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Help:Displaying a formula

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wikipedia help page about displaying math formulas

"WP:MATH" redirects here. For other uses, seeWP:MATH (disambiguation).

This help page is ahow-to guide.

It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one ofWikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels ofconsensus.

Shortcuts

This screenshot shows the formulaE =mc‹ThetemplateSmallsup is beingconsidered for deletion.› ² being edited usingVisualEditor. The window is opened by typing "<math>" in VisualEditor. The visual editor shows a button that allows to choose one of three offered modes to display a formula.

There are three methods fordisplaying formulas in Wikipedia: rawHTML, HTML withmath templates (abbreviated here as{{math}}), and a subset ofLaTeX implemented with theHTML markup<math></math> (referred to asLaTeX in this article). Each method has some advantages and some disadvantages, which have evolved over time with improvements to theMediaWiki software. TheManual of Style Mathematics has not always evolved accordingly. So the how-to recommendations that appear below may differ from those of the Manual of Style. In this case, they express aconsensus resulting of the practice of the most experienced members ofWikiProject Mathematics and many discussions atWikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics.

For example, the famousEinstein formula can be entered in raw HTML as{{nowrap|''E''{{=}}''mc''<sup>2</sup>}}, which is rendered asE =mc² (the template{{nowrap}} is used here only for avoiding a line break inside the formula). With{{math}}, it can be entered as{{math|''E''{{=}}''mc''{{sup|2}}}}, which is rendered asE =mc². With LaTeX, it is entered as<math>E=mc^2</math>, and rendered as $E=mc^{2}$ .

LaTeX syntax	LaTeX rendering	HTML syntax	HTML rendering
`<math>\alpha</math>`	$\alpha$	`{{math\|''α''}}` or `{{mvar\|α}}`	α or α
`<math>f(x) = x^2</math>`	$f(x)=x^{2}$	`{{math\|1=''f''(''x'') =''x''<sup>2</sup>}}`	f(x) =x²
`<math>\{1,e,\pi\}</math>`	$\{1,e,\pi \}$	`{{math\|{{mset\|1,''e'',''π''}}}}`	{1,e,π}
`<math>\|z\|\leq 2</math>`	$\|z\|\leq 2$	`{{math\|{{abs\|''z''}}≤ 2}}`	\|z\| ≤ 2

HTML syntax	Rendering
α β γ δ ε ζη θ ι κ λ μ νξ ο π ρ σ &sigmaf;τ υ φ χ ψ ω	α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ ΠΣ Φ Ψ Ω	Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω
∫ ∑ ∏ − ± ∞≈ &prop; = &equiv; ≠ ≤ ≥× · ⋅ ÷ ∂ ′ ″∇ &permil; ° &there4; ∅	∫ ∑ ∏ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ = ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ × · ⋅ ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ∅
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ &sube; &supe;¬ &and; &or; ∃ ∀⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ ↓&alefsym; - – —	∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ ↓ ℵ - – —

x²	x₃	x² ₁
`x<sup>2</sup>`	`x<sub>3</sub>`	`x{{su\|b=1\|p=2\|lh=1}}`

Accents and diacritics [edit]
`\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a}`	${\dot {a}},{\ddot {a}},{\acute {a}},{\grave {a}}$
`\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a}`	${\check {a}},{\breve {a}},{\tilde {a}},{\bar {a}}$
`\hat{a}, \widehat{a}, \vec{a}`	${\hat {a}},{\widehat {a}},{\vec {a}}$
Standard numerical functions [edit]
`\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m`	$\exp _{a}b=a^{b},\exp b=e^{b},10^{m}$
`\ln c = \log c, \lg d = \log_{10} d`	$\ln c=\log c,\lg d=\log _{10}d$
`\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec f, \csc g`	$\sin a,\cos b,\tan c,\cot d,\sec f,\csc g$
`\arcsin h, \arccos i, \arctan j`	$\arcsin h,\arccos i,\arctan j$
`\sinh k, \cosh l, \tanh m, \coth n`	$\sinh k,\cosh l,\tanh m,\coth n$
`\operatorname{sh}k, \operatorname{ch}l, \operatorname{th}m, \operatorname{coth}n`	$\operatorname {sh} k,\operatorname {ch} l,\operatorname {th} m,\operatorname {coth} n$
`\operatorname{argsh}o, \operatorname{argch}p, \operatorname{argth}q`	$\operatorname {argsh} o,\operatorname {argch} p,\operatorname {argth} q$
`\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert`	$\operatorname {sgn} r,\left\vert s\right\vert$
`\min(x,y), \max(x,y)`	$\min(x,y),\max(x,y)$
Bounds [edit]
`\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t`	$\min x,\max y,\inf s,\sup t$
`\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w`	$\lim u,\liminf v,\limsup w$
`\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi`	$\dim p,\deg q,\det m,\ker \phi$
`\injlim, \varinjlim, \projlim, \varprojlim`	$\injlim ,\varinjlim ,\projlim ,\varprojlim$
Projections [edit]
`\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z`	$\Pr j,\hom l,\lVert z\rVert ,\arg z$
Differentials and derivatives [edit]
`dt,\mathrm{d}t,\partial t,\nabla\psi`	$dt,\mathrm {d} t,\partial t,\nabla \psi$
`dy/dx,\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x,\frac{dy}{dx},\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}`	$dy/dx,\mathrm {d} y/\mathrm {d} x,{\frac {dy}{dx}},{\frac {\mathrm {d} y}{\mathrm {d} x}}$
`\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_1\partial x_2}y,\left.\frac{\partial^3 f}{\partial^2 x\partial y}\right\vert_{p_0}`	${\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x_{1}\partial x_{2}}}y,\left.{\frac {\partial ^{3}f}{\partial ^{2}x\partial y}}\right\vert _{p_{0}}$
`\prime,\backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)},\dot y,\ddot y`	$\prime ,\backprime ,f^{\prime },f',f'',f^{(3)}\!,{\dot {y}},{\ddot {y}}$
Letter-like symbols or constants [edit]
`\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar, \N, \R, \Z, \C, \Q`	$\infty ,\aleph ,\complement ,\backepsilon ,\eth ,\Finv ,\hbar ,\mathbb {N} ,\mathbb {R} ,\mathbb {Z} ,\mathbb {C} ,\mathbb {Q}$
`\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS, \S, \P, \AA`	$\Im ,\imath ,\jmath ,\Bbbk ,\ell ,\mho ,\wp ,\Re ,\circledS ,\S ,\P ,\mathrm {\AA}$
Modular arithmetic [edit]
`s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}`	$s_{k}\equiv 0{\pmod {m}}$
`a \bmod b`	$a{\bmod {b}}$
`\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)`	$\gcd(m,n),\operatorname {lcm} (m,n)$
`\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid`	$\mid ,\nmid ,\shortmid ,\nshortmid$
Radicals [edit]
`\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{2}, \sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3+y^3}{2}}`	$\surd ,{\sqrt {2}},{\sqrt[{n}]{2}},{\sqrt[{3}]{\frac {x^{3}+y^{3}}{2}}}$
Operators [edit]
`+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus`	$+,-,\pm ,\mp ,\dotplus$
`\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash`	$\times ,\div ,\divideontimes ,/,\backslash$
`\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet`	$\cdot ,*\ast ,\star ,\circ ,\bullet$
`\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot`	$\boxplus ,\boxminus ,\boxtimes ,\boxdot$
`\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot`	$\oplus ,\ominus ,\otimes ,\oslash ,\odot$
`\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast`	$\circleddash ,\circledcirc ,\circledast$
`\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot`	$\bigoplus ,\bigotimes ,\bigodot$
Sets [edit]
`\{ \}, \O \empty \emptyset, \varnothing`	$\{\},\emptyset \emptyset \emptyset ,\varnothing$
`\in, \notin \not\in, \ni, \not\ni`	$\in ,\notin \not \in ,\ni ,\not \ni$
`\cap, \Cap, \sqcap, \bigcap`	$\cap ,\Cap ,\sqcap ,\bigcap$
`\cup, \Cup, \sqcup, \bigcup, \bigsqcup, \uplus, \biguplus`	$\cup ,\Cup ,\sqcup ,\bigcup ,\bigsqcup ,\uplus ,\biguplus$
`\setminus, \smallsetminus, \times`	$\setminus ,\smallsetminus ,\times$
`\subset, \Subset, \sqsubset`	$\subset ,\Subset ,\sqsubset$
`\supset, \Supset, \sqsupset`	$\supset ,\Supset ,\sqsupset$
`\subseteq, \nsubseteq, \subsetneq, \varsubsetneq, \sqsubseteq`	$\subseteq ,\nsubseteq ,\subsetneq ,\varsubsetneq ,\sqsubseteq$
`\supseteq, \nsupseteq, \supsetneq, \varsupsetneq, \sqsupseteq`	$\supseteq ,\nsupseteq ,\supsetneq ,\varsupsetneq ,\sqsupseteq$
`\subseteqq, \nsubseteqq, \subsetneqq, \varsubsetneqq`	$\subseteqq ,\nsubseteqq ,\subsetneqq ,\varsubsetneqq$
`\supseteqq, \nsupseteqq, \supsetneqq, \varsupsetneqq`	$\supseteqq ,\nsupseteqq ,\supsetneqq ,\varsupsetneqq$
Relations [edit]
`=, \ne, \neq, \equiv, \not\equiv`	$=,\neq ,\neq ,\equiv ,\not \equiv$
`\doteq, \doteqdot,\mathrel{\overset{\underset\mathrm{def}{}}=},\mathrel{\stackrel\mathrm{def}=},:=`	$\doteq ,\doteqdot ,\mathrel {\overset {\underset {\mathrm {def} }{}}{=}} ,\mathrel {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}} ,:=$
`\sim, \nsim, \backsim, \thicksim, \simeq, \backsimeq, \eqsim, \cong, \ncong`	$\sim ,\nsim ,\backsim ,\thicksim ,\simeq ,\backsimeq ,\eqsim ,\cong ,\ncong$
`\approx, \thickapprox, \approxeq, \asymp, \propto, \varpropto`	$\approx ,\thickapprox ,\approxeq ,\asymp ,\propto ,\varpropto$
`<, \nless, \ll, \not\ll, \lll, \not\lll, \lessdot`	${\displaystyle<,\nless ,\ll ,\not \ll ,\lll ,\not \lll ,\lessdot }$
`>, \ngtr, \gg, \not\gg, \ggg, \not\ggg, \gtrdot`	$>,\ngtr ,\gg ,\not \gg ,\ggg ,\not \ggg ,\gtrdot$
`\le, \leq, \lneq, \leqq, \nleq, \nleqq, \lneqq, \lvertneqq`	$\leq ,\leq ,\lneq ,\leqq ,\nleq ,\nleqq ,\lneqq ,\lvertneqq$
`\ge, \geq, \gneq, \geqq, \ngeq, \ngeqq, \gneqq, \gvertneqq`	$\geq ,\geq ,\gneq ,\geqq ,\ngeq ,\ngeqq ,\gneqq ,\gvertneqq$
`\lessgtr, \lesseqgtr, \lesseqqgtr, \gtrless, \gtreqless, \gtreqqless`	$\lessgtr ,\lesseqgtr ,\lesseqqgtr ,\gtrless ,\gtreqless ,\gtreqqless$
`\leqslant, \nleqslant, \eqslantless`	$\leqslant ,\nleqslant ,\eqslantless$
`\geqslant, \ngeqslant, \eqslantgtr`	$\geqslant ,\ngeqslant ,\eqslantgtr$
`\lesssim, \lnsim, \lessapprox, \lnapprox`	$\lesssim ,\lnsim ,\lessapprox ,\lnapprox$
`\gtrsim, \gnsim, \gtrapprox, \gnapprox`	$\gtrsim ,\gnsim ,\gtrapprox ,\gnapprox$
`\prec, \nprec, \preceq, \npreceq, \precneqq`	$\prec ,\nprec ,\preceq ,\npreceq ,\precneqq$
`\succ, \nsucc, \succeq, \nsucceq, \succneqq`	$\succ ,\nsucc ,\succeq ,\nsucceq ,\succneqq$
`\preccurlyeq, \curlyeqprec`	$\preccurlyeq ,\curlyeqprec$
`\succcurlyeq, \curlyeqsucc`	$\succcurlyeq ,\curlyeqsucc$
`\precsim, \precnsim, \precapprox, \precnapprox`	$\precsim ,\precnsim ,\precapprox ,\precnapprox$
`\succsim, \succnsim, \succapprox, \succnapprox`	$\succsim ,\succnsim ,\succapprox ,\succnapprox$
Geometric [edit]
`\parallel, \nparallel, \shortparallel, \nshortparallel`	$\parallel ,\nparallel ,\shortparallel ,\nshortparallel$
`\perp, \angle, \sphericalangle, \measuredangle, 45^\circ` for degrees	$\perp ,\angle ,\sphericalangle ,\measuredangle ,45^{\circ }$
`\Box, \square, \blacksquare, \diamond, \Diamond, \lozenge, \blacklozenge, \bigstar`	$\Box ,\square ,\blacksquare ,\diamond ,\Diamond ,\lozenge ,\blacklozenge ,\bigstar$
`\bigcirc, \triangle, \bigtriangleup, \bigtriangledown`	$\bigcirc ,\triangle ,\bigtriangleup ,\bigtriangledown$
`\vartriangle, \triangledown`	$\vartriangle ,\triangledown$
`\blacktriangle, \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft, \blacktriangleright`	$\blacktriangle ,\blacktriangledown ,\blacktriangleleft ,\blacktriangleright$
Logic [edit]
`\forall, \exists, \nexists`	$\forall ,\exists ,\nexists$
`\therefore, \because, \And`	$\therefore ,\because ,\And$
`\lor, \vee, \curlyvee, \bigvee` don't use`\or` which is now deprecated	$\lor ,\vee ,\curlyvee ,\bigvee$
`\land, \wedge, \curlywedge, \bigwedge` don't use`\and` which is now deprecated	$\land ,\wedge ,\curlywedge ,\bigwedge$
`\lnot, \neg, \not\operatorname{R}, \bot, \top`	$\lnot ,\neg ,\not \operatorname {R} ,\bot ,\top$
`\vdash, \dashv, \vDash, \Vdash, \models`	$\vdash ,\dashv ,\vDash ,\Vdash ,\models$
`\Vvdash, \nvdash, \nVdash, \nvDash, \nVDash`	$\Vvdash ,\nvdash ,\nVdash ,\nvDash ,\nVDash$
`\ulcorner, \urcorner, \llcorner, \lrcorner`	$\ulcorner ,\urcorner ,\llcorner ,\lrcorner$
Arrows [edit]
`\Rrightarrow, \Lleftarrow`	$\Rrightarrow ,\Lleftarrow$
`\Rightarrow, \nRightarrow, \Longrightarrow, \implies`	$\Rightarrow ,\nRightarrow ,\Longrightarrow ,\implies$
`\Leftarrow, \nLeftarrow, \Longleftarrow`	$\Leftarrow ,\nLeftarrow ,\Longleftarrow$
`\Leftrightarrow, \nLeftrightarrow, \Longleftrightarrow, \iff`	$\Leftrightarrow ,\nLeftrightarrow ,\Longleftrightarrow ,\iff$
`\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Updownarrow`	$\Uparrow ,\Downarrow ,\Updownarrow$
`\rightarrow, \to, \nrightarrow, \longrightarrow`	$\rightarrow ,\to ,\nrightarrow ,\longrightarrow$
`\leftarrow, \gets, \nleftarrow, \longleftarrow`	$\leftarrow ,\gets ,\nleftarrow ,\longleftarrow$
`\leftrightarrow, \nleftrightarrow, \longleftrightarrow`	$\leftrightarrow ,\nleftrightarrow ,\longleftrightarrow$
`\uparrow, \downarrow, \updownarrow`	$\uparrow ,\downarrow ,\updownarrow$
`\nearrow, \swarrow, \nwarrow, \searrow`	$\nearrow ,\swarrow ,\nwarrow ,\searrow$
`\mapsto, \longmapsto`	$\mapsto ,\longmapsto$
`\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons`	$\rightharpoonup ,\rightharpoondown ,\leftharpoonup ,\leftharpoondown ,\upharpoonleft ,\upharpoonright ,\downharpoonleft ,\downharpoonright ,\rightleftharpoons ,\leftrightharpoons$
`\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \rightarrowtail \looparrowright`	$\curvearrowleft ,\circlearrowleft ,\Lsh ,\upuparrows ,\rightrightarrows ,\rightleftarrows ,\rightarrowtail ,\looparrowright$
`\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft`	$\curvearrowright ,\circlearrowright ,\Rsh ,\downdownarrows ,\leftleftarrows ,\leftrightarrows ,\leftarrowtail ,\looparrowleft$
`\hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow`	$\hookrightarrow ,\hookleftarrow ,\multimap ,\leftrightsquigarrow ,\rightsquigarrow ,\twoheadrightarrow ,\twoheadleftarrow$
Special [edit]
`\amalg \P \S \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \vdots \ddots`	$\amalg \P \S \%\dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \vdots \ddots$
`\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright`	$\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright$
`\diamondsuit, \heartsuit, \clubsuit, \spadesuit, \Game, \flat, \natural, \sharp`	$\diamondsuit ,\heartsuit ,\clubsuit ,\spadesuit ,\Game ,\flat ,\natural ,\sharp$
Unsorted (new stuff) [edit]
`\diagup \diagdown \centerdot \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes`	$\diagup ,\diagdown ,\centerdot ,\ltimes ,\rtimes ,\leftthreetimes ,\rightthreetimes$
`\eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \bumpeq \Bumpeq \doteqdot \risingdotseq \fallingdotseq`	$\eqcirc ,\circeq ,\triangleq ,\bumpeq ,\Bumpeq ,\doteqdot ,\risingdotseq ,\fallingdotseq$
`\intercal \barwedge \veebar \doublebarwedge \between \pitchfork`	$\intercal ,\barwedge ,\veebar ,\doublebarwedge ,\between ,\pitchfork$
`\vartriangleleft \ntriangleleft \vartriangleright \ntriangleright`	$\vartriangleleft ,\ntriangleleft ,\vartriangleright ,\ntriangleright$
`\trianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq`	$\trianglelefteq ,\ntrianglelefteq ,\trianglerighteq ,\ntrianglerighteq$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Superscript	`a^2, a^{x+3}`	$a^{2},a^{x+3}$
Subscript	`a_2`	$a_{2}$
Grouping	`10^{30} a^{2+2}`	$10^{30}a^{2+2}$
Grouping	`a_{i,j} b_{f'}`	$a_{i,j}b_{f'}$
Combining sub & super without and with horizontal separation	`x_2^3`	$x_{2}^{3}$
	`{x_2}^3`	${x_{2}}^{3}$
Super super	`10^{10^{8}}`	$10^{10^{8}}$
Preceding and/or additional sub & super	`\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b`	$\sideset {_{1}^{2}}{_{3}^{4}}\prod _{a}^{b}$
Preceding and/or additional sub & super	`{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4`	${}_{1}^{2}\!\Omega _{3}^{4}$
Stacking	`\overset{\alpha}{\omega}`	${\overset {\alpha }{\omega }}$
	`\underset{\alpha}{\omega}`	${\underset {\alpha }{\omega }}$
	`\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}`	${\overset {\alpha }{\underset {\gamma }{\omega }}}$
	`\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}`	${\stackrel {\alpha }{\omega }}$
Derivatives	`x', y'', f', f''`	$x^{'}, y^{″}, f^{'}, f^{″} {\displaystyle x',y'',f',f''}$
Derivatives	`x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}`	$x^{\prime },y^{\prime \prime }$
Derivative dots	`\dot{x},\ddot{x}`	${\dot {x}},{\ddot {x}}$
Underlines, overlines, vectors	`\hat a\\bar b\\vec c`	${\hat {a}}\ {\bar {b}}\ {\vec {c}}$
	`\overrightarrow{a b}\\overleftarrow{c d}\\widehat{d e f}`	${\overrightarrow {ab}}\ {\overleftarrow {cd}}\ {\widehat {def}}$
	`\overline{g h i}\\underline{j k l}`	${\overline {ghi}}\ {\underline {jkl}}$
Arc (workaround)	`\overset{\frown}{AB}`	${\overset {\frown }{AB}}$
Arrows	`A\xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B\xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C`	$A{\xleftarrow {n+\mu -1}}B{\xrightarrow[{T}]{n\pm i-1}}C$
Overbraces	`\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100}^{5050}`	$\overbrace {1+2+\cdots +100} ^{5050}$
Underbraces	`\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z}_{26}`	$\underbrace {a+b+\cdots +z} _{26}$
Sum	`\sum_{k=1}^N k^2`	$\sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}$
Sum (force `\textstyle`)	`\textstyle\sum_{k=1}^N k^2`	$\textstyle \sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}$
Sum in a fraction (default`\textstyle`)	`\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}`	${\frac {\sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}}{a}}$
Sum in a fraction (force`\displaystyle`)	`\frac{\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}`	${\frac {\displaystyle \sum _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}}{a}}$
Sum in a fraction (alternative limits style)	`\frac{\sum\limits^{N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}`	${\frac {\sum \limits _{k=1}^{N}k^{2}}{a}}$
Product	`\prod_{i=1}^N x_i`	$\prod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
Product (force `\textstyle`)	`\textstyle\prod_{i=1}^N x_i`	$\textstyle \prod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
Coproduct	`\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i`	$\coprod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
Coproduct (force `\textstyle`)	`\textstyle\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i`	$\textstyle \coprod _{i=1}^{N}x_{i}$
Limit	`\lim_{n\to\infty}x_n`	$\lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}$
Limit (force `\textstyle`)	`\textstyle\lim_{n\to\infty}x_n`	$\textstyle \lim _{n\to \infty }x_{n}$
Integral	`\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx`	$\int \limits _{1}^{3}{\frac {e^{3}/x}{x^{2}}}\,dx$
Integral (alternative limits style)	`\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx`	$\int _{1}^{3}{\frac {e^{3}/x}{x^{2}}}\,dx$
Integral (force `\textstyle`)	`\textstyle\int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x dx`	$\textstyle \int \limits _{-N}^{N}e^{x}dx$
Integral (force `\textstyle`, alternative limits style)	`\textstyle\int_{-N}^{N} e^x dx`	$\textstyle \int _{-N}^{N}e^{x}dx$
Double integral	`\iint\limits_D dx\,dy`	$\iint \limits _{D}dx\,dy$
Triple integral	`\iiint\limits_E dx\,dy\,dz`	$\iiint \limits _{E}dx\,dy\,dz$
Quadruple integral	`\iiiint\limits_F dx\,dy\,dz\,dt`	$\iiiint \limits _{F}dx\,dy\,dz\,dt$
Line or path integral	`\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy`	$\int _{(x,y)\in C}x^{3}\,dx+4y^{2}\,dy$
Closed line or path integral	`\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy`	$\oint _{(x,y)\in C}x^{3}\,dx+4y^{2}\,dy$
Intersections	`\bigcap_{i=1}^n E_i`	$\bigcap _{i=1}^{n}E_{i}$
Unions	`\bigcup_{i=1}^n E_i`	$\bigcup _{i=1}^{n}E_{i}$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Fractions	`\frac{2}{4}=0.5` or`{2\over 4}=0.5`	${\frac {2}{4}}=0.5$
Small fractions (force`\textstyle`)	`\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5`	${\tfrac {2}{4}}=0.5$
Large (normal) fractions (force`\displaystyle`)	`\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5\qquad\dfrac{2}{c +\dfrac{2}{d +\dfrac{2}{4}}} = a`	${\dfrac {2}{4}}=0.5\qquad {\dfrac {2}{c+{\dfrac {2}{d+{\dfrac {2}{4}}}}}}=a$
Large (nested) fractions	`\cfrac{2}{c +\cfrac{2}{d +\cfrac{2}{4}}} = a`	${\cfrac {2}{c+{\cfrac {2}{d+{\cfrac {2}{4}}}}}}=a$
Cancellations in fractions	`\cfrac{x}{1 +\cfrac{\cancel{y}}{\cancel{y}}} =\cfrac{x}{2}`	${\cfrac {x}{1+{\cfrac {\cancel {y}}{\cancel {y}}}}}={\cfrac {x}{2}}$
Binomial coefficients	`\binom{n}{k}`	${\binom {n}{k}}$
Small binomial coefficients (force`\textstyle`)	`\tbinom{n}{k}`	${\tbinom {n}{k}}$
Large (normal) binomial coefficients (force`\displaystyle`)	`\dbinom{n}{k}`	${\dbinom {n}{k}}$
Matrices	\begin{matrix}-x& y\\z& -v\end{matrix}	${\begin{matrix}-x&y\\z&-v\end{matrix}}$
	\begin{vmatrix}-x& y\\z& -v\end{vmatrix}	${\begin{vmatrix}-x&y\\z&-v\end{vmatrix}}$
	\begin{Vmatrix}-x& y\\z& -v\end{Vmatrix}	${\begin{Vmatrix}-x&y\\z&-v\end{Vmatrix}}$
	\begin{bmatrix}0&\cdots& 0\\\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\0&\cdots& 0\end{bmatrix}	${\begin{bmatrix}0&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&\cdots &0\end{bmatrix}}$
	\begin{Bmatrix}x& y\\z& v\end{Bmatrix}	${\begin{Bmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{Bmatrix}}$
	\begin{pmatrix}x& y\\z& v\end{pmatrix}	${\begin{pmatrix}x&y\\z&v\end{pmatrix}}$
	\bigl(\begin{smallmatrix}a&b\\ c&d\end{smallmatrix}\bigr)	${\bigl (}{\begin{smallmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{smallmatrix}}{\bigr )}$
Case distinctions	f(n) =\begin{cases}n/2,&\text{if}n\text{ is even}\\3n+1,&\text{if}n\text{ is odd}\end{cases}	$f(n)={\begin{cases}n/2,&{\text{if }}n{\text{ is even}}\\3n+1,&{\text{if }}n{\text{ is odd}}\end{cases}}$
Simultaneous equations	\begin{cases}3x + 5y + z\\7x - 2y + 4z\\-6x + 3y + 2z\end{cases}	${\begin{cases}3x+5y+z\\7x-2y+4z\\-6x+3y+2z\end{cases}}$
Multiline equations	\begin{align}f(x)& = (a+b)^2\\& = a^2+2ab+b^2\\\end{align}	${\begin{aligned}f(x)&=(a+b)^{2}\\&=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2}\\\end{aligned}}$
Multiline equations	\begin{alignat}{2}f(x)& = (a-b)^2\\& = a^2-2ab+b^2\\\end{alignat}	${\begin{alignedat}{2}f(x)&=(a-b)^{2}\\&=a^{2}-2ab+b^{2}\\\end{alignedat}}$
Multiline equations with multiple alignments per row	\begin{align}f(a,b)& = (a+b)^2&& = (a+b)(a+b)\\& = a^2+ab+ba+b^2&& = a^2+2ab+b^2\\\end{align}	${\begin{aligned}f(a,b)&=(a+b)^{2}&&=(a+b)(a+b)\\&=a^{2}+ab+ba+b^{2}&&=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2}\\\end{aligned}}$
Multiline equations with multiple alignments per row	\begin{alignat}{3}f(a,b)& = (a+b)^2&& = (a+b)(a+b)\\& = a^2+ab+ba+b^2&& = a^2+2ab+b^2\\\end{alignat}	${\begin{alignedat}{3}f(a,b)&=(a+b)^{2}&&=(a+b)(a+b)\\&=a^{2}+ab+ba+b^{2}&&=a^{2}+2ab+b^{2}\\\end{alignedat}}$
Multiline equations(must define number of columns used ({lcl})) (should not be used unless needed)	\begin{array}{lcl}z& =& a\\f(x,y,z)& =& x + y + z\end{array}	${\begin{array}{lcl}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}$
Multiline equations (more)	\begin{array}{lcr}z& =& a\\f(x,y,z)& =& x + y + z\end{array}	${\begin{array}{lcr}z&=&a\\f(x,y,z)&=&x+y+z\end{array}}$
Multiline alignment using`&` to left align (top example) versus`&&` to right align (bottom example) the last column	\begin{alignat}{4}F:\;&& C(X)&&\;\to\;& C(X)\\&& g&&\;\mapsto\;& g^2\end{alignat} \begin{alignat}{4}F:\;&& C(X)&&\;\to\;&& C(X)\\&& g&&\;\mapsto\;&& g^2\end{alignat}	${\begin{alignedat}{4}F:\;&&C(X)&&\;\to \;&C(X)\\&&g&&\;\mapsto \;&g^{2}\end{alignedat}}$ ${\begin{alignedat}{4}F:\;&&C(X)&&\;\to \;&&C(X)\\&&g&&\;\mapsto \;&&g^{2}\end{alignedat}}$
Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary (this sometimes requires workarounds for correct spacing)	The function <math>f</math> is defined by<math>f(x) ={}</math><math display=inline>\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n ={}</math><math>a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots.</math>	The function $f {\displaystyle f}$ is defined by $f(x)={}$ ${\textstyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}x^{n}={}}$ $a_{0}+a_{1}x+a_{2}x^{2}+\cdots .$
Arrays	\begin{array}{\|c\|c\|c\|} a& b& S\\\hline0& 0& 1\\0& 1& 1\\1& 0& 1\\1& 1& 0\\\end{array}	${\begin{array}{\|c\|c\|c\|}a&b&S\\\hline 0&0&1\\0&1&1\\1&0&1\\1&1&0\\\end{array}}$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Bad ✗	`(\frac{1}{2} )^n`	$({\frac {1}{2}})^{n}$
Good ✓	`\left (\frac{1}{2}\right )^n`	$\left({\frac {1}{2}}\right)^{n}$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Parentheses	`\left (\frac{a}{b}\right )`	$\left({\frac {a}{b}}\right)$
Brackets	`\left [\frac{a}{b}\right ]\quad` `\left\lbrack\frac{a}{b}\right\rbrack`	$\left[{\frac {a}{b}}\right]\quad \left\lbrack {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rbrack$
Braces	`\left\{\frac{a}{b}\right\}\quad` `\left\lbrace\frac{a}{b}\right\rbrace`	$\left\{{\frac {a}{b}}\right\}\quad \left\lbrace {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rbrace$
Angle brackets	`\left\langle\frac{a}{b}\right\rangle`	$\left\langle {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rangle$
Bars and double bars	`\left \|\frac{a}{b}\right\vert\quad` `\left\Vert\frac{c}{d}\right\\|`	$\left\|{\frac {a}{b}}\right\vert \quad \left\Vert {\frac {c}{d}}\right\\|$
Floor and ceiling functions:	`\left\lfloor\frac{a}{b}\right\rfloor\quad` `\left\lceil\frac{c}{d}\right\rceil`	$\left\lfloor {\frac {a}{b}}\right\rfloor \quad \left\lceil {\frac {c}{d}}\right\rceil$
Slashes and backslashes	`\left /\frac{a}{b}\right\backslash`	$\left/{\frac {a}{b}}\right\backslash$
Up, down, and up-down arrows	`\left\uparrow\frac{a}{b}\right\downarrow\quad` `\left\Uparrow\frac{a}{b}\right\Downarrow\quad` `\left\updownarrow\frac{a}{b}\right\Updownarrow`	$\left\uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\downarrow \quad \left\Uparrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Downarrow \quad \left\updownarrow {\frac {a}{b}}\right\Updownarrow$
Delimiters can be mixed, as long as \left and \right match	`\left [ 0,1\right )` `\left\langle\psi\right \|`	$\left[0,1\right)$ $\left\langle \psi \right\|$
Use \left. and \right. if you do not want a delimiter to appear	`\left .\frac{A}{B}\right\}\to X`	$\left.{\frac {A}{B}}\right\}\to X$
Size of the delimiters (add "l" or "r" to indicate the side for proper spacing)	`(\bigl(\Bigl(\biggl(\Biggl(\dots\Biggr]\biggr]\Bigr]\bigr] ]`	$({\bigl (}{\Bigl (}{\biggl (}{\Biggl (}\dots {\Biggr ]}{\biggr ]}{\Bigr ]}{\bigr ]}]$
	`\{\bigl\{\Bigl\{\biggl\{\Biggl\{\dots` `\Biggr\rangle\biggr\rangle\Bigr\rangle\bigr\rangle\rangle`	$\{{\bigl \{}{\Bigl \{}{\biggl \{}{\Biggl \{}\dots {\Biggr \rangle }{\biggr \rangle }{\Bigr \rangle }{\bigr \rangle }\rangle$
	`\\|\big\\|\Big\\|\bigg\\|\Bigg\\|\dots\Bigg\|\bigg\|\Big\|\big\| \|`	$\\|{\big \\|}{\Big \\|}{\bigg \\|}{\Bigg \\|}\dots {\Bigg \|}{\bigg \|}{\Big \|}{\big \|}\|$
	`\lfloor\bigl\lfloor\Bigl\lfloor\biggl\lfloor\Biggl\lfloor\dots` `\Biggr\rceil\biggr\rceil\Bigr\rceil\bigr\rceil\ceil`	$\lfloor {\bigl \lfloor }{\Bigl \lfloor }{\biggl \lfloor }{\Biggl \lfloor }\dots {\Biggr \rceil }{\biggr \rceil }{\Bigr \rceil }{\bigr \rceil }\rceil$
	`\uparrow\big\uparrow\Big\uparrow\bigg\uparrow\Bigg\uparrow\dots` `\Bigg\Downarrow\bigg\Downarrow\Big\Downarrow\big\Downarrow\Downarrow`	$\uparrow {\big \uparrow }{\Big \uparrow }{\bigg \uparrow }{\Bigg \uparrow }\dots {\Bigg \Downarrow }{\bigg \Downarrow }{\Big \Downarrow }{\big \Downarrow }\Downarrow$
	`\updownarrow\big\updownarrow\Big\updownarrow\bigg\updownarrow\Bigg\updownarrow\dots` `\Bigg\Updownarrow\bigg\Updownarrow\Big\Updownarrow\big\Updownarrow\Updownarrow`	$\updownarrow {\big \updownarrow }{\Big \updownarrow }{\bigg \updownarrow }{\Bigg \updownarrow }\dots {\Bigg \Updownarrow }{\bigg \Updownarrow }{\Big \Updownarrow }{\big \Updownarrow }\Updownarrow$
	`/\big/\Big/\bigg/\Bigg/\dots` `\Bigg\backslash\bigg\backslash\Big\backslash\big\backslash\backslash`	$/{\big /}{\Big /}{\bigg /}{\Bigg /}\dots {\Bigg \backslash }{\bigg \backslash }{\Big \backslash }{\big \backslash }\backslash$

Greek alphabet
`\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta`	$\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta$
`\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Omicron\Pi`	$\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \mathrm {O} \Pi$
`\Rho\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega`	$\mathrm {P} \Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega$
`\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta`	$\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta$
`\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\omicron\pi`	$\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \mathrm {o} \pi$
`\rho\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega`	$\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega$
`\varGamma\varDelta\varTheta\varLambda\varXi\varPi\varSigma\varPhi\varUpsilon\varOmega`	$\varGamma \varDelta \varTheta \varLambda \varXi \varPi \varSigma \varPhi \varUpsilon \varOmega$
`\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi`	$\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi \varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi$
Hebrew symbols
`\aleph\beth\gimel\daleth`	$\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth$
Blackboard bold/scripts
`\mathbb{ABCDEFGHI}`	$\mathbb {ABCDEFGHI}$
`\mathbb{JKLMNOPQR}`	$\mathbb {JKLMNOPQR}$
`\mathbb{STUVWXYZ}`	$\mathbb {STUVWXYZ}$
Boldface
`\mathbf{ABCDEFGHI}`	$\mathbf {ABCDEFGHI}$
`\mathbf{JKLMNOPQR}`	$\mathbf {JKLMNOPQR}$
`\mathbf{STUVWXYZ}`	$\mathbf {STUVWXYZ}$
`\mathbf{abcdefghijklm}`	$\mathbf {abcdefghijklm}$
`\mathbf{nopqrstuvwxyz}`	$\mathbf {nopqrstuvwxyz}$
`\mathbf{0123456789}`	$\mathbf {0123456789}$
Boldface (Greek)
`\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }}$
`\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Omicron\Pi}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \mathrm {O} \Pi }}$
`\boldsymbol{\Rho\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}`	${\boldsymbol {\mathrm {P} \Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }}$
`\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta}`	${\boldsymbol {\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta }}$
`\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\omicron\pi}`	${\boldsymbol {\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \mathrm {o} \pi }}$
`\boldsymbol{\rho\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega}`	${\boldsymbol {\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega }}$
`\boldsymbol{\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi}`	${\boldsymbol {\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi }}$
`\boldsymbol{\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi}`	${\boldsymbol {\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi }}$
Italics (default for Latin alphabet)
`\mathit{0123456789}`	${\mathit {0123456789}}$
Greek italics (default for lowercase Greek)
`\mathit{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}`	${\mathit {\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }}$
`\mathit{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Omicron\Pi}`	${\mathit {\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \mathrm {O} \Pi }}$
`\mathit{\Rho\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}`	${\mathit {\Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }}$
Greek uppercase boldface italics
`\boldsymbol{\varGamma\varDelta\varTheta\varLambda}`	${\boldsymbol {\varGamma \varDelta \varTheta \varLambda }}$
`\boldsymbol{\varXi\varPi\varSigma\varUpsilon\varOmega}`	${\boldsymbol {\varXi \varPi \varSigma \varUpsilon \varOmega }}$
Roman typeface
`\mathrm{ABCDEFGHI}`	$\mathrm {ABCDEFGHI}$
`\mathrm{JKLMNOPQR}`	$\mathrm {JKLMNOPQR}$
`\mathrm{STUVWXYZ}`	$\mathrm {STUVWXYZ}$
`\mathrm{abcdefghijklm}`	$\mathrm {abcdefghijklm}$
`\mathrm{nopqrstuvwxyz}`	$\mathrm {nopqrstuvwxyz}$
`\mathrm{0123456789}`	$\mathrm {0123456789}$
Sans serif
`\mathsf{ABCDEFGHI}`	${\mathsf {ABCDEFGHI}}$
`\mathsf{JKLMNOPQR}`	${\mathsf {JKLMNOPQR}}$
`\mathsf{STUVWXYZ}`	${\mathsf {STUVWXYZ}}$
`\mathsf{abcdefghijklm}`	${\mathsf {abcdefghijklm}}$
`\mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz}`	${\mathsf {nopqrstuvwxyz}}$
`\mathsf{0123456789}`	${\mathsf {0123456789}}$
Sans serif Greek (capital only)
`\mathsf{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}`	${\mathsf {\mathrm {A} \mathrm {B} \Gamma \Delta \mathrm {E} \mathrm {Z} \mathrm {H} \Theta }}$
`\mathsf{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Omicron\Pi}`	${\mathsf {\mathrm {I} \mathrm {K} \Lambda \mathrm {M} \mathrm {N} \Xi \mathrm {O} \Pi }}$
`\mathsf{\Rho\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}`	${\mathsf {\Sigma \mathrm {T} \Upsilon \Phi \mathrm {X} \Psi \Omega }}$
Calligraphy/script
`\mathcal{ABCDEFGHI}`	${\mathcal {ABCDEFGHI}}$
`\mathcal{JKLMNOPQR}`	${\mathcal {JKLMNOPQR}}$
`\mathcal{STUVWXYZ}`	${\mathcal {STUVWXYZ}}$
`\mathcal{abcdefghi}`	${\mathcal {abcdefghi}}$
`\mathcal{jklmnopqr}`	${\mathcal {jklmnopqr}}$
`\mathcal{stuvwxyz}`	${\mathcal {stuvwxyz}}$
Fraktur typeface
`\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHI}`	${\mathfrak {ABCDEFGHI}}$
`\mathfrak{JKLMNOPQR}`	${\mathfrak {JKLMNOPQR}}$
`\mathfrak{STUVWXYZ}`	${\mathfrak {STUVWXYZ}}$
`\mathfrak{abcdefghijklm}`	${\mathfrak {abcdefghijklm}}$
`\mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz}`	${\mathfrak {nopqrstuvwxyz}}$
`\mathfrak{0123456789}`	${\mathfrak {0123456789}}$
Small scriptstyle text
`{\scriptstyle\text{abcdefghijklm}}`	${\scriptstyle {\text{abcdefghijklm}}}$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Italicised characters (spaces are ignored)	`x y z`	$x y z {\displaystyle xyz}$
Non-italicised characters	`\text{x y z}`	${\text{x y z}}$
Mixed italics (bad)	`\text{if} n\text{is even}`	${\text{if}}n{\text{is even}}$
Mixed italics (good)	`\text{if}n\text{ is even}`	${\text{if }}n{\text{ is even}}$
Mixed italics (alternative: ~ or "\ " forces a space)	`\text{if}~n\\text{is even}`	${\text{if}}~n\ {\text{is even}}$

How it looks rendered	Syntax	Feature
${\color {Blue}x^{2}}+{\color {Orange}2x}-{\color {LimeGreen}1}$	`{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}`
$x={\frac {{\color {Blue}-b}\pm {\sqrt {\color {Red}b^{2}-4ac}}}{\color {Green}2a}}$	`x=\frac{{\color{Blue}-b}\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{\color{Green}2a}`

How it looks rendered	Syntax	Feature
$x\color {red}\neq y=z$	`x\color{red}\neq y=z`	Colorsred everything to the right of`\color{red}`. To only color the $\neq$ symbol red, place braces around`\color{red}\neq` or insert`\color{black}` to the right of`\neq`.
$x{\color {red}\neq }y=z$	`x{\color{red}\neq} y=z`
$x\color {red}\neq \color {black}y=z$	`x\color{red}\neq\color{black} y=z`
${\frac {-b\color {Green}\pm {\sqrt {b^{2}\color {Blue}-4{\color {Red}a}c}}}{2a}}=x$	`\frac{-b\color{Green}\pm\sqrt{b^2\color{Blue}-4{\color{Red}a}c}}{2a}=x`	The outermost braces in`{\color{Red}a}c` limit the effect of`\color{Red}` to the symbol`a`. Similarly,`\color{Blue}` does not affect any symbols outside of the`\sqrt{}` that encloses it, and`\color{Green}` does not affect any symbols outside of the numerator.

How it looks rendered	Syntax	Feature
${\color {Blue}x^{2}}+{\color {Orange}2x}-{\color {LimeGreen}1}$	`{\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Orange}2x}-{\color{LimeGreen}1}`	works with both texvc and MathJax
$\color {Blue}x^{2}\color {Black}+\color {Orange}2x\color {Black}-\color {LimeGreen}1$	`\color{Blue}x^2\color{Black}+\color{Orange}2x\color{Black}-\color{LimeGreen}1`	works with both texvc and MathJax
$\color {Blue}{x^{2}}+\color {Orange}{2x}-\color {LimeGreen}{1}$	`\color{Blue}{x^2}+\color{Orange}{2x}-\color{LimeGreen}{1}`	only works with MathJax

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
double quad space	`a\qquad b`	$a\qquad b$
quad space	`a\quad b`	$a\quad b$
text space	`a\ b`	$a\ b$
text space in text mode	`a\text{} b`	$a{\text{ }}b$
large space	`a\;b`	$a\;b$
medium space	`a\<b`	Not supported
small space	`a\,b`	$a\,b$
tiny space (use for multiplication of factors)	`ab`	$a b {\displaystyle ab}$
tiny space (syntax space ignored)	`a b`	$a b {\displaystyle ab}$
no space (use for multi-letter variables)	`\mathit{ab}`	${\mathit {ab}}$
small negative space	`a\!b`	$a\!b$
zero-width space	`a\hspace{0pt}b`	Not supported

$\color {Apricot}{\text{Apricot}}$	$\color {Aquamarine}{\text{Aquamarine}}$	$\color {Bittersweet}{\text{Bittersweet}}$	$\color {Black}{\text{Black}}$
$\color {Blue}{\text{Blue}}$	$\color {BlueGreen}{\text{BlueGreen}}$	$\color {BlueViolet}{\text{BlueViolet}}$	$\color {BrickRed}{\text{BrickRed}}$
$\color {Brown}{\text{Brown}}$	$\color {BurntOrange}{\text{BurntOrange}}$	$\color {CadetBlue}{\text{CadetBlue}}$	$\color {CarnationPink}{\text{CarnationPink}}$
$\color {Cerulean}{\text{Cerulean}}$	$\color {CornflowerBlue}{\text{CornflowerBlue}}$	$\color {Cyan}{\text{Cyan}}$	$\color {Dandelion}{\text{Dandelion}}$
$\color {DarkOrchid}{\text{DarkOrchid}}$	$\color {Emerald}{\text{Emerald}}$	$\color {ForestGreen}{\text{ForestGreen}}$	$\color {Fuchsia}{\text{Fuchsia}}$
$\color {Goldenrod}{\text{Goldenrod}}$	$\color {white}{\text{Gray}}$	$\color {Green}{\text{Green}}$	$\color {GreenYellow}{\text{GreenYellow}}$
$\color {JungleGreen}{\text{JungleGreen}}$	$\color {Lavender}{\text{Lavender}}$	$\color {LimeGreen}{\text{LimeGreen}}$	$\color {Magenta}{\text{Magenta}}$
$\color {Mahogany}{\text{Mahogany}}$	$\color {Maroon}{\text{Maroon}}$	$\color {Melon}{\text{Melon}}$	$\color {MidnightBlue}{\text{MidnightBlue}}$
$\color {Mulberry}{\text{Mulberry}}$	$\color {NavyBlue}{\text{NavyBlue}}$	$\color {OliveGreen}{\text{OliveGreen}}$	$\color {Orange}{\text{Orange}}$
$\color {OrangeRed}{\text{OrangeRed}}$	$\color {Orchid}{\text{Orchid}}$	$\color {Peach}{\text{Peach}}$	$\color {Periwinkle}{\text{Periwinkle}}$
$\color {PineGreen}{\text{PineGreen}}$	$\color {Plum}{\text{Plum}}$	$\color {ProcessBlue}{\text{ProcessBlue}}$	$\color {Purple}{\text{Purple}}$
$\color {RawSienna}{\text{RawSienna}}$	$\color {Red}{\text{Red}}$	$\color {RedOrange}{\text{RedOrange}}$	$\color {RedViolet}{\text{RedViolet}}$
$\color {Rhodamine}{\text{Rhodamine}}$	$\color {RoyalBlue}{\text{RoyalBlue}}$	$\color {RoyalPurple}{\text{RoyalPurple}}$	$\color {RubineRed}{\text{RubineRed}}$
$\color {Salmon}{\text{Salmon}}$	$\color {SeaGreen}{\text{SeaGreen}}$	$\color {Sepia}{\text{Sepia}}$	$\color {SkyBlue}{\text{SkyBlue}}$
$\color {SpringGreen}{\text{SpringGreen}}$	$\color {Tan}{\text{Tan}}$	$\color {TealBlue}{\text{TealBlue}}$	$\color {Thistle}{\text{Thistle}}$
$\color {Turquoise}{\text{Turquoise}}$	$\color {Violet}{\text{Violet}}$	$\color {VioletRed}{\text{VioletRed}}$	${\color {White}{\text{White}}}$
$\color {WildStrawberry}{\text{WildStrawberry}}$	$\color {Yellow}{\text{Yellow}}$	$\color {YellowGreen}{\text{YellowGreen}}$	$\color {YellowOrange}{\text{YellowOrange}}$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
without special formatting	`\|\uparrow\rangle`	$\|\uparrow \rangle$
explicit opening and closing delimiter	`\left\|\uparrow\right\rangle`	$\left\|\uparrow \right\rangle$
with additional braces	`\|{\uparrow}\rangle`	$\|{\uparrow }\rangle$
arrow as ordinary symbol	`\|\mathord\uparrow\rangle`	$\|{\mathord {\uparrow }}\rangle$

Feature	Syntax	How it looks rendered
Empty horizontal and vertical spacing	`\Gamma^{\phantom{i}j}_{i\phantom{j}k}`	$\Gamma _{i{\phantom {j}}k}^{{\phantom {i}}j}$
Empty vertical spacing	`-e\sqrt{\vphantom{p'}p},\; -e'\sqrt{p'},\;\ldots`	$-e{\sqrt {{\vphantom {p'}}p}},\;-e'{\sqrt {p'}},\;\ldots$
Empty horizontal spacing	`\int u^2\,du=\underline{\hphantom{(2/3)u^3+C}}`	$\int u^{2}\,du={\underline {\hphantom {(2/3)u^{3}+C}}}$

texvc syntax	Suggested replacement	Comment
$	\$	redefinition would involve changing the character code
%	\%	redefinition would involve changing the character code
\or	\lor	causes the teubner TeX package to fail^[4]
\and	\land	causes normal align environment to fail
\pagecolor	(remove)	not needed and not working anymore, done manually
\part	\partial	acceptable if the document doesn't use sectioning with`\part`.
\ang	\angle	this only conflicts with siunitx package.
\C	\Complex	conflicts with puenc.def e.g. from hyperref package
\H	\mathbb{H}	conflicts with text command`\H{o}`, which is ő.
\bold	\mathbf
\Bbb	\mathbb

Markup	Renders as
<chem>A -> B</chem>	${\ce {A -> B}}$
<chem>A <- B</chem>	${\ce {A<- B}}$
<chem>A <-> B</chem>	${\ce {A<-> B}}$
<chem>A <--> B</chem>	Unsupported^[a]
<chem>A <=> B</chem>	${\ce {A<=> B}}$
<chem>A <=>> B</chem>	${\ce {A<=>> B}}$
<chem>A <<=> B</chem>	${\ce {A<<=> B}}$
`<chem>A ->[text] B</chem>`	${\ce {A ->[text] B}}$
`<chem>A ->[\text{text above}][\text{text below}] B</chem>`	${\ce {A->[{\text{text above}}][{\text{text below}}]B}}$
`<chem>A ->[\ce{+H2O}] B</chem>`	${\ce {A ->[{\ce {+H2O}}] B}}$

Markup	Renders as
<math>\rightarrow</math>	$\rightarrow$
<math>\rightleftarrows</math>	$\rightleftarrows$
<math>\rightleftharpoons</math>	$\rightleftharpoons$
<math>\leftrightarrow</math>	$\leftrightarrow$
<math>\longrightarrow</math><chem>-></chem>	$\longrightarrow$ ${\ce {->}}$
<math>\rightleftharpoons</math><chem><=></chem>	$\rightleftharpoons$ ${\ce {<=>}}$
<math>\longleftrightarrow</math><chem><-></chem>	$\longleftrightarrow$ ${\ce {<->}}$

Markup	`<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>`
Renders as	$ax^{2}+bx+c=0$

Markup	`<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>`
Renders as	$x={\frac {-b\pm {\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}{2a}}$

Markup	`<math>2 =\left(\frac{\left(3-x\right)\times 2}{3-x}\right)</math>`
Renders as	$2=\left({\frac {\left(3-x\right)\times 2}{3-x}}\right)$

Markup	`<math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} -\frac{\left( 5-T\right)^2}{2}</math>`
Renders as	$S_{\text{new}}=S_{\text{old}}-{\frac {\left(5-T\right)^{2}}{2}}$

Movatterモバイル変換

Use of raw HTML

LaTeX vs. {{math}}

Display format of LaTeX

Use of HTML templates

HTML entities

Superscripts and subscripts

Spacing

Additional

LaTeX basics

LaTeX commands

Special characters

Spaces

LaTeX environments

Rendering

Force-rerendering of formulas

Formatting using LaTeX

Functions, symbols, special characters

Accents and diacritics

Standard numerical functions

Bounds

Projections

Differentials and derivatives

Letter-like symbols or constants

Modular arithmetic

Radicals

Operators

Sets

Relations

Geometric

Logic

Arrows

Special

Unsorted (new stuff)

Larger expressions

Subscripts, superscripts, integrals

Fractions, matrices, multilines

Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars

Display attribute

Inline

Block

Not specified

Equation numbering

Alphabets and typefaces

Mixed text faces

Color

Formatting issues

Spacing

Empty horizontal or vertical spacing

Alignment with normal text flow

Unimplemented elements and workarounds

Special integral operators

\oiint and\oiiint

\oiint and\oiiint as PNG images

Examples

Oriented\oiint and\oiiint as PNG images

Arc notation\overarc

Triple dot\dddot

Starred operatorname\operatorname*

Strikethrough

Formatting in \text

Automatic line-breaking

Syntax to avoid

Unicode characters

Invisible Unicode characters

Deprecated syntax

Chemistry

Molecular and condensed formula

Bonds

Charges

Addition compounds and stoichiometric numbers

Wiki linking

(Italic) Math

Upright text

Oxidation states

Greek characters

Isotopes

States

Precipitate and gas formation

Reaction arrows

`\oiint` and`\oiiint`

`\oiint` and`\oiiint` as PNG images

Oriented`\oiint` and`\oiiint` as PNG images

Arc notation`\overarc`

Triple dot`\dddot`

Starred operatorname`\operatorname*`

Markup	`<math>\int_a^x\int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds =\int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>`
Renders as	$\int _{a}^{x}\int _{a}^{s}f(y)\,dy\,ds=\int _{a}^{x}f(y)(x-y)\,dy$

Markup	`<math>\int_e^{\infty}\frac{1}{t(\ln t)^2}dt =\left.\frac{-1}{\ln t}\right\vert_e^\infty = 1</math>`
Renders as	$\int _{e}^{\infty }{\frac {1}{t(\ln t)^{2}}}dt=\left.{\frac {-1}{\ln t}}\right\vert _{e}^{\infty }=1$

Markup	`<math>\det(\mathsf{A}-\lambda\mathsf{I}) = 0</math>`
Renders as	$\det({\mathsf {A}}-\lambda {\mathsf {I}})=0$

Markup	`<math>\sum_{i=0}^{n-1} i</math>`
Renders as	$\sum _{i=0}^{n-1}i$

Markup	`<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2 n}{3^m\left(m 3^n + n 3^m\right)}</math>`
Renders as	$\sum _{m=1}^{\infty }\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {m^{2}n}{3^{m}\left(m3^{n}+n3^{m}\right)}}$

Markup	`<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>`
Renders as	$u''+p(x)u'+q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a$

Markup	<math>\|\bar{z}\| = \|z\|,\|(\bar{z})^n\| = \|z\|^n,\arg(z^n) = n\arg(z)</math>
Renders as	$\|{\bar {z}}\|=\|z\|,\|({\bar {z}})^{n}\|=\|z\|^{n},\arg(z^{n})=n\arg(z)$

Markup	`<math>\lim_{z\to z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>`
Renders as	$\lim _{z\to z_{0}}f(z)=f(z_{0})$

Markup	<math>\phi_n(\kappa) =0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad\frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>
Renders as	$\phi _{n}(\kappa )=0.033C_{n}^{2}\kappa ^{-11/3},\quad {\frac {1}{L_{0}}}\ll \kappa \ll {\frac {1}{l_{0}}}$

Markup	`<math>\frac{a}{b}\\tfrac{a}{b}</math>`
Renders as	${\frac {a}{b}}\ {\tfrac {a}{b}}$