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Help:IPA/Basque

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Basque on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Basque in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Basque

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsBasque language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeeBasque dialects for a more thorough discussion of regional variation.

Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
bbatbest
βalaba[1]between babyand bevy
ckuttunskew
ddoadead
ðadar[1]this
fforuface
ɡgauakgot
ɣhego[1]betweengoldand ahold
hhamar[2]hot
jjakintsu[3]you
ɟonddoargue
kkescan
llagunlean
ʎzailenakmillion
mmaixumother
nnaharoneed
ɲikurrina,ñaka[4]canyon
ppiztuspouse
rurre[5]Spanishrojo
ʁFrenchParis
ɾzauriAmerican English atom
s̻zeru[6]sip[6]
s̺usobetweensipandship (retracted),European Spanishhostia[6]
ʃxeheship[6]
ttaldestand
ts̻aitzincats, pizza[6]
ts̺urretsubetween catsand catch (retracted),Serbo-Croatianbiće[6]
tʃtximistcatch[6]
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
agelafather
eederbed
iniresee
oahobore
uhirucool
yhirü[7]roughly like cute


Diphthongs
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
aibaieye
oidoinuboy
eileihoray
auhauhouse
eueuriroughly like goin some dialects of English[8];Italian / SpanishEuropa
Suprasegmentals
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
.gauak[ɡau.ak]moai
ˈeuskara[eusˈkaɾa][9]recycle (primary stress)
ˌ[example needed][10]motorcycle (secondary stress)

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcLenition of/bdg/ occurs in regular speech in mostSouthern Basque dialects.Hualde (1991:99-100).
  2. ^Silent inSouthern Basque dialects.
  3. ^The realisation of thegraphemej varies depending on dialect and can be[j,ʝ,ɟ,dʒ,ʒ,ʃ,χ]. The last, resemblingScottish Englishloch, is typical ofGipuzkoan, and it has also become common in eastern varieties ofBiscayan and the Sakana variety of theUpper Navarrese. However, the standard pronunciation ruled byEuskaltzaindia is[j], and is the one followed in this help.
  4. ^Euskaltzaindia."Ñ Letra". Retrieved4 January 2024.
  5. ^The doublerr is pronounced as atrill[r] inSouthern Basque dialects but is often aguttural[ʁ] inNorthern Basque dialects, especially among younger speakers.Trask (1978:77)Egurtzegi & Carignan (2020:2794, 2800).
  6. ^abcdefgBasque contrasts two consonants that sound similar to the/s/ of Englishː/s̻/, which islaminal, and/s̺/, which isapical./ts̻/ and/ts̺/ are contrasted the same way. The contrast between/s̻,ts̻/,/s̺,ts̺/ and/ʃ,tʃ/ is similar to the contrast between/s,ts/,/ʂ,tʂ/ and/ɕ,tɕ/ inPolish.
  7. ^Only occurring inSouletin.
  8. ^These dialects includeSouthern England (includingReceived Pronunciation),English Midlands,Australian,New Zealand, theSouthern American,Midland American,Philadelphia,Baltimore,Western Pennsylvania and youngerCalifornian English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms ofAmerican English,Northern England English,Welsh English,Scottish English andIrish English, have no close equiavalent vowel.
  9. ^Stress in Basque is complex and varies between regions, theEuskaltzaindia broadly recommends high-pitched weak stress on the second syllable of a syntagma.
  10. ^Secondary stress is low-pitched and weaker than primary stress, with the recommendation being for it to be the last syllable broadly speaking.

References

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See also

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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