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Haskell-class attack transport

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
US amphibious assault ship

USS Noble, a ship of theHaskell class, in 1956
Class overview
NameHaskell class
Builders
Preceded byGilliam class
Succeeded byPaul Revere class
Built1944–1945
In commission11 September 1944 – 29 October 1945
Planned131
Completed117
Cancelled14
Lost0
General characteristics
TypeAttack transport
Displacement6,873 tons (lt), 14,837 t (fl)
Length455 ft (139 m)
Beam62 ft (19 m)
Draft24 ft (7 m)
Propulsion1 × geared turbine (Westinghouse,Joshua Hendy orAllis-Chalmers), 2 × header-typeboilers (Babcock & Wilcox orCombustion Engineering), 1 × propeller, designed 8,500 shp (6,338 kW)
Speed18–19knots (33–35 km/h; 21–22 mph)
Boats & landing
craft carried
Capacity
  • Troops: 86 officers, 1,475 enlisted
  • Cargo: 150,000 cu ft, 2,900 tons
Complement56 officers, 480 enlisted
Armament

Haskell-class attack transports (APA) wereamphibious assault ships of theUnited States Navy created in 1944. They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment, and land them on hostile shores with the ships' integrallanding craft.

TheHaskells were very active in the World War IIPacific Theater of Operations, landingMarines andArmy troops and transporting casualties atIwo Jima andOkinawa. Ships of the class were among the firstAllied ships to enterTokyo Bay at the end of World War II, landing the first occupation troops atYokosuka. After the end of World War II, most participated inOperation Magic Carpet, the massivesealift of US personnel back to the United States. A few of theHaskell class were reactivated for theKorean War, with some staying in service into theVietnam War.

TheHaskell class,Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5, is a sub‑type of the World War IIVictory ship design. 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945, with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled. Built by theWar Shipping Administration under theEmergency Shipbuilding program. The class was named for the Haskell Counties ofKansas,Oklahoma, andTexas.

Design

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The VC2-S-AP5 design was intended for the transport and assault landing of over 1,500 troops and their heavy combat equipment. DuringOperation Magic Carpet, up to 1,900 personnel per ship were carried homeward.[Note 1]

TheHaskells carried 25landing craft to deliver the troops and equipment right onto the beach. The 23 main boats were the 36-foot (11 m)-longLCVP. The LCVP was designed to carry 36 equipped troops. The other two landing craft were the 50-foot (15 m)-longLCM (3), capable of carrying 60 troops or 30 tons (27 t) of cargo, or the 56-foot (17 m)LCM (6).[1] They also carried onegig.

TheHaskell-class ships were armed with one5"/38 caliber gun, twelveBofors 40 mm L/60 guns (one quad mount, four dual mounts), and tenOerlikon 20 mm guns.

Ships of theHaskell class

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Main article:List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships § Haskell class
USS St. Mary's inSan Francisco Bay,California, in late 1945 or early 1946. She is returning troops from the western Pacific to the United States as part of Operation Magic Carpet. Note the long homeward bound pennant trailing from her after mast, and the sign on shore (in the right distance) stating "Welcome Home, Well Done."

Haskell-class attack transports included APA-117,USS Haskell, thelead ship, through APA-247, the never completed USSMecklenburg. The hulls for APA-181 through APA-186 were repurposed to behospital ships before they were named. Ultimately those hospital ships were built on largerC4 plan and the six VC2 hulls were built in a merchant configuration.[2] APA-240 through APA-247 were named, but cancelled in 1945 when the war ended. With the special exception ofUSS Marvin H. McIntyre, theHaskell-class ships were all named aftercounties of the United States.

Fate

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Most of theHaskell-class ships were mothballed in 1946, with only a few remaining in service. Many of theHaskell class were scrapped in 1973–75.[3] A few were converted intoMissile Range Instrumentation Ships.

  • USS Gage, the last remaining ship in theHaskell configuration, was scrapped in 2009 at ESCO Marine, in Brownsville, Tx.[4]
  • USS Sherburne, which was converted and renamedUSS Range Sentinel, lasted until she was scrapped in 2012.
  • SSRutland Victory was sold to a private company and sank on 13 February 1976 600 miles East of Tokyo, Japan.
USS Rutland lowering an LCM offIwo Jima in 1945

Notable incidents

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  • USS Hinsdale (APA-120) had Kamikaze attack damage on 1 April 1945 at Okinawa. Over 15 men were killed. The extensive engine room damage was later repaired.
  • USS Telfair (APA-210) on 2 April 1945 was hit by kamikaze attack, the plane hit the side of the ship then dropped into the sea. She was later repaired.
  • USS La Grange (APA-124) on 13 August 1945 damaged in last kamikaze attack of WW2, 21 sailors killed and 89 wounded.
  • USS Colbert (APA-145) had mine damage on 17 September 1945, off Okinawa, this caused the death of three men and damaged the ship extensively.

In fiction

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The 1956 movieAway All Boats presents operations on an attack transport. It was based on a popular novel of the same name, written by an officer who served on one during World War 2.[5]

The opening chapters of the novel "Cinderella Liberty" were set on the APA USS Begonia.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^SeeUSS Rutland

Citations

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  1. ^USS Lanier (APA-125) Deck Log, September 1945.
  2. ^Friedman, Norman (2002).U.S. Amphibious Ships and Craft. Naval Institute Press. p. 190.ISBN 978-1-55750-250-6. Retrieved13 July 2009.
  3. ^"Sister Ship Display". Archived fromthe original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved23 September 2006.
  4. ^"PMARS is currently down for maintainence [sic]". Archived fromthe original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved16 August 2010.
  5. ^AWAY ALL BOATS

References

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External links

[edit]
 United States Navy
Completed
Cancelled
 Spanish Navy
Type EC2-S-C1 ship
Marine Adder-classtransports
Type C4-S-A3 ships
Haskell-classattack transports
Type VC2-S-AP5 ships
LST-1-classtank landing ships
Type S3-M-K2 ships
Casablanca-classescort carriers
Type S4-S2-BB5 ships
MARCOM ships built byCalifornia Shipbuilding Corporation,Terminal Island, Los Angeles, California, duringWorld War II, for theU.S. Navy
Crater-classcargo ships
Type EC2-S-C1 ships
Unclassified miscellaneous auxiliary ship
Type EC2-S-C1 ships
Armadillo classtankers
Z-ET1-S-C3 ships
Boulder Victory-classcargo ships
Type VC2-S-AP3 ships
Greenville Victory-classcargo ships
Type VC2-S-AP3 ships
Lt. James E. Robinson-classcargo ships
Type VC2-S-AP3 ship
Asterion-classstores ship
Type VC2-S-AP3 ship
Haskell-classattack transports
Type VC2-S-AP5 ships
Lists
Subtypes
Museum ships
Other
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See also
United States naval ship classes of World War II
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Completed after the war
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Single ship of class
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Cancelled
World War II Maritime Commission ship designs
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