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Help:IPA/Hmong

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Hmong on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hmong in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Hmong

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsHmong language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The dialect used in this chart is bothWhite Hmong andGreen Hmong. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPARPAPahawhEnglish approximation
GreenWhite
cc𖬯Somewhat likejoke
ch𖬧Somewhat likechoke
dd𖬞𖬰ado
dh𖬞𖬵wide hearted
dl𖬭𖬰Somewhat like at last
tɬ̬dlh𖬭𖬵Somewhat like at last, but with extra clicky sound
ff𖬜𖬵five
ŋg𖬠𖬵sing
hh𖬟happy
hl𖬥clean
hm𖬣𖬵No English equivalent; voiceless[m]
m̥l̥hml𖬠𖬰No English equivalent
hn𖬩No English equivalent; voiceless[n]
ɲ̥hny𖬣𖬰No English equivalent; voiceless[ɲ]
kk*scope
kh𖬩𖬰cope
ll𖬞life
mm𖬦map
mlml𖬠hamlet
nn𖬬no
ɲɟnc𖬤𖬰and you
ɲɟʱnch𖬨No equivalent to English
ⁿdˡndl𖬭
ⁿdɮndlh𖬭𖬴No English equivalent
ŋɡnk𖬢finger
ŋkʰnkh𖬫𖬵incomplete
mbnp𖬨𖬵combine
mbʱnph𖬡𖬰No English equivalent, like abhor,but withprenasalization
mblnpl𖬫𖬰emblem
mbɮnplh𖬡𖬵No English equivalent
ɴɢnq𖬬𖬰No equivalent to English
ɴɢʱnqh𖬬𖬵No equivalent to English
ɳɖnr𖬜𖬰No English equivalent; somewhat like can drink
ɳʈʰnrh𖬨𖬰No equivalent to English; similar to control
ndnt𖬩𖬵endanger
ndʱnth𖬫wound him
ɳɖʐnts𖬝No English equivalent; somewhat like hinge
ᶯtʂʰntsh𖬯𖬰No English equivalent
ndzntx𖬢𖬰hands
ndzʱntxh𖬥𖬵hands holding
ɲny𖬮𖬵canyon
pp𖬪𖬵spin
ph𖬝𖬵pin
plpl𖬟𖬵Somewhat like apple
plh𖬪play
qq𖬦𖬵No equivalent to English; similar to sky
qh𖬣No equivalent to English; similar tocar
ʈr𖬡No equivalent to English
ʈʰrh𖬢𖬵No equivalent to English; similar totrough
ʂs𖬤𖬵Somewhat likeshoe
tt𖬧𖬵stool
th𖬟𖬰tool
tstx𖬯𖬵cats
tsʰtxh𖬦𖬰No English equivalent
ʈʂts𖬝𖬰Somewhat likeJune
ʈʂʰtsh𖬪𖬰Somewhat likechair
vv𖬜very
sx𖬮see
çxy𖬧𖬰hue
ʝy𖬤Similar toyes
ʐz𖬥𖬰Somewhat like vision
ʔ𖬮𖬰uh-oh!
Vowels
IPARPAPahawhEnglish approximation
Monophthongs
aa𖬖, 𖬗As in father
ee𖬈, 𖬉No equivalent to English; similar to play
ii𖬂, 𖬃see
ɨw𖬘, 𖬙roses
ɔo𖬒, 𖬓off
uu𖬆, 𖬇cool
Nasalized
ee𖬀, 𖬁Somewhat like sang
ãaa𖬚, 𖬛Somewhat like ran
ɔ̃oo𖬌, 𖬍Somewhat like song
Diphthongs
aiai𖬊, 𖬋hi
ia𖬔, 𖬕RP beer
aw𖬎, 𖬏Do not curl your tongue for the 'r' in per
auau𖬄, 𖬅how
ua𖬐, 𖬑truant,elided into a single syllable
Hmong Tone Indications
IPAToneOrthographic Spelling (Example)
pɔ́Highpob ('ball')
pɔ̰Creakypom ('see')
pɔ̂High fallingpoj ('female')
pɔ̌Mid risingpov ('throw')
pɔ̄Midpo ('spleen')
pɔ̀Lowpos ('thorn')
pɔ̤Low falling breathypog ('grandmother')
pɔ̰̌Falling risingpod (no meaning(for now))

Notes

[edit]
  • ^*⟨k⟩ is only represented in RPA and not in Pahawh Hmong. For example, to writekeeb in RPA, you have to follow the order Consonant + Vowel + Tone (CVT), so it is K + ee + b = Keeb, but inPahawh Hmong, it is just Keeb "𖬀𖬶" (2nd-Stage Version).

References

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See also

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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