Atābag of Great Lorestān ئەتابەگی ڵۆڕی گەورە اتابگی لٛۏری بزرگ | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1115–1424 | |||||||||||
 All lands ever conquered by the Hazaraspids | |||||||||||
| Status | Vassal of theIlkhanate (1256–1335) Vassal ofTimurid Empire (1393-1424) | ||||||||||
| Capital | Idaj | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Kurdish,Luri | ||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
| Atabeg/Malik/Shah | |||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1115 | ||||||||||
• Hazaraspids overthrown by Timurids | 1424 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
TheHazaraspids also known asFadluyids orFadlawi,Fazlavi dynasty[1][2](1115–1424) were aKurdishSunni Muslim dynasty[3][4] that ruled theZagros Mountains region of southwesternIran, essentially inLorestan and which flourished in the laterSaljuq,Ilkhanid,Muzaffarid, andTimurid periods.[4]
The Hazaraspids were neighbours of theKhorshidi dynasty, who ruled overlesser Lorestan.[1] While the Hazaraspids were more politically important due to their vast territory, and the fact that they held major communications routes.[1]
Although the founder wasAbu Tahir ibn Muhammad, the dynasty is named after the latter's son and successor,Malik Hazarasp. The name of the dynasty is ofPersian origin, and means "thousand horses".[a][5] the dynasty used the surname Fażlūya (Fażlawayh),[1] hence why in some sources they're referred to asFadluyid dynasty orFazlawayhids.[6]
The official name of the kingdom was Atābakān-e Lor-e Bozorg, or Atābagān-e Lor-e Bozorg, (Persian:اتابکان لور بزرگ;Kurdish:ھەزارئەسپ, ئەتابەگەکانی لوڕی مەزن;lit. 'Atābagate of GreaterLorestān').[1]
The Hazaraspids were descendant of aKurdish tribal chief inSyria, Fadlawi.[1] Fadlawi along with his tribe migrated fromSyria toLuristan andKhuzestan, passingMayyafariqin andAdharbayjan on his way. While in Adharbayjan, he made an alliance with theGilan ruler. In 1006, Fadlawi reached northern Luristan, where Abu Tahir, his 9th descendant, established himself as an independent ruler of Luristan.[2]
Abu Tahir, who was initially a commander of theSalghurids of Fars and was appointed as the governor ofKuhgiluya, but eventually gained independence inLuristan and extended his realm as far asIsfahan and assumed the prestigious title ofatabeg.[1][7] His son, Malik Hazarasp fought a successful campaign against Salghurids and assistedJalal-al-din Khwarezmshah in his struggle against theMongols. Another Hazaraspid ruler Takla, accompaniedHulagu on his march toBaghdad, but deserted because of the murder of the lastcaliph. He was eventually caught and executed on Hulagu's order.
Yusuf Shah I receivedIlkhan Abaqa's confirmation of his rule and addedKhuzestan, Kuhgiluya, Firuzan (near Isfahan) andGolpayegan to his domain. Afrasiab I attempted to extend his control to the coast ofPersian Gulf but faced stiff opposition from the Mongols who defeated his army at Kuhrud nearKashan. He was reinstated byIlkhan Gaykhatu but was executed byGazan in October 1296.[1]
The capital of Hazaraspids was located atIdaj located in present-day northernKhuzestan. Yusuf Shah II annexed the cities ofShushtar,Hoveizeh andBasra in the first half of fourteenth century.[8] During the reign of Shams-al-din Pashang, the dynasty faced attacks from theMuzaffarids and the capital Idaj temporarily fell into their hands, until the occupiers had to retreat due to their own internecine fighting.
In 1424, theTimurid rulerShahrukh Mirza overthrew the last Hazaraspid ruler Ghiyath al-Din thereby ended the dynasty. Maintaining their rule throughout the Seljuk, Mongol and somewhat into the Timurid era, the Hazaraspids played a part in the preservation of the Persian identity during foreign rule.[9]
The Hazaraspid domain had a mixed population ofKurds andLurs.[1]
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