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This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Korean on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Korean in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Korean

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsKorean language pronunciations inWikipedia articles. It is based on thestandard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in theNorth Korean dialect or in other dialects. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeeKorean phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Korean.

Koreanconsonants
IPA	Hangul	Example		English approximation
IPA	Hangul	Hangul	RR	English approximation
b^[1]	ㅂ	이불	ibul	ball
β^[2]^[3]	ㅎ	오후	ohu	roughly like away
ç^[4]	ㅎ	힘, 흉내	him,hyungnae	human
ɕ^[5]	ㅅ	시루	siru	roughly likeshe
ɕ͈^[5]	ㅆ ㅅ	씨, 국수	ssi, guksu	roughly likesure,tensed
d^[1]	ㄷ	민들레	mindeulle	doll
dz^[6]	ㅈ	나중	najung	beds
dʑ^[1]	ㅈ [ㄷ이]	아버지, 해돋이	abeoji, haedoji	roughly likejeans
ɸ^[3]	ㅎ [호] [후]	활, 훗날	hwal,hunnal	roughly likephew
ɡ^[1]	ㄱ	마개	magae	gall
ɣ^[2]^[7]	ㅎ	마흔	maheun	again,but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth
h	ㅎ	햇잎	haennip	hall
ɦ^[2]	ㅎ	더하기	deohagi	RP behind
j	[ㅛ, ㅠ,ㅑ,ㅕ, ㅖ, ㅒ]^[8]	여울	yeoul	you
ʝ^[2]^[4]	ㅎ	감히	gamhi	roughly likeyou
k	ㄱ	구이	gui	sky
k̚	ㄱ ㅋ^[9]	바지락	bajirak	lock
k͈	ㄲ	꿩, 젓갈	kkwong, jeotgal	skin,tensed
kʰ	ㅋ [ㄱㅎ] [ㅎㄱ]	코, 석회, 않기	ko, seokhoe, angi	cup
ɭ	ㄹ [ㄴ]^[10]	알, 신라	al, Silla	hall
m	ㅁ [ㅂ]^[11]	못, 압력	mot, amnyeok	mall
n	ㄴ [ㄹ, ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ]^[12]	누리	nuri	not
ŋ	ㅇ [ㄱ]^[13]	가랑비, 먹물	garangbi, meongmul	king
p	ㅂ	바다	bada	spa
p̚	ㅂ ㅍ^[14]	부삽, 잎	busap, ip	clip
p͈	ㅃ ㅂ	뿔, 먹보	ppul, meokbo	spit,tensed
pʰ	ㅍ [ㅂㅎ] [ㅎㅂ]	푸서리, 잡학	puseori, japhak	paint
ɾ	ㄹ [ㄹㅇ]	여드레, 얼음	yeodeure, eoreum	Scottish greatorAmerican atom
sʰ	ㅅ	수박	subak	likesee,butaspirated (with more breath)
s͈	ㅆ	쌀, 열쇠	ssal, yeolsoe	saw,tensed
t	ㄷ	돌	dol	star
t̚	ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ^[15]	곧, 뭍, 옷, 젖, 낯	got, mut, ot, jeot, nat	let
t͈	ㄸ ㄷ	떡, 막대	tteok, makdae	stall,tensed
tʰ	ㅌ [ㄷㅎ] [ㅎㄷ]	구태여, 맞흥정, 닳다	gutaeyeo, matheungjeong, dalda	tall
ts^[6]	ㅈ	측정	cheukjeong	cats
ts͈^[6]	ㅉ	짤림	jjallim	cats,tensed
tsʰ^[6]	ㅊ [ㅈㅎ] [ㅎㅈ]	참새	chamsae	let's have
tɕ	ㅈ	자투리	jaturi	roughly like patch
tɕ͈	ㅉ	돌쩌귀, 꺽지	doljjeogwi, kkeokji	roughly like patch,tensed
tɕʰ	ㅊ [ㄷ히] [ㅎㅈ]	눈초리, 맞히다, 닳지	nunchori, machida, dalji	roughly likecheek
w	[ㅙ, ㅞ]^[16]	왜가리, 꿰맴질	waegari, kkwemaemjil	wall
x^[7]	ㅎ	흙	heuk	Scottish loch

Koreanvowels anddiphthongs^[17]
IPA	Hangul	Example		English approximation
IPA	Hangul	Hangul	RR^[18]	English approximation
a	ㅏ	하루	haru	GA lost
aː	ㅏ	밤	bam	spa
ʌ	ㅓ	거울	geoul	Conservativeup
əː	ㅓ	어른	eoreun	RP herd
ɛ	ㅐ	개구리	gaeguri	bet
ɛː	ㅐ	냇물	naenmul	GA bed
e	ㅔ	메주	meju	rate
eː	ㅔ	게장	gejang	raid
i	ㅢ^[19]	흰색	huinsaek	peak
i	ㅣ	피	pi	peak
iː	ㅣ	실타래	siltarae	bead
o	ㅗ	오늘	oneul	sort
oː	ㅗ	모레	more	sword
ø	ㅚ^[16]	쇠뇌	soenoe	wait
øː	ㅚ^[16]	왼손	oenson	weighed
u	ㅜ	우물	umul	root
uː	ㅜ	둘	dul	rude
ɯ	ㅡ	버들	beodeul	like goosefor some speakers
ɯː	ㅡ	그림	geurim	like coolfor some speakers
ɰi	ㅢ^[19]	민주주의	minjujuui	likewebut unrounded (with relaxed lips)
y	ㅟ^[16]	귀엣말	gwienmal	somewhat like sweet
yː	ㅟ^[16]	쉰	swin	somewhat like swede

Koreansuprasegmentals
IPA	Description
ː	Geminated consonant^[20]
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
ˌ	Secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
.	Syllable break

Notes

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^^a ^b ^c ^dThe plain stops and affricate/pttɕk/ are voiced to[bddʑɡ] respectively between voiced sounds.
^^a ^b ^c ^dㅎ is voiced between voiced sounds.
^^a ^b[ɸ] is the allophone of/h/ before/u/ or/w/.
^^a ^b[ç] is the allophone of/h/ before/i/ or/j/.
^^a ^b[ɕɕ͈] are the allophones of/sʰs͈/ before/i/ and/j/.
^^a ^b ^c ^d[tsts͈tsʰdz] occur in the North Korean dialect.
^^a ^b[x] is the allophone of/h/ before/ɯ/.
^/j/ cannot be spelled by itself, but by doubling the short line on the vowel which it phonetically precedes.
^ㄱ and ㅋ are[k̚] and RRk at the end of a syllable.
^ㄹ is[ɭ] at the end of a syllable. ㄹㄴ and ㄴㄹ may be[ɭː].
^ㅂ is[m] before/n/ or/m/.
^ㄹ may be[n] at the start of a word. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅈ are[n] before/n/ or/m/.
^ㅇ is[ŋ] at the end of a syllable. ㄱ is[ŋ] before/n/,/m/, or/ɾ/.
^ㅂ and ㅍ are[p̚] and RRp at the end of a syllable.
^ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅈ, ㅊ are[t̚] and RRt at the end of a syllable.
^^a ^b ^c/w/ is spelled ㅜ before/ʌ/,/e/,/i/ (the latter combination producing/y/~[ɥi]) and ㅗ before/ɛ/,/a/; ㅚ/ø/ can also be pronounced[we].
^In Standard Korean,vowel length is contrastive, but this has mostly been lost in the spoken language.
^Vowel length is not reflected in the romanization.
^^a ^bWhen ㅢ is preceded by anything but ㅇ,/ɰi/ is interchangeable with, or completely shifted to/i/.
^Resulting from various sequences of consonants (and their relative transcriptions) inregressive assimilation.

References

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Heo, Yong (2013). "An analysis and interpretation of Korean vowel systems".Acta Koreana.16 (1):23–43.doi:10.18399/acta.2013.16.1.002.
Lee, Hyun-bok (1999). "An IPA Illustration of Korean".Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. pp. 120–123.
Lee, Hyun-bok (2002).음성의 연구와 음성의 표기법 [Phonetic Notation in Phonetic Research: IPA and International Korean Phonetic Alphabet](PDF). INTERSPEECH-2002.^{[permanent dead link]}
Lee, Hyun-bok (2004).In search of a universal phonetic alphabet – theory and application of an organic visible speech(PDF). INTERSPEECH-2004.doi:10.21437/Interspeech.2004-2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2022-04-19.
Shin, J. (2015). "Vowels and Consonants". In Brown, L.; Yeon, J. (eds.).The Handbook of Korean Linguistics. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 21–36.
Shin, J.; Kiaer, J.; Cha, J. (2012).The Sounds of Korean. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Sohn, Ho-min (2001).The Korean Language. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0521369436.

External links

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Hangul–IPA Converter atArtificial Intelligence Laboratory ofPusan National University

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