.) in clusters ending in any voiced obstruent except/v/ and/ʐ/ (when spelled withrz), which are then themselves devoiced.
  2. ^abcdefghijThe letter⟨i⟩, when it is followed by a vowel, represents a pronunciation like a⟨j⟩ or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (sopies is pronounced as if it were spelt *pjes). It has the same effect as anacute accent on alveolar consonants (⟨s⟩,⟨z⟩,⟨c⟩,⟨dz⟩,⟨n⟩) sosię,cios andniania are pronounced as if they were spelt *śę, *ćos, *ńańa. A following⟨i⟩ also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel:zima,ci anddzisiaj are pronounced as if they were spelled *źima, *ći, *dźiśaj. The phonemes represented by⟨(c)h⟩,⟨g⟩ and⟨k⟩ are most often analyzed as soft (i.e.palatalized) before⟨i⟩ and⟨ie⟩ and as hard (i.e. followed by a full[j]) before⟨ia⟩,⟨io⟩,⟨iu⟩.
  3. ^abcdefPolish contrastsaffricates/t͡s,d͡z,t͡ɕ,d͡ʑ,t͡ʂ,d͡ʐ/ with stop–fricative clusters: for example,czysta[ˈt͡ʂɨsta]ⓘ "clean" versustrzysta[ˈtʂɨsta]ⓘ "three hundred".
  4. ^abcdefPolish makes a distinction betweenretroflex andalveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound roughly like the English postalveolars/ʃ,ʒ,tʃ,dʒ/. The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard", with the tip of the tongue approaching thealveolar ridge and the blade of the tongue somewhat lowered, and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft", realized with the middle of the tongue raised, adding a bit of an⟨ee⟩ sound to them.
  5. ^Allophone of/ɲ/ beforefricatives.
  6. ^abcdefThe letters⟨ą⟩ and⟨ę⟩ represent thenasal vowels/ɔ̃,ɛ̃/ except when they are followed by astop oraffricate, in which case they represent oral vowels/ɔ,ɛ/ followed by anasal consonanthomorganic with the following stop or affricate:kąt[ˈkɔnt],gęba[ˈɡɛmba],ręka[ˈrɛŋka],piszący[piˈʂɔnt͡sɨ],pieniądze[pjɛˈɲɔnd͡zɛ],pięć[ˈpjɛɲt͡ɕ],jęczy[ˈjɛnt͡ʂɨ] (as if spelled *kont, *gemba, *renka, *piszoncy, *pieńondze, *pieńć, *jenczy).
  7. ^Allophone of/n/ before avelar/ɡ,k,x/ in some cases.

Further reading

[edit]

External links

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
Greater Poland dialect group
Masovian dialect group
Lesser Poland dialect group
Goral ethnolect
Kresy dialects
Urban dialects
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Polish&oldid=1299622708"
Category:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp