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Help:IPA/French

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<Help:IPA

This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of French on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of French in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of French
This help page includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, seeWikipedia Media help.

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsFrench language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

French has no word-levelstress so stress marks should not be used in transcribing French words. SeeFrench phonology andFrench orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of French.

Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
bbonⓘabout
ddeuxⓘ,grandeⓘ,Djiboutiⓘtoday
ffaireⓘ,vifⓘfestival
ɡgarçonⓘ,longueⓘagain
kcorpsⓘ,avecⓘ,quandⓘ,Irakⓘsky
llaisserⓘ,possibleⓘ,seulⓘ,villeⓘlaw
mmêmeⓘmoo
nnousⓘ,bonneⓘno
ɲgagnerⓘ,champagneⓘ[note 1]canyon
ŋcampingⓘ,funkⓘ[note 2]camping
ppèreⓘ,groupeⓘspy
ʁregarderⓘ,nôtreⓘ[note 3]Scottish English loch,butvoiced;Northumbrian burr
ssansⓘ,çaⓘ,assezⓘ,soixanteⓘ,sixⓘsir
ʃchanceⓘ,tchèqueⓘshoe
ttoutⓘ,théⓘ,tchèqueⓘsty
vvousⓘ,wagon, neuf heuresvein
zzéroⓘ,raisonⓘ,choseⓘ,deuxièmeⓘzeal
ʒjamaisⓘ,visageⓘ,Djiboutiⓘmeasure
Semivowels
jfiefⓘ,payerⓘ,filleⓘ,travailⓘ,hierⓘyet
wouiⓘ,loiⓘ,moyenⓘ,web,whiskywet
ɥhuitⓘ,Puyⓘbetweenwetandyet
Vowels
Oral vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
apatte, là, femmetrap
ɑpâte, glas[note 4]father
eclé,et, les, chez, aller, pied, journéemace
ɛbaie, faite, mettre, renne, crème, peine, violetbest
ɛːfête, maître, reine, reître, caisse, presse, Levesque[note 4]fairy
əreposer, monsieur, faisons[note 5]again(oftenelided, seee muet)
isi,île, régie, pays, fils[note 6]seat
œsœur, jeunebird(RP)
øceux, jeûner, queueburn(RP), GermanÖsterreich
osaut, haut, bureau, chose, tôt, cônestory
ɔsort, minimum, pommeoff
ucoup, roue[note 6]pool
ytu, sûr, rue[note 6]roughly like tooin some dialects such asAustralian;[note 7] somewhat like cutein other dialects;Germanüber
Nasal vowels
ɑ̃sans, champ, vent, temps, Jean, taonroughly like song
ɛ̃vin,impair, pain, daim, plein, Reims, synthèse, sympathique, bienroughly like hangor Spanishángel
œ̃unⓘ,parfumⓘ[note 4]roughly like non-rhotic burn;nasalized[œ]
ɔ̃son, nomroughly like Australian drawn
Suprasegmentals
IPAExampleDescription
.paysⓘ[pe.i][note 8]syllable boundary
‿un hommeⓘ[œ̃.n‿ɔm],
grand-oncleⓘ[ɡʁɑ̃t‿ɔ̃kl]		liaison

See also

Notes

  1. ^InEuropean French,/ɲ/ is merging with/nj/, but inQuebec,/ɲ/ is distinguished from/nj/.
  2. ^In European French,/ŋ/ is often pronounced[ŋɡ]. In Quebec, some speakers merge it with/ɲ/ and some speakers pronounce it exactly as in English.
  3. ^The Frenchrhotic/ʁ/ is usuallyguttural (uvular), but it varies by region. For example, in Quebec,[ʁ],[r], and[ʀ] are all used, but nowadays, most speakers use[ʁ]. This sound may also bedevoiced to[χ] in certain contexts; seeFrench phonology § Consonants for details.
  4. ^abcInParisian French,/œ̃/ is usually merged with/ɛ̃/,/ɑ/ is often merged with/a/, and/ɛː/ is normally merged with/ɛ/. These pairs are always distinguished inNorthern,Belgian,Swiss, andQuebec French.
  5. ^InMetropolitan French, while/ə/ is phonologically distinct, its phonetic quality tends to coincide with either/ø/ or/œ/.
  6. ^abcIn Quebec,/i/,/u/, and/y/ may belaxed before a consonant to[ɪ],[ʊ], and[ʏ], e.g.For more details, seeQuebec French phonology § Vowels.
  7. ^More dialects includeNew Zealand, most accents ofSouthern England (includingMulticultural London,Cockney,Estuary and modernReceived Pronunciation),Scouse,Mancunian,Scottish,Ulster,Southern American,Midland American,Philadelphia,Baltimore, and youngerCalifornian.
  8. ^The syllable break ⟨.⟩ is used sparingly.
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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