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Help:IPA/Nguni

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Nguni on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Nguni in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Nguni

The charts below show the way in which theIPA is used to transcribe theNguni languagesSwazi,Xhosa, andZulu. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

A superscriptX marks a sound or spelling found specifically in Xhosa,S in Swazi, andZ specifically in Zulu. Sounds marked * only appear in loanwords.

Consonants
Non-click
IPAOrthographyEnglish approximation
bbhbook
ɓbbag, butimplosive
dddip
jjust
dzdzdads
dvdvshand valve
fffind
ɡggive
ɠkzgood, but implosive
hhhave
ɦhhbehind
jyyet
kkhcan
kback, withglottalization
ksGlottalized bag
kxʼklz,krxNo English equivalent
kʟ̝̊klz,krxSimilar toclinic
lllike
ɬhlNo English equivalent;Welshllwyd
ɮdlNo English equivalent; Welshllwyd, butvoiced
mmmode
nnnight
ŋngʼx,ngzs[1]sing
ɲnycanyon
pphpin
plip, with glottalization
rrright, buttrilled
sssee
ʃshship
tthtip
tbit, with glottalization
tstscats
tftfsthoughtful
tsʼtscats, with glottalization
tʃʼtshcatch, with glottalization
vvvine
wwwind
xrhxScottish loch
ɣgrxNo English equivalent;Spanish amigo
ʒzhxpleasure
zzzip
ʔ(ʔ)xPause inuh-oh!
Click[2]
IPAOrthography
ᵏǀc
ᵏǀʼc
ᵏǁx
ᵏǁʼx
ᵏǃq
ᵏǃʼq
ᶢǀgc
ᶢǁgx
ᶢǃgq
ᵑǀnc
ᵑǁnx
ᵑǃnq
Other symbols
◌̃nasalisation (placed above consonant)
◌ʰAspirated consonant (placed after consonant)
◌ʱBreathy voice (placed after consonant)
◌ʲPalatalisation (placed after consonant)
◌̠Retracted consonant (placed below consonant)
◌̤ /◌̈/◌̥ /◌̊slack voice (placed above or below consonant)
Vowels
IPAOrthographyEnglish approximation
a[3]acat or father[4]
ɛebed
eebay
iibeat
ɔoBritish Englishoff
oostory
uucool
ːlong vowel
Tones
Tone markTone Bar
á˦
à˨
âː˥˩
ǎ̤˨˦
à̤˨
a̤᷈ː˨˧˨

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The velar nasal [ŋ] may be pronounced as [ŋg] in Swazi.
  2. ^The click consonants do not have any equivalent phoneme inEnglish. The nearest equivalents to English-speakers are theTut-tut orTsk! Tsk!,tchick!, andclip-clop!interjections.
  3. ^/a/ is phonetically realised as an open front unrounded vowel [a] in Swazi, an open central unrounded vowel [ä] in Zulu and an open back unrounded vowel in Xhosa [ɑ].
  4. ^Realized similar to cat in Swazi, similar to father in Xhosa, and in between the two in Zulu

See also

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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