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Haryanka Dynasty | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 544 BCE–413 BCE | |||||||||||||||
![The approximate extent of the Haryanka dynasty and the Shaisunaga dynasty between the 6th and 5th century BCE.[1]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMagadha_Expansion_(6th-4th_centuries_BCE).png) The approximate extent of the Haryanka dynasty and the Shaisunaga dynasty between the 6th and 5th century BCE.[1] | |||||||||||||||
| Capital | Rajagriha laterPataliputra | ||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Magadhi Prakrit Other Prakrits | ||||||||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism[2] Jainism[3][4] | ||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||||
| King | |||||||||||||||
• 544-492 BCE | Bimbisara | ||||||||||||||
• 492-460 BCE | Ajatashatru | ||||||||||||||
• 460-444 BCE | Udayin | ||||||||||||||
• 444-440 BCE | Anuruddha | ||||||||||||||
• 440-437 BCE | Munda | ||||||||||||||
• 437-413 BCE | Nāgadāsaka | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
• Established | 544 BCE | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 413 BCE | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||||||||||
TheHaryanka dynasty was the ruling dynasty ofMagadha between 544 BC and 413 BC. Initially, the capital wasRajagriha. Later, it was shifted toPataliputra, near present-dayPatna inIndia during the reign ofUdayin.Bimbisara is considered to be the founder of the dynasty.
According toBuddhist text, theMahavamsa, Bimbisara was appointed king by his father, Bhattiya, at the age of fifteen. This dynasty was succeeded by theShishunaga dynasty.[5]
The governance structure of Haryanka dynasty is mentioned in ancient texts. They mentiongramakas (village headmen) who headed village assemblies andmahamatras (high-ranking officials) who had executive, judicial and military functions.[6]
Historically, this period coincided with theAchaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley during the rule ofDarius I from about 517/516 BCE.[7]
_at_Rajagriha%2c_the_visit_of_Bimbisara.jpg)
Bimbisara reigned from 544 to 492 BCE. The extent of his kingdom is mentioned inMahavagga. His advisors included Sona Kolivisa, Sumana (flower gatherer), Koliya (minister), Kumbhaghosaka (treasurer) andJīvaka (physician). He was given the title ofSeniya.[6]
Both Jain and Buddhist texts claim the king was a follower of their respective religions.Uttaradhyayana Sutra says he was a follower ofMahavira, whereasSutta Nipata depicts him and his wife,Khema, as followers ofBuddha. The latter further mentions he deputedJīvaka to assist Buddha'sSangha.[6] He also married Chellana andKosala Devi, sister ofPasenadi.[8]
According toGeorge Turnour and N.L. Dey, the name of the father of Bimbisara was Bhatiya or Bhattiya, but thePuranas refer him as Hemajit, Kshemajit, Kshetroja or Ksetrauja and the Tibetan texts mention him asMahapadma.[9]
Ajatashatru reigned from 493 to 462 BCE.[6] He marriedVajira,Kosala's princess.[10]
In some sources, Bimbisara was imprisoned and killed by his son and successor,Ajatashatru, under whose rule the dynasty reached its largest extent. Ajatashatru was contemporary withMahavira (599–527 BCE) andGautama Buddha (563–483 BCE). Ajatashatru fought a war against theVajjika League, ruled by theLichhavis, and conquered them.[10]
Udayin or Udayabhadra is mentioned in Buddhist and Jain texts as the successor of Ajatashatru. ThePuranas, however, mention him as the fourth king after Darshaka.[11]
Puranas mention Nandivardhana and Mahanandin as successors of Udayin. According to Buddhist tradition, Anurudhha, Munda andNagadarshaka were his successors.[11]
Haryanka dynasty was overthrown by theirAmatya (minister),Shishunaga who then establishedShaishunaga Dynasty.[11]
| Preceded by | Haryanka dynasty middle of 6th century –425 BCE | Succeeded by |
