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Help:IPA/Italian

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This page is about IPA for Standard Italian. For the help page regarding IPA for Italian dialects, seeHelp:IPA/Italian dialects.
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Italian on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Italian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Italian

The charts below show how theInternational Phonetic Alphabet represents pronunciations ofStandard Italian in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeeItalian phonology andItalian orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of standard Italian.

Consonants[1]
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
bbanca, ciboabout
ddove, idra,dadotoday
dzzaino, azalea, mezzo[2][3]dads
dʒgelo,giù, magiajob
ffatto, cifra,fonfast
ɡgatto, agro,ghetto,glicosio[4]again
kcosa, acuto, finché,quei,kiwi,koalascar
llato, tela, glicosio[4]ladder
ʎfigli,glielo, maglia[3]billion
mmano, amare[5]mother
ɱanfibio, invece[5]comfort
nnano, punto, pensare, mangiare[5]nest
ŋunghia, anche, dunque[5]sing
ɲgnocco, ogni[3][5]canyon
pprimo, ampio, aperturaspin
rRoma, quattro, morte[6]trilled r
ssano,scusa, presentire, pasto[7]sorry
ʃscena,scià, pesci[3]shoe
ttranne, mito, altrostar
tszio, sozzo, marzo[2][3]cats
tʃcerto,ciao, farmaciacheck
vvado, poverovent
zsbirro, presentare, asma[7]amazon
Non-native consonants
hhobby,hertz[8]house
θThatcher, Pérez[9]thing
xjota, Bach,khamsin[10]loch (Scottish English)
ʒFuji, garage, casualvision
Vowels[11]
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
aalto, saràfast (Scottish English)
evero, perchéfade
ɛetto, cioèbed
iviso, sì, ziaski
oombra, ottostory
ɔotto, saròoff
uusi, ragù, tuorule
Non-native vowels
øviveur, goethiano, Churchill[12]murder (RP)
yparure, brûlé, Führer[13]future (Scottish English)
 
Semivowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
jieri, saio, più,Jesiyes
wuova, guado, quiwine
 
Suprasegmentals
IPAExamplesExplanation
ˈCennini[tʃenˈniːni]primary stress
ˌaltamente[ˌaltaˈmente]secondary stress[14]
.continuo[konˈtiːnu.o]syllable break
ːprimo[ˈpriːmo]long vowel[15]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Except/z/, all consonants after a vowel and before/r/,/l/, a vowel or a semivowel may begeminated. Gemination in IPA is represented by doubling the consonant (fatto[ˈfatto],mezzo[ˈmɛddzo]), and can usually be told from orthography. After stressed vowels and certain prepositions and conjunctions, word-initial consonants also become geminated (syntactic gemination):vavia[ˌvavˈviːa].
  2. ^ab⟨z⟩ represents both/ts/ and/dz/. The article onItalian orthography explains how they are used.
  3. ^abcde/ts,dz,ʃ,ɲ,ʎ/ are alwaysgeminated after a vowel.
  4. ^ab⟨gli⟩ represents/ʎ/ or/ʎi/, except in roots of Greek origin, when preceded by another consonant, and in a few other words, where it represents/ɡli/.
  5. ^abcdeAnasal alwaysassimilates to theplace of articulation of the following consonant. It isbilabial[m] before/p,b,m/,labiodental[ɱ] before/f,v/,dental,alveolar orpostalveolar[n] before/t,d,ts,dz,tʃ,dʒ,ʃ,l,r/, andvelar[ŋ] before/k,ɡ/. Utterance-finally, it is always[n].
  6. ^Non-geminate/r/ is generally realised as a monovibrant trill or flap[ɾ], particularly in unstressed syllables.
  7. ^ab/s/ and/z/ contrast only intervocalically. Word-initially, after consonants, when geminated, and before voiceless consonants, only[s] is found. Before voiced consonants, only[z] is found.
  8. ^/h/ is usually dropped.
  9. ^/θ/ is usually pronounced as[t] inEnglish loanwords, and[dz],[ts] (if spelled⟨z⟩) or[s] (if spelled⟨c⟩ or⟨z⟩) inSpanish ones.
  10. ^In Spanish loanwords,/x/ is usually pronounced as[h] or[k] or dropped. InGerman,Arabic andRussian ones, it is usually pronounced[k].
  11. ^Italian contrasts sevenmonophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels/ɛ,ɔ/ can appear only if the syllable is stressed (coperto[koˈpɛrto],quota[ˈkwɔːta]), close-mid vowels/e,o/ are found elsewhere (Boccaccio[bokˈkattʃo],amore[aˈmoːre]). Close and open vowels/i,u,a/ are unchanged in unstressed syllables, but word-final unstressed/i/ may become approximant[j] before vowels, which is known assynalepha (pari età[ˌparjeˈta]).
  12. ^Open-mid[œ] or close-mid[ø] if it is stressed but usually[ø] if it is unstressed. May be replaced by[ɛ] (stressed) or[e] (stressed or unstressed).
  13. ^/y/ is often pronounced as[u] or [ju].
  14. ^Since Italian does not distinguishfull and reduced vowels (like the Englisho inconclusion vso innomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.
  15. ^Primarily stressed vowels are long in non-final open syllables:fato[ˈfaːto],fatto[ˈfatto].

Further reading

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External links

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Comparisons
Introductory guides
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