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Hedgehog coronavirus 1

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Species of virus

Hedgehog coronavirus 1
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Pisuviricota
Class:	Pisoniviricetes
Order:	Nidovirales
Family:	Coronaviridae
Genus:	Betacoronavirus
Subgenus:	Merbecovirus
Species:	Betacoronavirus erinacei^[1]

Hedgehog coronavirus 1 is a mammalian Group CBetacoronavirus, a positive-senseRNA virus, discovered inEuropean hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from Germany and first described in 2014.^[2]

MostBetacoronavirus clade c viruses are known frombats. The hedgehog is in the animal orderEulipotyphla, which is phylogenetically related to the bats,Chiroptera, so the researchers investigated faecal samples to look for coronaviruses.

The virus was found in the highest concentrations in the lowergastrointestinal tract.

All hedgehog merbecoviruses identified in both the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and Amur hedghog (Erinaceus amurensis) utilize host Amino peptidase N as a viral entry receptor.^[3]

References

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^Domanska-Blicharz, K., Lisowska, A., Opolska, J. et al. Whole genome characteristics of hedgehog coronaviruses from Poland and analysis of the evolution of the Spike protein for its interspecies transmission potential. BMC Vet Res 20, 424 (2024).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04277-4
^Corman, V. M.; Kallies, R.; Philipps, H.; Gopner, G.; Muller, M. A.; Eckerle, I.; Brunink, S.; Drosten, C.; Drexler, J. F. (16 October 2013)."Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in European Hedgehogs".Journal of Virology.88 (1):717–724.doi:10.1128/JVI.01600-13.PMC 3911734.PMID 24131722.
^Jin, M; Jefferson, V.; Zhao, Z.; Catanzaro, N.; Sabato, L. D.; Keller, E. L.; Menasche, B. L.; Hoffman, C.; Yount, B. L.; Castelli, A.; Bartolo, I. D.; Vaccari, G.; Starr, T.; Seifert, S. N.; Castellanos, A.; Han, B.; Serebryannyy, L.; Spaulding, A.; Douek, D. C.; Moreno, A.; Baric, R.; Wilen, C.; Rini, J. M.; Letko, M. (3 September 2025). "Aminopeptidase N is a receptor for hedegehog merbecoviruses".bioRxiv 10.1101/2025.09.03.674079.