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Help:IPA/Jin Chinese

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Jin Chinese on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Jin Chinese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Jin Chinese

The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used forJin Chinese (晉語), one of theSinitic languages. All vocabulary are based on Jin Chinese inWubu,Shaanxi Province.[1][2]

Initial consonants[i]
IPAPinyinExamples[ii]
ɕx[sã˥˧ɕjəʔ˧]散學
f[iii]f[tʰu˦˩˨ɲjɑo̯˧fã˨˩˧ʂəŋ˨˩˧]土牛翻身
kg[swɛe̯˦˩˨kwɤ˥˧tsəʔ˨˩]水貫子
kʰk[kʰwɤ˨˩˧tʰo˧]寬透
ll[təŋlɑo̯r]燈簍兒
mm[məŋ˥˧məŋ˥˧]夢夢
nn[kəʔ˦nɑe̯˦˩˨]隔奶
ɲ[iv]nz[ɲje˧sɹ̩˨˩]年時
ŋng[tswɤu̯˥˧ŋor˨˩]裝襖兒
ss[sã˨˦sɛe̯˨˩˧]山西
ʂsh[ʂje˦˩˨sɛe̯˨˩˧]陝西
pb[pəŋ˨˩˧lɑo̯˧]奔顱
pʰp[pʰo˦˩˨tu˥˧tsəʔ˨˩]跑肚子
td[twəʔ˧tã˥˧]㞘蛋
tʰt[tʰwɑe̯˨˩˧no˧]推腦
tɕj[so˦˩˨tɕjəʔ˧tɛe̯˥˧]掃腳底
tɕʰq[tɕʰje˧ʂɤu̯r˨˩˧]前晌兒
tsz[xwɑe̯˧tsəʔ˨˩pɑe̯˨˩˧]茴子白
tsʰc[pɛe̯˥˧tsʰɑ˨˩˧ljəʔ˨˩]病瘥了
tʂzh[lwəŋ˧tʂã˥˧]攏帳
tʂʰch[tʂʰɑo̯˥˧kwəʔ˧tsəʔ˨˩]臭骨子
xh[xxəʔ˨˩tɕjã˨˩˧fã˥˧]黑間飯
ʐ[v]r[njã˦˩˨ʦɛe̯˨˩˧ʐər˥˧]眼睛仁兒
Final consonants
IPAPinyinExamples[ii]
FCRhyme
-ŋəŋeng[səŋ˧u˧tʂʰɤu̯˨˩]尋無常
jəŋ[vi]ieng[ɕjəŋ˥˧xu˨˩]杏虎
wəŋ[vii]ueng[kwəŋ˨˦swɛe̯˨˩]滾水
ɥəŋ[viii]yeng[tɕjəʔ˦kəʔ˨˩˧tɕɥəŋ˨˩˧]腳圪踪
-r/r[sã˨˩mɤr˥˧]山蔓兒
-ʔɑʔaq[tʰɑʔ˨˩˧i˨˩˧ʂɤu̯˧təʔ˨˩]踏衣裳的
əʔeeq[jã˧i˨˦tsəʔ˨˩]洋胰子
jaʔ[vi]iaq[tɕjo˨˦tsɹ̩˦˩˨tɕjɑʔ˧]鉸指甲
jəʔ[vi]ieeq[sã˨˩˧tjəʔ˦swər˨˩]三滴水兒
wɑʔ[vii]uaq[swɑʔ˧jəʔ˧tɑʔ˧]刷一搭
weʔ[vii]ueq[ɕɥe˨˩˧swəʔ˧]喧說
ɥɑʔ[viii]yaq[sã˨˩tɕɥɑʔ˦pɑr˦˩˨]三角板兒
ɥəʔ[viii]yeeq[ɥəʔ˨˩˧tɕjəŋ˥˧]月盡
Vowels
IPAPinyinExamples[ii]
ɑa[tɑ˨˦po˦˩˨sɛe̯˨˩˧]打飽聲
ɑe̯ae[tsɑʔ˧xɑe̯˥˧]作害
ɑo̯ao[tʰɑo̯˥˧]透
ãan[nã˦˩˨tsã˥˧tɕjəŋ˨˩˧]囔藏經
ɛe̯e[tsʰɛe̯˨˩˧xɤu̯˥˧]青貨
əee[kəʔtu]圪都
ii[mi˦˩˨tʰɤu̯˨˩˧]米湯
jɑ[vi]ia[xɤu̯˨˩ȵjɑ˧]呵牙
jã[vi]ian[xɑ˥˧njã˨˩kʰəʔ˦tsəʔ˨˩]下牙殼子
jɑe̯[vi]iae[tsʰuɤ˥˧tɕjɑe̯˨˩˧]串街
jɑo̯[vi]iao[ljɑo̯˧kɑo̯˨˦tsəʔ˨˩]溜溝子
je[vi]ie[ɕje˨˦swɛe̯˨˩]頷水
jo[vi]io[sã˥˧tɕjo˨˩˧]散交
jɤ[vi]ioe[ljɤ˧kʰər˨˩]撩羹兒
jɤu̯[vi]ioeu[tɕjəʔ˧ljɤu̯˧mje˥˧]腳梁面
oo[xəʔ˧lo˦˩˨fəŋ˨˩˧]黑老風
ɹ̩[ix]ii[swa˦˩˨sɹ̩˨˦tsəʔ˨˩]耍獅子
uu[jɤ˨˩˧pu˥˧]腰布
wɑ[vii]ua[swɑ˦˩˨mɤ˧swəʔ˧]耍魔術
wã[vii]uan[ʂwã˨˩tʂɛe̯˥˧]拴正
wɑe̯[vii]uae[wɑe̯˥˧xɑo̯r˨˩]外後兒
wɛe̯[vii]ue[səʔ˧wɛe̯˥˧]失未
wɤ[vii]uoe[pəʔ˧nje˧tsʰwɤ˨˩]不言喘
wɤu̯[vii]uoeu[lɑʔ˨˩˧swɤu̯˨˩˧]落霜
ɤoe[jəʔ˧pʰɤ˧ʂɑ˧]一盤蛇
ɤu̯oeu[tã˧pɤu̯˥˧]糖棒
y[x]y[tsʰwəʔ˦ny˦˩˨]出女
ɥɑ[viii]ya[tɕʰɥɑ˧tsəʔ˨˩]瘸子
ɥe[viii]ye[nɑe̯˧tɕɥe˦˩˨]挨啳
Tones
IPANumeric
contours		Tonal
categories
(sequence)		Examples[ii]
Stand-alone tones
˨˩˧[xi]◌213[xi]陰平 (◌1)[zo˨˩˧ɲjo˦˩˨ɲjo˨˩˧]搔咬咬
˧◌33陽平 (◌2)[lo˦˩˨i˧xɤu̯˧]老爺河
˦˩˨◌412上 (◌3)[lo˦˩˨pʰɤ˧tsʰwɛe̯˦˩˨]老婆嘴
˥˧◌53去 (◌4)[ʂəŋ˥˧xwər˥˧]甚會兒
ʔ˧◌ʔ3陰入 (◌5)[xɑo̯˧tʂɑʔ˧tʰɑo̯r˥˧]猴指頭兒
ʔ˨˩˧◌ʔ213陽入 (◌6)[sɑʔ˦pɑʔ˨˩˧ʂɑo̯˨˩˧]殺剝手
Supplementary tonal changes
˨˩[xii]◌21[xii]輕 (◌0)[lɛe̯˨˦wə˨˩]裏物
˨˦◌24陰平 (◌1)
or上 (◌3)		[tsʰu˨˦tɕjã˨˩]初間
ʔ˦◌ʔ4陰入 (◌5)
or 陽入 (◌6)		[sɑʔ˦pɑʔ˨˩˧ʂɑo̯˨˩˧]殺剝手

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Zero onsets may be pronounced as[v] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  2. ^abcdGlosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from吴堡方言调查研究 (2014)[2] and陕西方言集成:榆林卷 (2020).[1]
  3. ^[f] may be pronounced as[xu-] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  4. ^Insinological phonetic notation,[ɲ] is marked as ⟨ȵ⟩.
  5. ^[ʐ] may be pronounced as[z] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  6. ^abcdefghijkThenon-syllabic gliding[j] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic[i], as in[iɑ,iã,iaʔ,iɑe̯,iɑo̯,ie,iə,iəʔ,io,iɤ,iɤu̯].
  7. ^abcdefghiThenon-syllabic gliding[w] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic[u], as in[uã,uɑ,uɑʔ,uɑe̯,ueʔ,uɛe̯,uəŋ,uɤ,uɤu̯].
  8. ^abcdeThenon-syllabic gliding[ɥ] may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic[y], as in[yɑ,yɑʔ,ye,yə,ɥəŋ,yəʔ].
  9. ^Insinological phonetic notation,[ɹ̩] is marked as ⟨ɿ⟩.
  10. ^[y] may be pronounced as[ʉ] in some localities of Jin Chinese.
  11. ^abUnter certain scenarios,˨˩˧ (213) is abbreviated to˨˩ (21) in the beginning of a word. This is not to be confused with theunstressed tone˨˩ (21) at the end of a word. An unstressed tone takes half thetime to pronounce.
  12. ^ab˨˩ (21) is anunstressed tone (neutral tone). Its contour is mistakenly marked as "0" (no contour) in older literature. Under certain scenarios, any tone at the end of a word could turn into an unstressed tone. This is not to be confused with the tone category 陰平˨˩˧ (213), which under certain scenarios is abbreviated to˨˩ (21) in the beginning of a word. An unstressed tone takes half thetime to pronounce.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab贺雪梅 (2020). "吴堡县篇". In 王建领 (ed.).陕西方言集成:榆林卷. 商务印书馆. pp. 692–726.
  2. ^abc邢向东; 王兆富 (2014).吴堡方言调查研究. 中华书局. pp. 61–291.

See also

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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